A Wrong Sound in the Quest for a Symphony? The WTO and the Impact of EU’s Common Agricultural Policy on Africa: Insight from Senegal

Agricultural Sector ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Economic Policies ◽

Trade Relations ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu ◽

Local Farmers

Abstract This paper is situated within the growing debate on how the domestic economic policies of developed countries condition that of the developing countries through the mechanism of international trade relations under the auspices of the WTO. Using the framework of the dependency theory I shall examine the economic impact of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on Africa with critical attention on the agricultural sector of the former, drawing empirical evidence from the present situation in Senegal. This answered the overarching question: How does the EU CAP affect the economies of Africa in general and Senegal in particular? The empirical evidence from Senegal’s experience presented in this paper revealed that CAP negatively affects the economic growth of Africa through the suffocation of its agricultural sector as a result of its distortion of the domestic price and the inability of local farmers to produce at a price that can compete equally with the heavily subsidized imported alternatives from the EU.

Dopady společné zemědělské politiky EU na české zemědělce v období 2014–2020

10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9896-2021-70 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Eliška Stromská ◽

Dominika Tóthová ◽

Katarína Melichová

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Agricultural Policy ◽

Financial Stability ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

The Common ◽

Political Economic ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu

The implementation of the Common Agricultural Policy of the EU in the Czech Republic brought many changes in the functioning and financing of agriculture in the Czech Republic with political, economic, and social impacts and many challenges and threats for Czech farmers. Since the Czech Republic acceded to the EU, the Common Agricultural Policy has been reformed several times. The aim of the article is to evaluate the impact of the Common Agricultural Policy on Czech farmers in 2014–2020. The evaluation is based on a qualitative survey among selected farmers in the Moravian-Silesian and Olomouc regions. The research results show that enterprises positively evaluate financial stability and the overall protection of the agricultural sector. Support for the diversification of agriculture and support for the investment was also highlighted. On the contrary, the administrative burden, great emphasis on cross compliance rules, differences in the payments in EU countries, reducing the competitiveness of Czech agriculture and unfavourable conditions for livestock farmers were assessed negatively.

Eu integration: the meaning of the common agricultural policy

Herald of Ternopil National Economic University ◽

10.35774/visnyk2019.04.054 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 54-69

Author(s):

Nadiia Kryvenko

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Policy ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Food Products ◽

Common Market ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

Eu Integration ◽

The Common ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu

Introduction. Integration has reached its highest level of development in the EU, and particular attention is drawn to the agrarian integration and resolution of these problems at the beginning of the integration process. This in its turn confirms the significant importance of the agrarian sector for the member-states. Although, the majority of this market participant does not trade agricultural products. The growing global food problem, the positive consequences of the CAP for EU integration, the significant importance of the agricultural sector for Ukraine, which is one of the major exporters of some agri-food products, and the existence of a number of regional trade agreements confirm the importance of research of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Purpose. It is pivotal to explore the importance of the EU CAP for the development of EU integration, its goals and changes, the mechanism, the formation of a common market. In addition, it is a positive experience of the integration group and Ukraine can learn a lesson if manages to analyze the EU’s place in the world market of agricultural products. Methods. The methods of theoretical generalization, historical method, method of analysis, comparison, and graphical method were used in the article for revealing the features of the CAP and the EU as an exporter of agricultural products. Results. The research shows the importance of the agrarian integration of the EU (it is confirmed by the CAP) and the impact of the CAP on the development of integration. In the case of enlargement of the EU, difficulties are often caused by agrarian policy. The article analyzes the aims of the CAP, which varied during the group history depending on a number of factors, and it shows its flexibility and compliance with urgent problems. The creation of a common market and the use of appropriate regulatory measures (which can also be used by Ukraine) are analyzed. It is determined that the EU is one of the world’s major producers and exporters of agri-food products, and its export share of many product is more than 30% or even 50%. Discussion. In further research it is advisable to focus on the stages and reforms of the CAP and to take into account some new aims CAP for the agricultural policy of Ukraine.

