Opium) in the CCP’s Northwestern Shanxi Base Area during the War of Resistance against Japan (晋西北抗日根据地的特货贸易

Rural China ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-206
Keyword(s):  
Financial System ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Fiscal Crisis ◽  
Base Area ◽  
The People ◽  
War Of Resistance ◽  
Severe Penalty

Opium cultivation and trading in the CCP-controlled base areas during the War of Resistance against Japan (1937–1945) has been a subject of historical research in recent years, thanks to the availability of a large amount of original documents from Shanxi Provincial Archives, published compilations of source material, the memoirs of relevant individuals, and other documents, which reveal the facts about the “special commodity” or opium in the Northwestern Shanxi (or Shanxi-Suiyuan) base area. This article argues that the organized and planned opium cultivation and trading, as the last resort to solving its fiscal crisis in a particular circumstance, was subject to the base area government’s strict policies of the separation of cultivation from smoking prohibition, unified procurement and sales, and severe penalty on opium smuggling. These policies worked to safeguard the solvency of the base area’s entire fiscal and financial system while protecting the people of the base area from the harm caused by opium.近些年来抗日根据地及解放区特货（又称“鸦片”）种植与贸易问题受到学界关注，而山西省档案馆所藏大量原始档案资料及先前出版的某些资料汇编、个人回忆文本等历史文献，均证明了晋西北（晋绥）抗日根据地特货存在的基本事实。不过，这种有组织有计划的种植与贸易是特定生存环境下的无奈选择，边区政府在此过程中严格执行“种禁”（即种植与禁止吸食）分离、统购统销、重惩走私的政策，既保障了整个财政金融体系得以运行又使根据地境内百姓免遭烟毒之害。 (This article is in Chinese.)

scholarly journals "Gardez-vous-en bien ... de la brochure"

1970 ◽  
Vol 69 ◽  
pp. 233-248
Author(s):  
Michiel Van Dam
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Political Culture ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Ancien Regime ◽  
Political Language ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ancien Régime ◽  
Social Upheaval

At the end of the eighteenth century, the Austrian Netherlands were plagued by politicalturmoil and social upheaval, brought forth by a reaction against the reformatory movementset up by the Habsburg government. The contestation of Joseph II's reformist policywas performed in public, as the region was flooded with polemical pamphlets, ideologicaltreatises and many other types of popular writings during (but also before and after) theperiod of the Brabant Revolution (1787-1789). Pamphlets have stood at the centre ofattention for historiography on Belgian political culture at the end of the ancien régime,yet this wide employment of the source material has not led to a comparative overview ofthe way these writings have been used in historical research. This article will attempt tofill this gap, by first providing a methodological typology of several historiographicaluses of a particular pamphlet, the Manifeste du Peuple Brabançon, written at the end of1789, and signed by the leader of the conservative opposition, Hendrik Van der Noot.Secondly, I will attempt to show how eighteenth-century pamphleteers used a multitudeof discourses at their disposal, by briefly discussing another set of (pre-revolutionary)pamphlets. This has immediate consequences for the current understanding of eighteenth-centuryBrabant political culture, which, so I argue, should not be considered discursivelymonolithic (containing one political language) but pluralist (containing multiple politicallanguages).

scholarly journals Naked eye: memoirs and diaries as a historical source material for studying the history of Belarusian press in the Second Polish Republic.

2020 ◽  
pp. 435-444
Author(s):  
Nadzeya Sluka
Keyword(s):  
Source Material ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Historical Source ◽  
Naked Eye ◽  
Unique Information ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
National Movement ◽  
History Of

The article deals with the particular kind of documentary sources for the history of the Belarusians in the Second Polish Republic – memoirs and diaries. The memoirs of Liudvika Vojcik, Janka Bagdanowič, Marjan Pieciukievič, and also the diaries of Maksim Tank and Piotr Siaŭruk are reviewed. The article concludes that personal writings provide unique information about the Belarusian national movement and the Belarusian press that can be applied in further historical research.  

