Politics as Architectonic Expertise? Against Taking the So-called ‘Architect’ (ἀρχιτέκτων) in Plato’s Statesman to Prefigure this Aristotelian View

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-467
Author(s):  
Melissa Lane
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Political Knowledge ◽  
Political Expertise ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
In Virtue Of ◽  
Alternative Reading

Abstract This article rejects the claim made by other scholars that Plato in the Statesman, by employing the so-called ‘architect’ (ὁ ἀρχιτέκτων) in one of the early divisions leading to the definition of political expertise, prefigured and anticipated the architectonic conception of political expertise advanced by Aristotle. It argues for an alternative reading in which Plato in the Statesman, and in the only other of his works (Gorgias) in which the word appears, closely tracks the existing social role of the architektōn, who was designated as such only in virtue of appointment by a city to a role that was crucially defined as epitactic, involving overseeing the workers on site engaged in constructing some civic building works. It is this epitactic dimension of the role on which Plato relies in the Statesman, as opposed to the kind of claim to overarching integrative expertise that Aristotle would use the figure of architectonic political knowledge to make.

Statecraft as a Ruling, Caring, and Weaving dunamis

2021 ◽  
pp. 195-216
Author(s):  
Melissa Lane
Keyword(s):  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Explicit Reference ◽  
Political Expertise ◽  
Definition Of

Chapter 10 focusses on Statesman 303d4-305e7 and considers the Visitor’s seemingly three definitions of statecraft in the dialogue: 305c10-d5, 305e2-6, and 311b7-c7. By focusing on the role of the dunamis of given forms of expertise, and the metaphorical method of smelting metals at work in this section of the dialogue, it argues that a definition of statecraft (hē politikē) as ruling, caring, and weaving is reached in 305e2-6 and then fleshed out in 311b7-c7 by the explication of the ergon (task) which it is the role of that dunamis to accomplish. This is broadly consonant with a passage in Republic 5 identifying any given dunamis in terms of that over which it is set and what it accomplishes (apergazetai), a schema filled out in the Statesman by explicit reference to the ergon of a dunamis (305c4-5). Political expertise is not a passive body of knowledge but rather actively and precisely organized toward the realization of its distinctive task.

Good news, bad news, and fake news

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Buschman
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Good News ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Theoretical Understanding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Definition Of

PurposeLibrary and Information Science (LIS) has seen an explosion of responses to fake news in the aftermath of the 2016 US election, political in nature, eschewing “neutrality” supporting democracy. The purpose of this paper is to trace the definition of fake news, the challenges, the roots of recent respondes to fake news, notes that the theoretical understanding of democracy must keep pace with these efforts.Design/methodology/approachConceptual analysis of the LIS literature concerning fake news and its underlying themes; unpacking of actually existing democracy, re-linked to LIS practices.FindingsDemocracy does not require a space cleared of distorting claims but spaces suited to grappling with them, a call to address fake news, and not simply a matter of clearing up information sources; librarians should prepared to engage at the next level. Libraries stand for the proposition that there is more-true information which is worth accessing, organizing, etc., and for inclusion. Whether explicitly political or not, the imaginative uses to which libraries are put do enrich civil society and the public sphere. Libraries help to counter fake news both through specific educative actions aimed at it and as broadly educative institutions with a coherent notion of their relationship to informational discernment in democracy.Originality/valueLIS discourse on fake news has value, and references democracy, but assumes a set of traditional relationships between informing, libraries and democracy. This paper goes at both the lesser role of informing and highlights the (arguably) greater social role of libraries in democratic society.

