‘Becoming Black’

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 183-203
Author(s):  
Amanuel Isak Tewolde
Keyword(s):  
Racial Identity ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Social Organisation ◽  
Black Racial Identity ◽  
Online Newspaper ◽  
Social Mobilisation ◽  
The Face ◽  
Conversational Interviews

Abstract Little is known about racial identity claims of African migrants living in Israel who originate from countries where race is not a dominant identity marker. This article examines how Eritrean migrants, coming from a country where race-based social organisation is not prevalent, strategically adopted ‘Black’ as their identity marker in Israel. Online newspaper reports and conversational interviews with four Eritrean migrants were used as sources of data. During various anti-deportation protests, Eritrean migrants held signs with slogans referring to themselves as Black. Some of the slogans include: ‘Do Black lives matter in Israel?’, ‘Black or White I am human’, ‘Deported to death because I am Black’, and ‘Now I am White, will you deport me?’ I argue that for first generation Eritrean migrants in Israel, Black racial identity was adopted strategically as a political identity of social mobilisation and resistance in the face of a racialised and exclusionary migration policy.

scholarly journals Black entrepreneurship and ethnic beauty salons: possibilities forresistance in the social (re)construction of black identity

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (87) ◽  
pp. 589-609
Author(s):  
Ana Flávia Rezende ◽  
Flávia Luciana Naves Mafra ◽  
Jussara Jéssica Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Racial Identity ◽  
Black Men ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Black Racial Identity ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Face ◽  
Black Entrepreneurship ◽  
Racial Ethnic

ABSTRACT This paper addresses the case of five lack entrepreneurs who own businesses a public that for years has denied a esthetic and phenotypic traits. These spaces, branded as ‘ethnic salons’, aim to take care of the curly and / or Afrohair of Black men and women.In the face of this context, we ask: how canBlack entrepreneurs and enterprisesconfront colonialmentality in social relations, by creating businesses aimed at giving value to, and appreciatingthe identity of Black men and women? The field research was conducted via observations and interviews,collecting narratives from both. The narratives went through a process of synthesis and analysisprocesses that allowed us to flag the motivesbehind these enterprises, as well as the racial/ethnic acceptance present in these spaces. Thus, the main contribution of this paper is to discuss ‘hairtype’ as a constitutive element of Black racial identity, and the opportunity for more autonomywhen entering the labor market.

‘My race is Habesha’: Eritrean refugees re-defining race as pan-ethnic identity in post-apartheid South Africa

Ethnicities ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 146879682093136
Author(s):  
Amanuel Isak Tewolde
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
South African ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Racial Classification ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Racial Categories ◽  
The Face ◽  
Research Gap

Scholars studying race and racial classification in post-apartheid South Africa have paid little attention to how African refugees navigate the South African racial classification scheme and how they self-identity in the face of their everyday encounters with imposed racial classification in South Africa. This paper addresses this research gap by exploring how first-generation Eritrean refugees self-identify in the context of an imposed South African racial classification system. The result reported here forms part of a broader research study that explored how Eritrean refugees in South Africa self-defined in the face of racialization. The broader study identified various themes but this paper only reports on those who defined their race as Habesha in the face of their experiences with racial classification. I argue that by defining their race as Habesha, participants re-defined race as a pan-ethnic identity dissociating racial identity from physical appearance and skin colour. Some refugees who never self-identified in terms of phenotype-based racial categories are nuancing traditional definitions of racial identity in post-apartheid South Africa.

Examining the Relationship Between Black Racial Identity Clusters and Postpartum Depressive Symptoms

2021 ◽  
pp. 107839032110026
Author(s):  
Kortney Floyd James ◽  
Dawn M. Aycock ◽  
Jennifer L. Barkin ◽  
Kimberly A. Hires
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Black Mothers ◽  
Postpartum Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Black Racial Identity ◽  
Postpartum Mothers ◽  
The Relationship

Background: This study examined the relationship between racial identity clusters and postpartum depressive symptoms (PPDS) in Black postpartum mothers living in Georgia. Aims: A cross-sectional study design using Cross’s nigrescence theory as a framework was used to explore the relationship between Black racial identity and PPDS. Method: Black mothers were administered online questionnaires via Qualtrics. A total sample of 116 self-identified Black mothers were enrolled in the study. Participants ranged in age from 18 to 41 years ( M = 29.5 ± 5.3) and their infants were 1 to 12 months old ( M = 5.6 ± 3.5). The majority of mothers were married or cohabitating with their partner (71%), had a college degree (53%), and worked full-time (57%). Results: Hierarchical cluster analysis identified six racial identity clusters within the sample: Assimilated and Miseducated, Self-Hating, Anti-White, Multiculturalist, Low Race Salience, and Conflicted. A Kruskal-Wallis H test determined there was no difference in PPDS scores between racial identity clusters. Conclusion: This study is the first to explore the relationship between Black racial identity clusters of postpartum mothers and their mental health. Findings emphasize the complexity of Black racial identity and suggest that the current assessment tools may not adequately detect PPDS in Black mothers. The implications for these findings in nursing practice and future research are discussed.

