Political Dynasties and Economic Development: Evidence using Nighttime Light in the Philippines

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 215-261
Author(s):  
Ludigil Garces ◽  
Karl Jandoc ◽  
Mary Grace Lu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Political Competition ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Weak Institutions ◽  
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program ◽  
Nighttime Light Data ◽  
Nighttime Light ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Political dynasties, by limiting political competition, are thought to exacerbate corruption, poverty, and abuse of power. This paper examines the economic effects of the presence of political dynasties in Philippine cities and municipalities, taking into account possible channels in the local dynastic cycle – the framework in which politicians try to balance their goals to perform well for their constituents, to divert resources for personal gain, and to continue to be in power. Due to the lack of extensive income accounts or other economic indicators in finer geographical units (i.e., city or municipality level), we use the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) nighttime light data as our proxy for economic activity. Using a panel of Philippine municipalities and cities, we find that, in general, the relationship of political dynasties on economic performance is weak. However, we find that a higher share of economic expenditures leads to lower economic development in municipalities where the mayor, governor, and congressman belong to the same clan. We see this as an indication of weak institutions of checks and balances in localities with dynasties.

Estimating Provincial Economic Development Level of China Using DMSP/OLS Nighttime Light Satellite Imagery

2013 ◽  
Vol 807-809 ◽  
pp. 1903-1908 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Tang ◽  
Hui Cheng ◽  
Ge Qu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Satellite Imagery ◽  
Regional Economic Development ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Regional Economic ◽  
Development Level ◽  
Nighttime Light Data ◽  
Cubic Model ◽  
Nighttime Light ◽  
Development Levels

How to estimate regional economic development level is important for solving regional inequality problems. Most of previous studies on regional economic development are based on the statistics collected typically in administrative units. This paper has analyzed the defects of traditional studies, and attempted to research regional economic development problems with 10-year DMSP/OLS nighttime light satellite imagery as a new data source. For exploring the relationship between DMSP/OLS nighttime light data and GDP, different types of curve fitting regression models have been tried, the Cubic model has shown the best performance with a coefficient of determination (R2) equal to 0.803. Based on this positive correlation, we have estimated provincial economic development level of China using DMSP/OLS nighttime light data. The research results have indicated that the DMSP/OLS nighttime light data can well reveal provincial economic development levels.

scholarly journals Influence of Industry-University Cooperation on Economic Development: A Mathematical Statistical Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Xiaodi Xu ◽  
Yongfeng Zhu ◽  
Liuyang Xu ◽  
Zilong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Technical Innovation ◽  
Nighttime Light Data ◽  
Important Means ◽  
Nighttime Light ◽  
University Cooperation ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Technical innovation is an important means to achieve sustainable development. Industry-university cooperation is a new form of technological innovation. Most of the existing researches on industry-university cooperation focus on the analysis of industry-university cooperation models, but there are few researches on the examination of the relationship between industry-university cooperation and economic development. Using the spatial autocorrelation and spatial measurement model, the relationship between China’s industry-university cooperation and economic development was empirically investigated. The results indicate that, first, the nighttime light data could be used as a proxy variable for GDP data to characterize China’s economic development. Second, industry-university cooperation had a positive effect on China’s economic development. Third, industry-university cooperation affected China’s economic development through technological innovation.

Measuring the regional non-observed economy in China with nighttime lights

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Menggen Chen ◽  
Shuai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Middle Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Nighttime Lights ◽  
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program ◽  
Nighttime Light Data ◽  
Nighttime Light ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Meteorological Satellite

PurposeThe non-observed economy (NOE) is a pervasive phenomenon worldwide, especially in developing countries, but the size of the NOE and its contributions to the overall economy are usually unknown. This paper presents an estimation of the average size of the NOE for the 31 provincial regions in China between 1992 and 2013.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program/Operational Linescan System (DMSP/OLS) nighttime light data combined with 11 existing surveys on or measurements of NOE for 191 countries or regions throughout the world, to measure the size of the NOE.FindingsThe results show that the NOE share is unevenly distributed among China's provincial regions, with the smallest being 3.19% for Beijing and the largest being 69.71% for Ningxia. The national average is 43.11%, while the figures for the eastern region, middle region, northeastern region and western region are 39.3%, 47.6%, 44.7% and 43.6%, respectively. The NOE estimates are negatively correlated with the measured gross domestic product (GDP) and GDP per capita, which suggests that developed regions tend to have less NOE.Originality/valueThe nighttime lights are used to measure the NOE for China's provincial regions. Compared with traditional databases, one of the prominent features of nighttime lights is its objectivity, as there is little human interference; therefore, it can be used to achieve more accurate results.