The influence of direct support under common agricultural policy on farm incomes in Poland

Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce ◽

10.19041/apstract/2013/2-3/5 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 7 (2-3) ◽

pp. 33-37 ◽

Author(s):

Agnieszka Judzińska

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Policy ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Early Years ◽

Economic Situation ◽

Farm Income ◽

Small Scale ◽

Scale Production ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu

The main objective of the paper is the analysis of changes on the level of income of agricultural producers, which took place in Poland in the early years of the accession to the EU, as well as a determination of the scale of the impact of financial support under the Common Agricultural Policy on the farm income situation. Poland’s membership in the EU gives rural farms opportunities to improve their economic situation. Financial aid, mainly in the form of a direct payment, has been the main factor determining the economical status of rural farms, whilst the other income making factors, such as improved productivity and increased agricultural production have played a much smaller role. The increase in revenue has enabled farmers not only to increase current expenditures, but also to carry out modernization efforts, which will determine the future economic and structural situation of the Polish agricultural sector and its competitiveness. However, a strong differentiation in terms of the economic situation of rural farms according to their size and specialization in production was also noticed. As a result, there is a still large number of farms in which the revenues received by farmers are insufficient to assure them adequate life standard. Therefore such farms are not able to both develop and invest. Only economically strong rural farms with high production potential have such opportunities, meaning that EU support will never be able to fully minimize the effects of small-scale production or to offset the insufficient efficiency and productivity of production factors.

The impact of climate change on European agricultural policy

European View ◽

10.1177/1781685819887036 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 171-177 ◽

Author(s):

Nicole M. Schmidt

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Greenhouse Gas ◽

Agricultural Policy ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Raising Awareness ◽

Combat Climate Change ◽

Warming World ◽

The Impact ◽

Principal Contributor ◽

The Eu

Agriculture in the context of climate change is often a provocative subject because agriculture is both heavily impacted by the warming world and also a principal contributor to climate change. As efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions increase, the EU is pushing all sectors to integrate measures to combat climate change. This article argues that the agricultural sector has instigated a process of integrating climate concerns. However, these efforts will not lead to a large number of disruptive changes in the agricultural sector. While the EU is putting climate change firmly on the agricultural agenda, ranking the issue even higher than the environment, the Union’s primary goal is still to support the income of farmers. Hence, the EU’s intentions will likely lead to raising awareness of the issue of climate change in the context of agriculture but will not lead to any transformative changes in European agricultural policymaking.

The Impact of the Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union on the General Price Level of Countries that Joined in the Period from 2004 to 2007

Economic Themes ◽

10.2478/ethemes-2019-0014 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 57 (2) ◽

pp. 233-255

Author(s):

Ivana Stojanović

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Agricultural Policy ◽

Price Level ◽

Agricultural Product ◽

The European Union ◽

General Price Level ◽

The Common ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu

AbstractApplication of The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) of the European Union implies the existence of a single market (without customs duties on mutual trade), the community’s priority in meeting the needs for agricultural products (protection against imports) and the existence of financial solidarity (joint financing). Joining the European Union for new member states implies the termination of the implementation of the existing national agricultural policy and the the beginning of the implementation of the CAP. Although membership in the European Union implies many advantages, the period after joining this community can be quite economically unstable for some countries. One of the most significant problems is an increase in agricultural product prices and a rise in the general price level (inflation). The above can be confirmed by a simple empirical analysis of the economic indicators of the countries that joined the EU together in the period from 2004 until 2007.

What Common Agricultural Policy after Brexit?

Politics and Governance ◽

10.17645/pag.v7i3.2117 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 40-50 ◽

Author(s):

Christilla Roederer-Rynning ◽

Alan Matthews

Keyword(s):

Agricultural Policy ◽

Farm Income ◽

Urban Rural ◽

The Common ◽

Multi Level ◽

The Uk ◽

Political Economic ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu

Suppose we were in 2028: what would the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) look like then? Would it be significantly different from the policy we know today? How, and why? And to what extent would Brexit have catalyzed these changes? The CAP is one of the founding policies of the EU and a strategic lever to address critical 21st century challenges such as climate change and the rising demand for food at the global level. It also has an important role in Europe to address the growing urban-rural divide and its potentially destabilizing impact on European politics. In this article, we examine the impact of Brexit from a political-economic perspective emphasizing the multi-level context within which the CAP is embedded. As an EU member state, the UK found a way to partly accommodate the CAP to its needs even though this policy was a source of intense UK dissatisfaction with the EU. Post-Brexit, the budgetary and market implications of the UK’s departure may favour positions that support a return to a more traditional policy of farm income support. On the other hand, more radical farm policies in England and Wales could partly offset these effects by setting the agenda for continued CAP reform, if they are seen to be successful.