FinTech and Its Disruption to Financial Institutions

2019 ◽  
pp. 104-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Financial System ◽  
The People ◽  
Technology Advancement ◽  
Current Stage

This chapter studies how FinTech is transforming traditional financial institutions (FIs). This chapter achieves the four related goals. First, it discusses the current stage of FinTech development in different areas such as crowdfunding, payment, blockchain, and cryptocurrency. Second, it examines how each FinTech development affects traditional FIs, in both positive and negative ways. Third, it explores how FIs are currently managing FinTech innovations. It also suggests ways through which these institutions could best utilize FinTech to better serve their customers and eventually optimize the overall financial system. Finally, following the book's focus on man's role at the center of technology advancement, this chapter discusses whether FIs' customers' needs are still placed at the center of FIs' incentives to adapt new technology, and if not, how can we focus back to the people that the financial system ultimately serves.

FinTech and Its Disruption to Financial Institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1679-1699
Author(s):  
Chen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Financial Institutions ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Financial System ◽  
The People ◽  
Technology Advancement ◽  
Current Stage

This chapter studies how FinTech is transforming traditional financial institutions (FIs). This chapter achieves the four related goals. First, it discusses the current stage of FinTech development in different areas such as crowdfunding, payment, blockchain, and cryptocurrency. Second, it examines how each FinTech development affects traditional FIs, in both positive and negative ways. Third, it explores how FIs are currently managing FinTech innovations. It also suggests ways through which these institutions could best utilize FinTech to better serve their customers and eventually optimize the overall financial system. Finally, following the book's focus on man's role at the center of technology advancement, this chapter discusses whether FIs' customers' needs are still placed at the center of FIs' incentives to adapt new technology, and if not, how can we focus back to the people that the financial system ultimately serves.

scholarly journals Archives as Information Infrastructure and Their Urgency Towards Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
L Nurdin
Keyword(s):  
Primary Source ◽  
Information Infrastructure ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Research Development ◽  
Social Actors ◽  
Historical Materials ◽  
The People ◽  
Qualitative Descriptive ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Descriptive Method

This research was conducted to investigate archives as information infrastructure in research. This term is used because archives are seen as the primary source for research. Thus, it is very fundamental and urgent for researchers regarding the data to be used and their accuracy is reliable. The research used a qualitative descriptive method in the frame of a constructivist approach in reading the phenomena of UIN Sunan Kalijaga Archives. Data collection was carried out using three main techniques, namely interview, observation, and documentation. The results of the study found three important issues related to the existence of archives as information infrastructure on research, i.e. archives as a means of historical preservation, primary document, and research development capital. As a curator of history, it seems that its function is very important in historical research because its birth was not intended to produce historical materials, but was born by itself following the interaction of the people. As a primary document, archives are important because they were born simultaneously with events, not from the stories of social actors. As for the framework of research development capital, archives are a source that has a high degree of accuracy, so that its function in research is very important to produce qualified research.

scholarly journals Financial Inclusion, Awareness, and Understanding of Financial Products among People Selected Gewogs (Blocks) of Bhutan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11S2) ◽  
pp. 485-494
Keyword(s):  
Financial Services ◽  
Financial System ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Financial Inclusion ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Financial Products ◽  
The People ◽  
Survey Finding