scholarly journals Identifying and Correcting Signal Shift in DMSP-OLS Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 2219
Author(s):  
Konstantin Ash ◽  
Kevin Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Recent Analysis ◽  
Control Points ◽  
Public Goods Provision ◽  
Defense Meteorological Satellite Program ◽  
Nighttime Light Data ◽  
Nighttime Light ◽  
Social Scientific ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Meteorological Satellite ◽  
Scientific Fields

Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) nighttime light data has become a key tool of the environmental and social scientific fields, but suffers from several validity problems. We highlight one such problem—shifts in the digital number position in DMSP-OLS composites in the same satellite. We present techniques for identifying the problem, using moving window raster correlation and visual inspection, and for solving the problem, by assigning control points and manually shifting raster positions. To illustrate the importance of accounting for signal shift, we re-examine a recent analysis of the relationship between public goods provision and patterns of violence in the 2011 Syrian uprising and ensuing civil war. We find the statistical results change considerably when correcting for signal shift. We attribute this change to the systematic undercounting of light intensity in heavily populated areas. We close by identifying the types of research that would most benefit from our correction and suggest future refinements to our technique through automation.

scholarly journals How Data-Poor Countries Remain Data Poor: Underestimation of Human Settlements in Burkina Faso as Observed from Nighttime Light Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magnus Andersson ◽  
Ola Hall ◽  
Maria Francisca Archila
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Burkina Faso ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
High Light Intensity ◽  
Careful Consideration ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Nighttime Light Data ◽  
Nighttime Light

The traditional ways of measuring global sustainable development and economic development schemes and their progress suffer from a number of serious shortcomings. Remote sensing and specifically nighttime light has become a popular supplement to official statistics by providing an objective measure of human settlement that can be used as a proxy for population and economic development measures. With the increased availability and use of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Operational Linescan System (DMSP-OLS) and data in social science, it has played an important role in data collection, including measuring human development and economic growth. Numerous studies are using nighttime light data to analyze dynamic regions such as expansions of urban areas and rapid industrialization often highlight the problem of saturation in urban centers with high light intensity. However, the quality of nighttime light data and its appropriateness for analyzing areas and regions with low and fluctuating levels of light have rarely been questioned or studied. This study examines the accuracy of DMSP-OLS and VIIRS-DNB by analyzing 147 communities in Burkina Faso to provide insights about problems related to the study of areas with a low intensity of nighttime light during the studied period from 1992 to 2012. It found that up to 57% of the communities studied were undetectable throughout the period, and only 9% of communities studied had a 100% detection rate. Unsurprisingly, the result provides evidence that detection rates in both datasets are particularly low (3%) for settlements with 0–9999 inhabitants, as well as for larger settlements with population of 10,000–24,999 (28%). Cross-checking with VIIRS-DNB for the year 2012 shows similar results. These findings suggest that careful consideration must be given to the use of nighttime light data in research and global comparisons to monitor the progress of the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals, especially when including developing countries with areas containing low electrification rates and low population density.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF RELATIONSHIP OF THE EMPLOYED POPULATION IN THE ECONOMY AND THE RATE OF CRIMES IN THE REGIONS AS A MANIFESTATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM

2021 ◽  
pp. 78-83
Author(s):  
E. M. Yankevich
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social And Economic Development ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Annual Population ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The system of interaction between the tourism sector and the dynamics of socio-economic indicators in the regions of Belarus is considered, the relationship between the change in the number of served organized tourists over 5 years and individual indicators of the socio-economic development of regions, such as the average annual population employed in the economy, the number of registered crimes, is estimated. It is substantiated that the change and relationship of these indicators predetermines an increase in human living standards in all territories (destination), which contributes to the balance between the social and economic development of the country.

The Contributions of the political economy approach: An analysis of Socio-economic development in Indonesia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Falih Suaedi ◽  
Muhmmad Saud
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
The Political ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Socio Economic Development ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Political Economy Approach

This article explores in what ways political economy as an analytical framework for developmental studies has contributed to scholarships on Indonesian’s contemporary discourse of development. In doing so, it reviews important scholarly works on Indonesian political and economic development since the 1980s. The argument is that given sharp critiques directed at its conceptual and empirical utility for understanding changes taking place in modern Indonesian polity and society, the political economy approach continues to be a significant tool of research specifically in broader context of comparative politics applied to Indonesia and other countries in Southeast Asia. The focus of this exploration, however, has shifted from the formation of Indonesian bourgeoisie to the reconstitution of bourgeois oligarchy consisting of the alliance between the politico-bureaucratic elite and business families. With this in mind, the parallel relationship of capitalist establishment and the development of the state power in Indonesia is explainable.<br>

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