Europe as Social Practice: Towards an Interactive Approach to Modern European History

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnd Bauerkämper
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Spatial Dimension ◽  
European History ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Interactive Approach ◽  
Temporal Concepts ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe article starts with analyzing the inherent comparative frameworks influencing the way Europe is usually mapped with regard to historical regions. Such regions have been frequently devised in terms of dualistic spatial and temporal concepts contrasting central vs. peripheral and “progressive” vs. “backward” entities. Rejecting these concepts, the study advocates a reconsideration of the spatial dimension in terms of “entangled history”/history of transfers, becoming more sensitive to the complex interplay between different regions. At the same time, the author rejects the one-sided application of “entangled history” as it absolutizes the interaction and excludes the possibility of structural analyses of the differences between transmitting and recipient societies. Therefore, he pleads for a creative combination of the comparative method with the more recent methodological precepts stressing transnational interaction.

scholarly journals The road to happiness is the way to suffering

2021 ◽  
Vol 122 ◽  
pp. 04007
Author(s):  
Marina Alexandrovna Kindzerskaya ◽  
Tatyana Ivanovna Marmazova ◽  
Stanislav Alexandrovich Ruzanov ◽  
Pyotr Alekseevich Kostin ◽  
Ilona Vladislavovna Tarasova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Road ◽  
Systemic Analysis ◽  
Conscious Choice ◽  
History Of ◽  
Entire History ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Way

The article deals with the problem of a person’s conscious choice between happiness and suffering. At first glance, happiness and suffering are two different paths, and one should choose which road to take. On the one hand, suffering is an obstacle on the way to oneself, to a happy existence. On the other hand, one chooses suffering and happiness willingly, happiness is proportionate to suffering. One should not forget that existence has no meaning if it brings merely pain and dissatisfaction, so it is very important to strive to be happy. Throughout the entire history of humanity, the problem of happiness and the search for the best way to be released from suffering is a pressing issue. The relevance of the problem is determined by the particular significance of the concepts under study, because every person’s natural desire, regardless of the era and area of residence, is to be happy and free. The concepts of “happiness” and “suffering” are not only philosophical but also sociocultural phenomena that expound the axiological and spiritual and moral aspects of human existence. The study features quotes from thinkers of different ages and cultures that to an extent engaged in interpreting the content of the phenomena of happiness and suffering. The purpose of the study is to expound the sociocultural content of the phenomena of “happiness” and “suffering”, their causes, and the conditions for coexistence. The main methods of the study are the method of systemic analysis, the comparative method, and the typological method. The novelty of the study consists in the fact that the authors examine the phenomena of “happiness” and “suffering” together for the first time. Although the phenomena are an integral part of human activity.

scholarly journals The extent to which inscriptional evidence may serve as a source of "vulgar," i.e. spoken Latin

Linguistica ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Paul A. Gaeng
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
American Scholar ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Real Language ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The One ◽  
And Training

"Itis incumbent on Romance scholars to analyze and interpret their exceptionally full stock of linguistic material, using all methods of study at their disposal, working both backward and forward in time. Only thus will Romance linguistics be enabled to do what others expect of it: to serve not only as an end in itself but as a model and training-ground for workers in all fields of historical linguistics." Thus wrote the American scholar, Robert A. Hall, jr. some forty years ago in an essay on the recon­ struction of Proto-Romance. 1 Indeed, the researcher into the history of the Romance languages is faced with, on the one hand, the schemes of reconstruction (essentially based on the principles of the historical comparative method) and the often puzzling testimonies of reality found in the sources. Put in other terms, he has the choice of working with an abstract system represented by starred Latin forms that do not belong to any real language or the reality of the mass of postclassical written records that have come down to us to be analyzed and sifted through with a view to discovering evidences of trends toward Romance in phonology, morpho-syntax, and vocabulary. And while there are, no doubt, materials whose meaning in terms of future evolution of the Romance languages is difficult, if not impossible to discover, there is an abun­ dance of those that prelude the future. It is the attention to the future that, I believe, can give reality and life to the large number of forms collected from inscriptions, late writers, and other sources of so-called "Vulgar", i. e. non-literary Latin.

scholarly journals ‚Rasse‘ – zur sprachlichen Konstruktion einer Ausgrenzungsstrategie

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-183
Author(s):  
Anja Lobenstein-Reichmann
Keyword(s):  
Social Construction ◽  
Social Practice ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Biological Knowledge ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Way

Abstract Racism is a social practice not only of present days. It has a long tradition. Regarding the history of racism, it is obvious that its concept is not based on biological knowledge and perception. Quite the contrary, it is the result of a verbal and social construction that appeared in the 18th century at the latest. This article focuses on the way this construction was and still is implemented in discourses of modern societies. Especially “degradation ceremonies” (Garfinkel, below) will be taken into account when observing historical examples.