Urban rejection of the vernacular: The SVS undone

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Dodsworth ◽  
Mary Kohn
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Acoustic Analysis ◽  
Dialect Contact ◽  
Economic Segregation ◽  
Technology Sector ◽  
Southern Vowel Shift ◽  
Regional Dialect ◽  
Vowel Shift ◽  
Conversational Interviews

AbstractIn Raleigh, North Carolina, a Southern U.S. city, five decades of in-migration of technology-sector workers from outside the South has resulted in large-scale contact between the local Southern dialect and non-Southern dialects. This paper investigates the speed and magnitude of the reversal of the Southern Vowel Shift (SVS) with respect to the five front vowels, using Trudgill's (1998) model of dialect contact as a framework. The data consist of conversational interviews with 59 white-collar Raleigh natives representing three generations, the first generation having reached adulthood before large-scale contact. Acoustic analysis shows that all vowels shift away from their Southern variants across apparent time. The leveling of SVS variants begins within the first generation to grow up after large-scale contact began, and contrary to predictions, this generation does not show wide inter- or intraspeaker variability. Previous studies of dialect contact and new dialect formation suggest that leveling of regional dialect features and the establishment of stable linguistic norms occurs more quickly when children have regular contact with one another. Dialect contact in Raleigh has occurred primarily within the middle and upper classes, the members of which are densely connected by virtue of schools and heavy economic segregation in neighborhood residence.

Backgrounds and behaviors: Which students successfully identify online resources in the face of container collapse

First Monday ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Cyr ◽  
Tara Tobin Cataldo ◽  
Brittany Brannon ◽  
Amy Buhler ◽  
Ixchel Faniel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graduate School ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Contextual Information ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Information Resources ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
Digital Environment ◽  
Visual Appearance ◽  
Demographic Traits ◽  
The Face

In a digital environment, students have difficulty determining whether an information resource comes from a book, magazine, journal, blog, or other container, and lose the contextual information that these containers provide. This study of students from primary through graduate school looks at their ability to identify the containers of information resources, and how this ability is affected by their demographic traits, the resource features they attended to, and their behaviors during a task-based simulation. The results indicate that correct container identification requires deep engagement with a resource. Those who attended to cues such as genre and source were better able to identify container, while those who paid attention to heuristics such as its visual appearance and URL were not. Demographic characteristics, including educational cohort and first-generation student status, also had an effect.

Muslims and the Crisis of British National Identity

2019 ◽  
pp. 221-243
Author(s):  
Martin Pugh
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Language Skills ◽  
Gradual Process ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face ◽  
British Muslims ◽  
Secular Society ◽  
Mainstream Society

This chapter demonstrates how, despite their experience of prejudice, Muslims became involved in a gradual process of integration into mainstream society; in this period they largely thought of themselves as ‘black’ or as Asians, rather than as Muslims. First-generation British Muslims had been fairly relaxed about social behaviour and religious observation. Meanwhile, the second generation of Muslims were not in Britain as temporary economic migrants, and consequently were less passive than their predecessors, more confident and aware of their opportunities and rights in Britain. For them, integration into mainstream society went hand in hand with an increasing assertiveness in the face of prejudice and an awareness of their identity as Anglo-Asians. By the 1980s and 1990s, the younger generation were becoming alienated from their parents due to familiarity with a secular society; many regarded the world of the mosque as boring. Muslims also began to reflect mainstream practice in other ways: more women in their twenties remained unmarried and, with their better language skills and qualifications, they were more likely to be in paid employment.

Ethnic-Racial Identity as a Source of Resilience and Resistance in the Context of Racism and Xenophobia

2021 ◽  
pp. 108926802110563
Author(s):  
Deborah Rivas-Drake ◽  
Bernardette J. Pinetta ◽  
Linda P. Juang ◽  
Abunya Agi
Keyword(s):  
Racial Identity ◽  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Identities ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Marginalized Youth ◽  
Racial Identities ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Face

How youth come to understand their social identities and their relation to others’ identities can have important implications for the future of our society. In this article, we focus on how ethnic-racial identities (ERI) can serve to promote (or hinder) collective well-being. We first describe the nature of change in ethnic-racial identities over the course of childhood and adolescence. We then delineate three pathways by which youths’ ERI can be a mechanism for productive intergroup relations and thereby collective well-being as a: (a) basis for understanding differences and finding commonalities across groups; (b) promotive and protective resource for marginalized youth; and (c) springboard for recognizing and disrupting marginalization. This article concludes with how youths’ ERI can be nurtured into a source of resilience and resistance in the face of racism and xenophobia. Moreover, we urge researchers to consider the role ERI plays in guiding youth to challenge and resist marginalization.

Can Republican African Americans Win African American Votes? A Field Experiment

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Niven
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Political Identity ◽  
National Committee ◽  
Preference Order ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Political Preference ◽  
Presidential Candidates ◽  
The Face

In the face of its 2012 defeat and looming demographic trends that did not bode well for the party’s future presidential candidates, the Republican National Committee officially declared its intention to recruit more African American candidates for office. But will fielding more African American candidates likely attract more African American votes for Republicans? Here, I employ a field experiment using real candidates and real votes cast in two down-ballot races featuring African American Republican candidates. Among voters who received mailings highlighting both race and party, African American voters responded primarily to party, in the process largely rejecting these two candidates. By contrast, African American voters responded more favorably when they learned the race, but not the party, of these candidates. The results here suggest something of a self-affirming political preference order in which African Americans felt affirmed by voting for a fellow African American, but only when they did not see that candidate as conflicting with a more central aspect of their political identity.

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