Multi-Criteria Optimization in Forest Exploitation

2014 ◽  
Vol 694 ◽  
pp. 549-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuriy Vladimirovitch Lebedev ◽  
Valery Pavlovitch Anufriev ◽  
Vladimir Vladimirovitch Belov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Management ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Resource Potential ◽  
Forest Exploitation ◽  
Definition Of

In the article the multi-criteria approach at optimization of environmental management is considered as a part of the scientific basis of sustainable development of territories. The results of research of theory and practice of forest exploitation optimization in the Central Ural are presented. The basic principles of purpose formulation, of general analysis, of justification of optimization criteria and selection of methods of solving the tasks of environmental management (forest exploitation) optimization are revealed. On the basis of these scientific researches the principles of disclosure of uncertainty of optimum decisions in one-criteria tasks of forest exploitation are formulated; the mechanism of optimization by criterion of minimax risk that allows avoiding big losses of the environmental potential of forests is shown. The principles of definition of an optimum variant of forest exploitation according to reasonable concessions to extreme values of criteria of using the resource potential, preservation of environmental functions and a social role of forests are revealed.

scholarly journals The Formation of Lecturer’s Professional Image in Higher Education Institution

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktoriia Luhova ◽  
Hanna Chumak
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Normative Documents ◽  
Teacher Professional ◽  
Professional Image ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Definition Of

The article is devoted to the research of modern approaches definition the essence of the lecturer’s professional image and factors of its formation in higher education institutions. The essence  concept of the lecturer’s professional image is revealed The characteristic features of the lecturer’s professional image are presented. It is determined that the lecturer’s professional image is a certain image of the teacher's personality, which is formed by him consciously or unconsciously in the process of interpersonal interaction with colleagues, students, leadership, society. The preconditions formation of lecturer’s professional image are considered. It is formed as a result of the interaction of the teacher's personality (the totality of his motives, interests, orientation, socio-psychological features, the I-concept, the available knowledge, skills and abilities), the requirements of the profession (necessary for the social role of the teacher of knowledge, skills and abilities, psychological qualities and peculiarities of the teacher's behavior) and the target audience. The role of self-presentation in shaping a professional image is revealed. The approaches of domestic and foreign scientists to the definition of components of the teacher's image are investigated. The components of the professional image of the teacher, which are external (greedy), reputation, competence, communication, personal, are substantiated. The necessity of declaring requirements to the lecturer’s professional image  in normative documents of higher education institutions is proved. The article analyzes the existence of a normative provision for the formation of a teacher's image in higher education institutions in Ukraine. The lack of documentation in most higher education institutions that regulates the ethical behavior of the teacher and his image is revealed. The ethical codes of the teacher and their analogues concerning the availability of requirements concerning the components of the image of scientific and pedagogical workers are considered. A number of drawbacks have been identified, namely: mainly the codes reflect the requirements for teacher professional skills and ethical academic behavior, and the appearance of teachers in most documents is devoted insufficient attention. This requires continuation of work in this direction, which consists in the elaboration of an improved draft Code of Professional Ethics and Organizational Culture of Workers.

scholarly journals Vivienda para estudiantes indígenas: permanencia, representatividad y proceso de proyecto participativo

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (60) ◽  
pp. 28-47
Author(s):  
Ricardo Socas-Wiese ◽  
Eneldo Fernanda Machado ◽  
Alice Hammerschmitt da Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Physical Models ◽  
Public Higher Education ◽  
Human Diversity ◽  
Indigenous Students ◽  
The Social ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The University

This article presents the project process adopted for the design of indigenous student housing at the Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil, and discusses its impact both on the formative process of architecture and urbanism students, regarding the experiences of indigenous students at the University. Aside from the relevance of that architecture as support for the permanence of students in public higher education, its importance as a symbol of shelter and respect for indigenous peoples at the university stands out. For this purpose, a participatory project was built that began with dialogues stages with indigenous students at the university and interactions with one of the ethnicities involved in its traditional territory (its village), for the definition of project guidelines and the needs’ program. Subsequently, for the proposal’s presentation and discussion, experiences were gathered in the proposed area for the project’s implementation and the physical models and drawings were presented, which were used to facilitate dialogue and participation of Indigenous students in the project process. The article presents the path followed, the spatial results of this process, the perceptions of the future users of the space, and reflections on the importance of outreach actions in the training of professionals in the area of architecture and urbanism, valuing the social role of the profession, and building a more sensitive projective repertoire, prepared to consider the human diversity that contemporaneity constitutes.

scholarly journals Re-defining the Role of Interactive Architecture in Social Relationships