Violence and Hyperbole

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Naas
Keyword(s):  
Death Penalty ◽  
The Other ◽  
Subsequent Work ◽  
History Of ◽  
Philosophical Texts ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Way

The aim of this essay is to understand the underlying motivation behind Derrida’s initial objections to Foucault in his 1963 “Cogito and the History of Madness” and the way these objections anticipate so much of Derrida’s subsequent work. Beyond a disagreement over how to read a crucial moment in Descartes’ Meditations regarding the Cogito’s relation to madness, the “Cogito” essay provides a full-fledged theory of the relationship between history, language, and reason, on the one hand, and madness, silence, and death, on the other. Only through understanding this configuration is it possible to understand why Derrida would call Foucault’s The History of Madness not just a mistaken or misguided text but a “totalitarian” one. After outlining the reasons for Derrida’s strident critique of Foucault’s work on the basis of this underlying opposition between history and madness or reason and silence, Naas demonstrate how this same configuration is at work in early texts such as “Violence and Metaphysics,” right up through Derrida’s final seminars on The Beast and the Sovereign and, especially, The Death Penalty. Naas concludes by pointing out that while Derrida’s theoretical questions were always very different than Foucault’s, both thinkers ended up, curiously, on the same side in their critique of today’s carceral system and its forms of punishment. Only by taking into account both the similarities and the differences between Derrida and Foucault, in both their political positions and their philosophical texts, can we today really “do justice” to the history of their infamous debate.

scholarly journals Le rapport à la causa sui: de Plotin à Descartes par la médiation du débat entre Ficin et Pic

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-71
Author(s):  
Yvan Morin
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Innovation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epistemological Issue ◽  
The One ◽  
Metaphysical Principle ◽  
The Way

The conceptual innovation of the causa sui is supposed to have originated with Descartes, according to Marion. Narbonne claims to find it in Plotinus. By considering both the Ficinian resurgence of the corpus of Plotinus and the debate between Ficino and Pico, the history of this innovation may be traced and the essential epistemological issue identified. The latter varies according to the way in which the intellect is integrated with reason and humanized as a function of its relation, hitherto so changeable, with respect to the causa sui itself, as well as the metaphysical principle that grounds it: the One, Being, or indeed the Infinite, by which God reveals himself as creator.

scholarly journals The realistic and idealistic concept of substance: Kant and his predecessors

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-129
Author(s):  
Andrija Soc
Keyword(s):  
Thomas Aquinas ◽  
Philosophical Tradition ◽  
Philosophical System ◽  
Duns Scotus ◽  
Before And After ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
Continuity And Discontinuity ◽  
The Way

The main goal of this paper is to explore the continuity and discontinuity in how different philosophical systems understand the concept of substance. At the beginning of the paper, I draw a distinction between formal criteria for what it means to be a substance and the question of what satisfies those criteria. I then analyze Aristotle?s, medieval and modern views on substance in order to show that, in spite of other considerable differences among them, Aristotle, Thomas Aquinas, Duns Scotus, Descartes, Locke and Hume all identify the same criteria for being the substenc. The differences between them, I then claim, lie in the way they answer the question of what satisfies the criteria. The most radical conclusion, as will be clear, is drawn by Hume, who famously believes that there is nothing that really satisfies traditional formal criteria for substantiality. In the last part of the paper, I analyze Kant?s idealist view and show that it is his only within his philosophical system that we can find a complete break with the philosophical tradition and quite differing criteria for substantiality. It will be shown that, for Kant, substance is no longer something that should be the basis for the properties of objects that exist independently of us, but the way in which human cognitive powers understand some key aspects of the phenomenological domain of the knowable. The upshot of this discussion is that the history of the idea of substance can be divided on the period before and after Kant, where it is Kant, rather than Descartes, the one who truly diverges from the traditional philosophical pardigms about substance.

scholarly journals On the Way to Women's Citizenship in Russia: the 1860s-1917

Inter ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 92-111
Author(s):  
Irina Iukina
Keyword(s):  
Civil Rights ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
Gender Group ◽  
Historical Material ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

This article examines the development of Russian women's citizenship from the standpoint of the theory of citizenship and describes the main directions and milestones of its formation on the historical material. The article proves that the main subjects of the setting up of women's citizenship on the one hand are the women's, feminist, suffragist movement, which put the problems of its social (gender) group before the authorities and sought their solution. On the other hand, there are ‘broad masses of women’, i.e. women of various classes and social groups, who, by changing their daily practices, actually expanded their civil rights and duties. The History of Russian Women as a historical discipline in recent years has accumulated significant factual material about various aspects of the life of Russian women, which made possible such a historical and sociological analysis of the phenomenon of women's citizenship in Russia.

