Short-Term Spatiotemporal Variability in Picoplankton Induced by a Submesoscale Front South of Gran Canaria (Canary Islands)

The distribution and variability of phytoplankton in the upper layers of the ocean are highly correlated with physical processes at different time and spatial scales. Model simulations have shown that submesoscale features play a pivotal role on plankton distribution, metabolism and carbon fluxes. However, there is a lack of observational studies that provide evidence for the complexity of short-term phytoplankton distribution and variability inferred from theoretical and modeling approaches. In the present study, the development and decay of a submesoscale front south of Gran Canaria Island is tracked at scales not considered in regular oceanographic samplings in order to analyze the picoplankton response to short-term variability. Likewise, the contribution of each scale of variability to the total variance of the picophytoplankton community has been quantified. We observe statistically different picophytoplankton assemblages across stations closer than 5 km, and between time periods shorter than 24 h, which were related to high physical spatiotemporal variability. Our results suggest that both temporal and spatial variability may equally contribute to the total variance of picoplankton community in the mixed layer, while time is the principal contributor to total variance in the deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM).

Constructivism over Determinism

The literal voice is a principal contributor to identity construction. Consequently, it is a common source of gender dysphoria for transgender females undergoing voice feminisation. Much of the research in this field has primarily viewed this phenomenon from a determinist perspective, equating physiology with vocal identity. Although many approaches to voice feminisation rely on this predominately physiological point of view, objective measures defining voice femininity are not always correlated with transgender client satisfaction (Dacakis et al., 2017: 835–37). This evidence demonstrates the need to look at the voice more constructively—or as a conglomeration of many social, physical and cultural factors—in therapeutic voice interventions. Previously reported clinical outcomes and empirical research concerning the links between the voice and gender identity give credence to this constructivist perspective, which must be more heavily emphasised in transgender voice feminisation approaches moving forward.

Sympathetically mediated increases in cardiac output, not restraint of peripheral vasodilation, contribute to blood pressure maintenance during hyperinsulinemia

We examined the role of sympathetic activation in restraining vasodilatory responses to hyperinsulinemia and sustaining blood pressure in healthy adults. Data are reported from two separate experimental protocols in humans and one experimental protocol in isolated arteries from mice. Contrary to our hypothesis, the present findings support the idea that during hyperinsulinemia, a sympathetically mediated increase in cardiac output, rather than restraint of peripheral vasodilation, is the principal contributor to the maintenance of systemic blood pressure.

State-Sanctioned Violence Definition, Parameters, and Conceptual Foundation

Social work’s quest takes on greater significance at this critical time in the nation’s history, responding to a society that has persisted in marginalizing groups because of the color of their skin, sexual identities, and abilities, and is increasingly being segregated. This book illustrates (conceptually, case examples, and statistically) how state-sanctioned violence is a modern-day manifestation with deep historical roots of government serving as a principal contributor to the persistence and reproduction of racism, as it has since the founding of the nation, illustrating state power to carry out a violence agenda targeting communities of color covering centuries. Violence establishes and maintains nation-states (Fenton, 2017). A nation willing to exercise violence and sacrifice segments of its population is one resting on a very precarious foundation. This chapter lays out a conceptual foundation for understanding state-sanctioned violence.

Setting the Groundwork

This book illustrates (conceptually, case examples, and statistically) how state-sanctioned violence is a modern-day manifestation with deep historical roots of government serving as a principal contributor to the persistence and reproduction of racism, as it has since the founding of the nation, illustrating how state power has carried out a violence agenda targeting communities of color for centuries. The basic premise and interconnectedness of the state action violence themes in this book were reinforced and expanded in the course of writing. Bonilla-Silva (2019, p. 14) states, “We are living, once again, in strange racial times,” and yes, indeed, we are. My hope is that readers appreciate the numerous threads between themes, some of which have not gotten close attention by the general public and scholars. Harris and Hodge (2017), for example, adeptly interconnect environmental, food, and school-to-pipeline justice among urban youth of color, illustrating how oppressions converge. Future scholarship will connect even more dots to create the mosaic that constitutes state-sanctioned violence.

The impact of climate change on European agricultural policy

Agriculture in the context of climate change is often a provocative subject because agriculture is both heavily impacted by the warming world and also a principal contributor to climate change. As efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions increase, the EU is pushing all sectors to integrate measures to combat climate change. This article argues that the agricultural sector has instigated a process of integrating climate concerns. However, these efforts will not lead to a large number of disruptive changes in the agricultural sector. While the EU is putting climate change firmly on the agricultural agenda, ranking the issue even higher than the environment, the Union’s primary goal is still to support the income of farmers. Hence, the EU’s intentions will likely lead to raising awareness of the issue of climate change in the context of agriculture but will not lead to any transformative changes in European agricultural policymaking.

ATG2 transports lipids to promote autophagosome biogenesis

During macroautophagic stress, autophagosomes can be produced continuously and in high numbers. Many different organelles have been reported as potential donor membranes for this sustained autophagosome growth, but specific machinery to support the delivery of lipid to the growing autophagosome membrane has remained unknown. Here we show that the autophagy protein, ATG2, without a clear function since its discovery over 20 yr ago, is in fact a lipid-transfer protein likely operating at the ER–autophagosome interface. ATG2A can bind tens of glycerophospholipids at once and transfers lipids robustly in vitro. An N-terminal fragment of ATG2A that supports lipid transfer in vitro is both necessary and fully sufficient to rescue blocked autophagosome biogenesis in ATG2A/ATG2B KO cells, implying that regulation of lipid homeostasis is the major autophagy-dependent activity of this protein and, by extension, that protein-mediated lipid transfer across contact sites is a principal contributor to autophagosome formation.

Gospel According to Bill Russell

William “Bill” Russell (1905–1992) is best known as one of the preeminent experts on early jazz, having been a principal contributor to the seminal collection Jazzmen (1939). In the early 1950s, however, Russell, enthralled by Mahalia Jackson’s voice and New Orleans roots, became Jackson’s unlikely personal assistant in Chicago. During Russell’s intensive period of involvement with Jackson, he helped Jackson with musical and menial tasks while also maintaining a diary that detailed the gospel’s singer’s day-to-day activities. This was undertaken with an eye on what proved to be an aborted attempt to write Jackson’s biography. But Russell’s remarkable journal, documenting Jackson’s participation in a Chicago gospel scene that involved close and continuous interaction with singers, preachers, and congregations, offers a one-of-a-kind picture of Jackson the tireless church singer.

Handling class overlapping to detect noisy instances in classification

Automated machine classification will play a vital role in the machine learning and data mining. It is probable that each classifier will work well on some data sets and not so well in others, increasing the evaluation significance. The performance of the learning models will intensely rely on upon the characteristics of the data sets. The previous outcomes recommend that overlapping between classes and the presence of noise has the most grounded impact on the performance of learning algorithm. The class overlap problem is a critical problem in which data samples appear as valid instances of more than one class which may be responsible for the presence of noise in data sets.The objective of this paper is to comprehend better the data used as a part of machine learning problems so as to learn issues and to analyze the instances that are profoundly covered by utilizing new proposed overlap measures. The proposed overlap measures are Nearest Enemy Ratio, SubConcept Ratio, Likelihood Ratio and Soft Margin Ratio. To perform this experiment, we have created 438 binary classification data sets from real-world problems and computed the value of 12 data complexity metrics to find highly overlapped data sets. After that we apply measures to identify the overlapped instances and four noise filters to find the noisy instances. From results, we found that 60–80% overlapped instances are noisy instances in data sets by using four noise filters. We found that class overlap is a principal contributor to introduce class noise in data sets.