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina Boychenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Equal Rights ◽  
Change Behavior ◽  
Interactive Architecture ◽  
Interactive Environment ◽  
Definition Of

With rapid advance of new technologies and mediated built space has shifted from a static context of functions serving users to a new participant of social relationships. Interactive abilities and computational power allow built space to become smart, dynamic, and interactive, gaining agency, able to receive information and think, perceive and learn, respond and change behavior in real time. This paper considers architectural components and users as participants of a social network and investigates their agency within this network, modes of interaction and how the components of this system influence each other. Perception of space within or outside of the building body has become a derivative of interaction between the space and the users, and therefore subject to design and programming by architects. The principal goal of this paper is to investigate the new definition of social role of interactive architecture and explain how it communicates with users, investigate the new properties it has and how does it influence users' behavior and space awareness. It reveals the importance of bi-directional communication between society and interactive environment. Interactive space works as a mirror, reflecting social and cultural context, or a double-sided mirror allowing interactive environment to observe users and decide how to act in accordance with these observations. Within the framework of this discourse, architectural components and people are treated as agents of one socio-technical network with equal rights and agency. It considers both human and non-human elements equally as actors within a network, employing the same analytical and descriptive methodology to all actors within a heterogeneous network.

scholarly journals Il libro verde delle foreste lombarde: desideri, attese, proposte

2020 ◽  
pp. 185-194
Author(s):  
Enrico Calvo ◽  
Roberto Cremaschi ◽  
Alessandro Rapella
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
Forest Sector ◽  
Strategic Objectives ◽  
Governance Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Regional Project ◽  
Green Book ◽  
Definition Of

The Green Book of the Lombard Forests is the result of a participation initiative promoted by ERSAF to gather ideas, contributions and proposals to re-launch at the regional level a perspective of reflection and development of the forest sector. In highlighting the importance of the social role of forest resources, the document identifies: - the main priority themes today priority for Lombard forests and their role in society; - the governance model that allows the effective involvement of each level of interest in a framework of common objectives, roles assumed with responsibility and shared rules; - the strategic objectives of the coming years; - possible guidelines and definition of possible large areas of regional project, for which to define priorities and resources.

scholarly journals ON THE CONCEPT OF THE FUNCTIONS OF THE STATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-23
Author(s):  
M.M. Magdilov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
The State ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Russian State ◽  
Direct Formation ◽  
Points Of View ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Individual

The article is devoted to the analysis of the main approaches to the concept of the functions of the state, since this issue is among the fundamental and debatable ones related to the essence of the state, has an applied significance, allows us to accurately determine the nature of the state's activities, the development of its priorities at the present stage. The main conclusion made by the authors is that there are many points of view on this issue and a fairly large number of different approaches to the consideration and definition of the functions of the state, which is quite natural, based on the complexity and versatility of the issue under consideration. The priority is a systematic integrative approach to understanding the activities of the Russian state, the problem of the correlation of the interests of the state, society and the individual, which arise both in the process of direct formation of the functions of the state, and their changes in the process of historical development, determined by the general social role of the state.

Challenges of Fear Conditioning Research in the Age of RDoC

2017 ◽  
Vol 225 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina B. Lonsdorf ◽  
Jan Richter
Keyword(s):  
Fear Conditioning ◽  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Major Focus ◽  
The Future ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Considerations ◽  
Research Domain

Abstract. As the criticism of the definition of the phenotype (i.e., clinical diagnosis) represents the major focus of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative, it is somewhat surprising that discussions have not yet focused more on specific conceptual and procedural considerations of the suggested RDoC constructs, sub-constructs, and associated paradigms. We argue that we need more precise thinking as well as a conceptual and methodological discussion of RDoC domains and constructs, their interrelationships as well as their experimental operationalization and nomenclature. The present work is intended to start such a debate using fear conditioning as an example. Thereby, we aim to provide thought-provoking impulses on the role of fear conditioning in the age of RDoC as well as conceptual and methodological considerations and suggestions to guide RDoC-based fear conditioning research in the future.

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