Diversity: Religions and the Study of Religion

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 199-218
Author(s):  
Gerhard Van Den Heever
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
The Political ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Many ◽  
The One ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
The Way

AbstractIn this essay an overview of the theoretical issues pertaining to the collection of essays assembled is given. Addressing the issue of dizversity in religions and in the study of religion the argument is made that religions as lived phenomena constitute discursive formations in which diversity as a problem is an index of encounter. However it is especially the way this strategy of reducing the many to the one in the history of theorising religion that comes in view. In this context, the political nature of religion as discourse and the discourse of the study of religion is discussed with particular reference to the history of Christianisation of South Africa, religion in education, and the history of theorising religion.

scholarly journals Context, Intention and Historical Understanding

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 5-12
Author(s):  
Gábor Szécsi
Keyword(s):  
History Of Ideas ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Understanding ◽  
Linguistic Communication ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The Way

The aim of this article is to indicate how a version of intentionalist theory of linguistic communication can be adapted as a part of a contextualist methodology of the history of ideas. In other words, we attempt to clear up the way of harmonizing the theory that communication takes place when a hearer/reader grasps an utterer’s intention with the methodological conception according to which a historian of ideas must concentrate his attention on the context in which in his past author was writing. This article argues that a plausible solution to this problem is suggested in some influential methodological essays by Quentin Skinner. Therefore we shall discuss, on the one hand, the place of an intentionalist model of communication in Skinner’s methodology by providing a brief outline of the main theses of contextualism and intentionalism. On the other hand, we deal with some epistemological problems raised by the application of contextualist method. In particular, we consider the questions that can be raised about the manner in which a historian can grasp an author’s intention.

scholarly journals Anders Sørensen Vedels Marsk Stig-håndskrift. To kommentarer til Svend Clausens afhandling i Fund og Forskning 55, 2016

2017 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Ivan Boserup ◽  
Karsten Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Folk Songs ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Strong Focus ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of The University ◽  
The One ◽  
The University ◽  
Made In ◽  
The Way

Ivan Boserup & Karsten Christensen: Anders Sørensen Vedel’s manuscript about Marshal Stig. Two comments on Svend Clausen’s thesis in Fund og Forskning 55, 2016 Svend Clausen has in vol. 55 of Fund og Forskning called attention to a lost and “forgotten” parchment manuscript described by Anders Sørensen Vedel in 1595 as “The History of Marshal Stig” containing key documents related to the trial which followed the assassination in Finderup Grange of King Eric V ‘Glipping’ of Denmark (1259–1286). Clausen’s evidence consists of registrations of manuscripts known only through their titles, which had been available to the Danish historians Anders Sørensen Vedel (1542–1616), Niels Krag (1550–1602), and Jon Jakobsen ‘Venusinus’ (1563–1608), but appear ultimately to have burned in the fire of Copenhagen in 1728. The sources referred to by Clausen were published in one case by H. F. Rørdam in 1874, in all other cases in the appendix to S. Birket Smith’s History of the University Library of Copenhagen, 1882, reprinted 1982. Apparently inspired by a casual remark made in 1891 by the then very young historian Mouritz Mackeprang, Svend Clausen argues that despite the lack of extant copies and quotations etc., the manuscript’s supposedly exclusively judicial contents and allegedly very considerable volume reveal the “existence” of such an important source that future research on the background and consequences of the royal assassination must take much more account of this lost source than has been the case until now. Reviewing Svend Clausen’s arguments, Ivan Boserup corrects Rørdam’s and Clausen’s incomplete reading of the source on which the latter builds his identification of Vedel’s manuscript with descriptions of a lost manuscript “Concerning King Eric [Glipping],” and rejects Clausen’s interpretation of “… cum adversariis ac diversis” (Clausen seems unaware of the literary concept of adversaria), on which all his further arguments are based. From his professional standpoint as a historian, Karsten Christensen refers to Vedel’s strong focus on Marshal Stig in his collection of One Hundred Danish Folk Songs (publ. 1591), to Vedel’s idiosyncratic manner of describing his manuscripts from the point of view of his own main interests, and to the fact that in contrast to the Jens Grand trial held before the Pope in Rome in 1296, one should not expect written actiones to have been delivered at the meeting of the Danish grandees in Nyborg Castle in 1286 subsequent to the murder of Eric Glipping. Christensen therefore suggests that it is much more probable that the manuscript referred to in Vedel’s registration refers to a lost manuscript that, contrary to the one associated by Svend Clausen with Vedel’s lost manuscript, can be followed closely all the way up to 1728, and the contents of which have been detailed by the historian Stephanus Stephanius (1599–1650).

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