The financial products that are being offered by the banks in the contemporary era are significant to enhance the primary objective of the banks that is, ‘Financial Inclusion’ (FI). However, due to umpteen reasons, the banks in many countries have failed streamlining the poor and the majority of the rural folk. Bhutan is not an exception as it is in a landlocked country. The Survey finding (2013) depicted a smaller share of Bhutanese involvement in the formal financial system (48%) whereas larger percentage of them involved in informal financial system. Further, the present Governor of Royal Monetary Authority (The central bank of the country), Dasho Penjor in his discussion on the review of His Majesty’s address on 109th National day Celebration in Trongsa stated that the majority of the rural folks are unable to avail banking services extended by the formal institutions. Besides, financial services can be availed by mass only when banks and other financial institutions run some awareness programmes. There are a few literature on FI in Bhutan in general; however literature on the awareness and understanding of financial products of the people are minimal in the country. The present study, therefore, investigates the scenario of FI along with awareness and understanding of financial products of commercial banks among Bhutanese in four Gewogs (Blocks) of the country that is, Bongo, Chapcha, Darla and Samphelling. The structured questionnaire was designed and primary data from 378 respondents were collected. Further, various articles and papers published in survey findings, magazines, and journal articles are used as secondary data sources of the study. The collected data have been tabulated, analysed, and interpreted with the help of Descriptive statistics, Independent t-test and Analyses of Variance (ANOVA).

scholarly journals Voices that Matter?

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-137
Author(s):  
Josephine Hoegaerts
Keyword(s):  
Sound Studies ◽  
Source Material ◽  
Historical Research ◽  
Practical Approach ◽  
Interdisciplinary Methods ◽  
Business Meetings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bodily Practice ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
The Voice

How do we thoroughly historicize the voice, or integrate it into our historical research, and how do we account for the mundane daily practices of voice . . . the constant talking, humming, murmuring, whispering, and mumbling that went on off stage, in living rooms, debating clubs, business meetings, and on the streets? Work across the humanities has provided us with approaches to deal with aspects of voices, vocality, and their sounds. This article considers how we can mobilize and adapt such interdisciplinary methods for the study of history. It charts out a practical approach to attend to the history of voices—including unmusical ones—before recording, drawing on insights from the fields of sound studies, musicology, and performativity. It suggests ways to “listen anew” to familiar sources as well as less conventional source material. And it insists on a combination of analytical approaches focusing on vocabulary, bodily practice, and the questionable particularity of sound.

scholarly journals Accounting and fiscal impact of the micro and small companies of Huejutla of Reyes Hidalgo

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-28
Author(s):  
Carmina Romero-Escudero / ◽  
Laura Leticia Herrero-Vázquez ◽  
Abraham Espinosa-Hernandez ◽  
Claudia Eunice Rivera-Morales
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Method ◽  
General Public ◽  
Financial System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Small Companies ◽  
Fiscal Impact ◽  
The People ◽  
Food Sales ◽  
Qualitative Part

The topic "Accounting and Fiscal Impact of Micro and Small Companies of Huejutla of Reyes, Hgo, was applied for its study to the food sales sector, the objective of this research is to understand the behavior of SMEs when using an accounting and fiscal regulation, for this research the mixed method was applied, for the qualitative part it was necessary to have a closer approach with the owners. and for the quantitative part, 314 surveys were applied with the support of 33 students. INEGI 2015 mentions that there are 394 food sales businesses, among the most outstanding data we find that of the 314 companies, 300 are micro-companies, that 74% of the people have not formalized their business, in relation to the IMSS 92% do not has its company registered and 8% registered is equivalent to 69 workers, 75% express that they do not know that the deposits reflected in the financial system cause taxes, 85% do not invoice the general public. In general, the results show a profile of resistance to compliance with the provisions of art. 31 Section IV, of the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States.

Introduction

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mccormick Roger ◽  
Stears Chris
Keyword(s):  
Financial Markets ◽  
Financial Institutions ◽  
Financial Services ◽  
Financial System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Legal Risk ◽  
The People ◽  
European Banking ◽  
Prospective Risk

This introductory chapter first sets out the book’s purpose, which is to describe and explain legal and conduct risk, and suggest possible approaches to the management of these risks. Legal risk is defined as risk arising in the operation and practices of the financial markets. They are a part of the spectrum of risks that are inherent in the operations of banks and other financial institutions, affecting the lives of the people who work there and the customers who put their trust in them as well as, in more extreme cases, the financial system itself. On the other hand, the European Banking Authority defines conduct risk as ‘the current or prospective risk of losses to an institution arising from an inappropriate supply of financial services including cases of wilful or negligent misconduct’.

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