scholarly journals A Case Study in Summitry: The Experience of Britain's Edward Heath, 1970-74

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-293
Author(s):  
John Young
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Geographical Range ◽  
High Profile ◽  
British Experience ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

AbstractWhile summits are well served in the literature on diplomacy, the focus tends to be on specific, high-profile occasions such as Munich and Yalta or on the broad experience of multilateral conferences. Such approaches may obscure the full range of summits that were taking place by the later twentieth century. By focusing on a four-year period in the experience of a particular leader, this article provides a case study of summitry, which might serve as the basis for comparisons with other countries and time periods. It draws out the frequency, type and geographical range of summits experienced by Edward Heath as British premier and, in doing so, also raises issues about how types of summits are defined, the relationship between bilateral and multilateral meetings and the way that summitry has evolved as a diplomatic practice. In particular it emerges that summits were frequent and ofen perfunctory affairs, sometimes held as a simple courtesy to leaders who were passing through London. In this sense the British experience may have been unusual, but it is also evident from the number of Heath's interlocutors and the multilateral conferences that he attended that summits had become an integral part of political life for world leaders in the jet age.

Poetic Trespass

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lital Levy
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Visual Art ◽  
Prose Poetry ◽  
Old World ◽  
History And Literature ◽  
Political Boundaries ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Emile Habiby ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

A Palestinian-Israeli poet declares a new state whose language, “Homelandic,” is a combination of Arabic and Hebrew. A Jewish-Israeli author imagines a “language plague” that infects young Hebrew speakers with old world accents, and sends the narrator in search of his Arabic heritage. This book brings together such startling visions to offer the first in-depth study of the relationship between Hebrew and Arabic in the literature and culture of Israel/Palestine. More than that, the book presents a captivating portrait of the literary imagination's power to transgress political boundaries and transform ideas about language and belonging. Blending history and literature, the book traces the interwoven life of Arabic and Hebrew in Israel/Palestine from the turn of the twentieth century to the present, exposing the two languages' intimate entanglements in contemporary works of prose, poetry, film, and visual art by both Palestinian and Jewish citizens of Israel. In a context where intense political and social pressures work to identify Jews with Hebrew and Palestinians with Arabic, the book finds writers who have boldly crossed over this divide to create literature in the language of their “other,” as well as writers who bring the two languages into dialogue to rewrite them from within. Exploring such acts of poetic trespass, the book introduces new readings of canonical and lesser-known authors, including Emile Habiby, Hayyim Nahman Bialik, Anton Shammas, Saul Tchernichowsky, Samir Naqqash, Ronit Matalon, Salman Masalha, A. B. Yehoshua, and Almog Behar. By revealing uncommon visions of what it means to write in Arabic and Hebrew, the book will change the way we understand literature and culture in the shadow of the Israeli–Palestinian conflict.

The Indian Competition Act: A Historical and Developmental Perspective

2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiju Varghese Mazhuvanchery
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Developmental Perspective ◽  
Law And Development ◽  
Contentious Issue ◽  
Indian Act ◽  
Competition Laws ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The relationship between competition law and development continues to be a subject that excites many. The appropriate design of a competition law with developmental dimensions is a contentious issue. With the enactment of the Competition Act 2002, India joined the hundred odd developing countries that have adopted new competition laws over the last two decades. After a hiatus of seven years, substantive provisions of the Act have been notified recently. The Indian Act presents a perfect case study for the developmental dimensions of competition law. This paper explores the events that led to the enactment of the new law in India and analyses its provisions from a developmental perspective. The paper concludes that many of the provisions in the law may come in the way of the realization of developmental goals.