Quo vadis Common Agricultural Policy of the European Union?

Management ◽

10.2478/manment-2019-0032 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 295-309 ◽

Author(s):

Sebastian Stępień ◽

Andrzej Czyżewski

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Agricultural Policy ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Inductive Reasoning ◽

The European Union ◽

Macroeconomic Conditions ◽

Quo Vadis ◽

The Eu

Summary The agricultural policy of the European Union - Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) - was introduced in the 1960s as the first EU policy. Over the next decades it constituted the largest share in the expenditure of the EU budget. Today, although cohesion policy has replaced it in the first place, it is still being prioritized by the countries of the Community. Observation of the next financial perspectives, however, allows to conclude that the nature of the CAP is changing, which is a manifestation of the evolution of views on the role of the food sector in the economic development of the European Union. The aim of the study is to indicate the directions of reforms of the Common Agricultural Policy during its sixty-year functioning, the reasons for these changes and the consequences they have had for the agricultural sector in EU countries. These outcomes were supplemented by outlining the perspectives for the development of the EU agricultural policy in the coming years. The authors focused on the basic instruments of the CAP including income-generating, environmental and rural development-related. On the basis of the analysis of objectives and instruments of the CAP, it was stated that it departed from traditional market support to create more sophisticated intervention related to the changing macroeconomic conditions and expectations of the society. The paper is a review, with elements of meta-analysis, deduction and inductive reasoning.

Comparison of subsidies in the Visegrad Group after the EU accession

Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) ◽

10.17221/10/2009-agricecon ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 55 (No. 9) ◽

pp. 415-423 ◽

Author(s):

F. Střeleček ◽

J. Lososová ◽

R. Zdeněk

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Agricultural Policy ◽

Agricultural Production ◽

Eu Accession ◽

Comparable Level ◽

The Common ◽

The Impact ◽

Visegrad Group ◽

The Eu

States of the Visegrad Four have always been the area historically connected together by common roots, tradition, culture relations and similar economic development. Economies of the Visegrad Group have reached a comparable level of development. The aim of the paper is to compare the V4 states with regard to the conditions for agricultural production and to assess the impact of the Common Agricultural Policy to the economy of agricultural holdings in the V4 states according to the FADN results.

Effect of the domestic sectoral policies harmonisation in CECs with the EU Common Agricultural Policy

Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) ◽

10.17221/5274-agricecon ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 113-119

Author(s):

V. Vojtěch

Keyword(s):

Czech Republic ◽

Quantitative Analysis ◽

Agricultural Policy ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Slovak Republic ◽

The Czech Republic ◽

Central European ◽

The Common ◽

The Eu

This paper discusses the potential effects of the EU Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on the various branches of the agricultural sector in the four OECD member Central European Countries (CECs), i.e. the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland and the Slovak Republic. The estimation of the effect of the domestic sectoral policies harmonisation with the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) and its impact on the farming sector, consumers of agricultural commodities and taxpayers, is based on the data from the OECD quantitative analysis of support to agriculture.

The Impact of Labour Rights Commitments in EU Trade Agreements: The Case of Peru

Politics and Governance ◽

10.17645/pag.v5i4.1091 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 6-18 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jan Orbie ◽

Lore Van den Putte ◽

Deborah Martens

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

Empirical Evidence ◽

Agricultural Sector ◽

Field Research ◽

Trade Agreements ◽

Analytical Framework ◽

Labour Rights ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu

While the inclusion of labour rights in European Union (EU) trade agreements has become an ‘unobjectionable norm’, analyses of their impact have been largely absent from the literature. This article aims to partly fill this gap in existing research by examining the impact of labour rights commitments in the EU–Peru–Colombia agreement, with particular reference to the agricultural sector in Peru. Following a brief background overview of labour rights in agriculture in Peru, we draw up the analytical framework for assessing the impact of these commitments. We discern three distinctive legal commitments and find that they are flexible and conservative, also compared to provisions in other EU trade agreements. Subsequently, we assess the impact of these commitments by analysing to what extent they are being upheld in practice. Empirical evidence from several sources, including field research, shows that the Peruvian government has failed to implement the labour rights commitments in several respects. In the conclusions, we point to the cautious role of the EU, which has scope to monitor Peru’s labour rights compliance more proactively.