Exemplary Biography

Mnemosyne ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Murray
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Roman History ◽  
Marcus Tullius Cicero ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Way ◽  
Valerius Maximus

Abstract Moving away from the nineteenth century’s concern with Quellenforschung, serious study of Valerius Maximus’ Facta et dicta memorabilia in the twentieth century produced a variety of different approaches to this Tiberian text of exemplary tales. One of the most interesting projects in this regard was produced by T.F. Carney, who scrutinised a key exemplar, Gaius Marius, across the work. In constructing a ‘biography’ from the exempla themselves, Carney’s labour contributed much to Roman history generally, but also pioneered a novel methodology for reading Valerius Maximus—one that was taken up and imitated by later scholars. This methodology, however, is not without problems, particularly in relation to the way that Valerius has shaped, structured, and arranged his work at the level of chapter. By building upon Carney’s methodology, but also considering the context of the individual chapters themselves, I provide in this paper a case study of the way in which Valerius writes the life of Marcus Tullius Cicero—a figure unique in the Facta et dicta memorabilia in being both exemplar and a major source for the work. In doing so, this article elucidates the process of ‘exemplary biography’.

Dark Rooms and Developing Fluid

2020 ◽  
pp. 86-122
Author(s):  
Erika Hanna
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Historic Sites ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

Chapter 3 explores the practices of photography clubs. Throughout Ireland, during the twentieth century, men and women spent their evenings in the dark rooms of photography clubs, and their weekends on days out to historic sites and beauty spots organized by these groups. As such, these organizations played an important role in mediating ideas of photographic value, technical perfection, and the picturesque. This chapter explores their history, and uses the way photography was taught to explore the relationship between photographic aesthetics and how society and people were envisioned through landscape. Until the late 1960s, the photographic conventions propounded by organizations such as the Photographic Society of Ireland and the Belfast Central Camera Club tended towards conservatism in both content and style. Amateur enthusiasts in general adhered to the pictorial tradition of studied set pieces—of sweeping hills or the curve of a beach offset by a white cottage—cropped and adapted to reach a standard of technical formalism and perfection in line with conventions derived from painting. Moreover, discussions of the respective merits of documentary and pictorial styles for depicting landscape within the amateur photographic press, although framed as aesthetic arguments, encompassed bigger issues. Correspondents debated their ability to respond to the upheavals of European modernity and their responsibility to depict uncomfortable themes through photography. As such, concerns about style became broader arguments regarding Ireland’s position within Europe, the boundaries of society, and the nature of the visible within Irish life.

scholarly journals How Smallness Fosters Clientelism: A Case Study of Malta

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1034-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wouter Veenendaal
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Member State ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
High Turnout ◽  
State Size ◽  
The Relationship

While it has long been assumed that smaller communities are more prone to particularistic politics, the relationship between state size and clientelism remains strongly undertheorized. Departing from the assumption that face-to-face contacts, overlapping role relations, stronger monitoring mechanisms, and the enhanced power of single votes contribute to the emergence of patron–client linkages, this article provides an in-depth case study of clientelism in Malta, the smallest member state of the European Union. The analysis reveals not only that patron–client linkages are a ubiquitous feature of political life in Malta, but also that the smallness of Malta strongly affects the functioning of clientelism by eliminating the need for brokers and enhancing the power of clients versus patrons. In addition, clientelism is found to be related to several other characteristics of Maltese politics, among which the sharp polarization between parties, extremely high turnout rates, profound executive dominance, and the incidence of corruption scandals.

Professional values: A case study of professional students in a polytechnic

1978 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Professional Values ◽  
Intensive Study ◽  
Student Culture ◽  
Group Culture ◽  
Professional Students ◽  
Central Task ◽  
Royal Institution ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

This is an intensive study of students on a three-year Surveying degree course at a polytechnic. The degree gives exemption from the examinations of the Royal Institution of Chartered Surveyors. The central task of the study was to define the content of the group culture, and to outline the socialisation process by which it is acquired. This involved ascertaining whether there is something which could be called the culture of the surveying profession, or at least the culture of the students in that profession, and, if so, to identify and examine the component parts of this culture. The relationship between student culture and examination success was considered to see whether there was a link between integration into the culture and examination success, and, further, whether examination success is a predictor of later success in the profession. Finally, it was hoped to show the way in which student culture changes throughout the experience of the course.1

Bridging a Divide: A Faith-Based Perspective on Anti-Discrimination Law

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-78
Author(s):  
Mark Bell
Keyword(s):  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Catholic Social Teaching ◽  
Social Teaching ◽  
Beliefs And Practices ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Faith Based ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract High-profile litigation in various jurisdictions has drawn attention to situations where conflict arises between the requirements of anti-discrimination law and the religious beliefs and practices of individuals and organizations. Although these disputes reflect genuine disagreements, this article argues that, in addition to litigation, other facets of the relationship between faith and anti-discrimination law need to be considered. Taking Catholic Social Teaching as a case study, the article explores anti-discrimination law through a theological lens. In this example, it identifies significant common ground where religious beliefs are congruent with anti-discrimination law, even if areas of divergence are also present. The article concludes that further exploration of law and theology could make a contribution to fostering a more constructive relationship between faith and anti-discrimination law.

As Seen on TV: Putting the NBC Opera on Stage

2018 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 595-654 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Ward-Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Television Watching ◽  
New Model ◽  
The 1950S ◽  
La Traviata ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opera Houses

This article examines the relationship between opera on television and opera on the stage in America in the 1950s and 1960s. Using the NBC Opera (1949–64) as a case study, I trace both what television borrowed from the operatic stage and what television sought to bring to the stage in a relationship envisioned by producers as symbiotic. Focusing on the NBC's short-lived touring arm, which produced live performances of Madam Butterfly, The Marriage of Figaro, and La traviata for communities across America in 1956–57, I draw upon archival evidence to show how these small-scale stage productions were recalibrated to suit a television-watching public. Instead of relying on the stylized presentation and grand gestures typical of major opera houses, the NBC touring performances blended intimate television aesthetics with Broadway typecasting and naturalistic direction. Looking beyond the NBC Opera, I also offer a new model for understanding multimedial transfer in opera, one in which the production style of early television opera did not simply respond to the exigencies of the screen, but rather sought to transform the stage into a more intimate—and supposedly more accessible—medium in the mid-twentieth century.

Herman Trunk’s Cubist Crucifix: A Case Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 628-647
Author(s):  
Cynthia Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Modern Art ◽  
Alternative Perspective ◽  
Time Period ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract American modern artist Herman Trunk (1894–1963) serves as a noteworthy case study in a consideration of the relationship between religion and American modern art in the first half of the twentieth century. One of his few overtly religious works, Crucifix (c. 1930), stands out for its intriguing convergence of a most important Catholic subject with Cubist art. This essay examines Trunk’s Cubist Crucifix in relation to other Crucifix and Crucifixion paintings created around the same time period. Trunk’s Crucifix is unique among abstract paintings of religious subjects in the artist’s distinctive use of Cubism to create a quiet meditation on the crucified Christ. In some respects affirming the long tradition of Crucifix and Crucifixion paintings, Crucifix also counters those traditions to provide an alternative perspective on the Crucifix as a subject. Through his Crucifix painting, Trunk successfully brings together two traditions that historically have been viewed as diametrically opposed—Catholicism and Cubist abstraction—to produce a devotional image of the Crucifix as a form of veneration.

'Glocalization' as a Key to the Interplay between Christianity and Asian Cultures: The Vision of Francis Wei in Early Twentieth Century China

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Tze Ming Ng
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Chinese Culture ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
World Christianity ◽  
Henry Luce ◽  
The Way

AbstractThis article aims to apply the concept of 'glocalization' to the study of theology and culture. China is chosen as a case study, with particular focus on a Chinese theologians discussion of the interplay between Christianity and Chinese Culture in the early twentieth century China. Francis Wei was the first Chinese President of Huazhong University in Wuhan, 1929–1952, and he was appointed as the first Henry Luce Visiting Professor of World Christianity in 1945–46. Wei's conviction was that Christianity and Chinese culture could be complementary. He held that China needed Christianity for a better understanding of God's nature and the way human beings could communicate with God, while maintaining that Christianity needed China to move beyond western denominationalism. Moreover, Christianity could not become a universal religion without including China. This article argues that Wei's work is relevant to the contemporary discussion about interaction between globalization and localization, known as 'glocalization'.

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