Is a One Welfare Approach the Key to Addressing Unintended Harms and Maximising Benefits Associated with Animal Shelters?

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-208
Author(s):  
Anne Fawcett
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Compassion Fatigue ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Moral Distress ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Animal Shelters ◽  
The One ◽  
Behavioural Deterioration

Abstract Animal shelters, pounds and rescue organisations have evolved over time. Today they serve three purposes: to reduce animal welfare harms, to reduce harms to the community associated with free-roaming, stray or unwanted companion animals, and to reduce their associated environmental harms. This discussion explores the evolution of animal shelters, and argues that they are justified on utilitarian grounds. It explores unintended harms of shelters on animal welfare, including humane killing for the purposes of population control and shelter population management, as well as risks associated with confinement including behavioural deterioration and infectious diseases. It also explores harms to non-human animals, including moral distress and compassion fatigue. Finally, it explores potential environmental harms of shelters. The One Welfare concept, utilised in the World Animal Health Organisation (OIE) Global Animal Welfare Strategy, acknowledges the interplay between animal welfare, human well-being and environmental sustainability. It is argued that the One Welfare framework is critical in minimising harms and maximising benefits associated with animal shelters.

scholarly journals Is One Health a Viable Strategy in Animal Health Litigation: Evidence from Civil Lawsuits in China

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2560
Author(s):  
Kai Wu ◽  
Ying Yu ◽  
Chen Chen ◽  
Zheming Fu
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Civil Lawsuit ◽  
Civil Lawsuits ◽  
Advantageous Position ◽  
The One ◽  
Judicial Protection

Several litigation strategies are used to gain support from courts in order to protect animals. While the emerging litigation strategy themed in One Health stimulates judicial protection in the animal health sector, little is known about whether and how such strategies are supported by courts. In this article, we investigate how animal welfare litigation strategies influence judge’s choices within their discretion. We argue that litigators equipped with the litigation strategy themed in One Health are placed in an advantageous position in animal health cases, but that this tendency varies markedly across zoonoses. Specifically, we suggest that litigators utilizing One Health’s litigation strategy are associated with higher probabilities to win, whereas normal litigators are not. Further, we propose that litigators equipped with the One Health litigation strategy are awarded more damages from judges. We test and find support for our predictions using a cross sectional dataset of civil lawsuit cases centering on the animal health industry in Chinese mainland. Our findings indicate that courts indeed were persuaded by the One Health litigation strategy, even when bound by the discretion rules. At the same time, we suggest that for advocates who would like to litigate for animal welfare in the animal health sector, the litigation strategy themed in One Health might have potentially positive implications.

scholarly journals Human–dog relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic: booming dog adoption during social isolation

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liat Morgan ◽  
Alexandra Protopopova ◽  
Rune Isak Dupont Birkler ◽  
Beata Itin-Shwartz ◽  
Gila Abells Sutton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Behavioral Problems ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Mental Health ◽  
Human Animal ◽  
Dog Owners ◽  
The One

AbstractThe recent COVID-19 pandemic led to uncertainty and severe health and economic concerns. Previous studies indicated that owning a companion animal, such as a dog or a cat, has benefits for good mental health. Interactions with animals may help with depression and anxiety, particularly under stress-prone conditions. Human–animal interactions may even improve peer-to-peer social relationships, as well as enhance feelings of respect, trust, and empathy between people. Interestingly, it has also been shown that stress and poor well-being of dog owners negatively affect the well-being of their companion animals. However, a dramatic increase in dog abandonment could potentially occur due to COVID-19 related health, economic and social stresses, as well as due to the inconclusive reports of companion animals being potential COVID-19 carriers. Such a scenario may lead to high costs and considerable public health risks. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the COVID-19 pandemic, and the related social isolation, might lead to dramatic changes in human–dog bidirectional relationships. Using unique prospective and retrospective datasets, our objectives were to investigate how people perceived and acted during the COVID-19 pandemic social isolation, in regards to dog adoption and abandonment; and to examine the bidirectional relationship between the well-being of dog owners and that of their dogs. Overall, according to our analysis, as the social isolation became more stringent during the pandemic, the interest in dog adoption and the adoption rate increased significantly, while abandonment did not change. Moreover, there was a clear association between an individual’s impaired quality of life and their perceptions of a parallel deterioration in the quality of life of their dogs and reports of new behavioral problems. As humans and dogs are both social animals, these findings suggest potential benefits of the human–dog relationships during the COVID-19 pandemic, in accordance with the One Welfare approach that implies that there is a bidirectional connection between the welfare and health of humans and non-human animals. As our climate continues to change, more disasters including pandemics will likely occur, highlighting the importance of research into crisis-driven changes in human–animal relationships.

scholarly journals Farm Behaviour and Incentives for Animal Welfare: On Stimulating Interest in Cow Life Expectancy by Industry Attentiveness

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
E. A. Nuppenau
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Dairy Industry ◽  
Strategic Behaviour ◽  
Health Goals ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The One ◽  
Economics Analysis

This contribution deals primarily with a new concept derived from institutional eco­nomi­cs, to improve animal health (eventually welfare, depending on the use of synonyms and actually measu­red as cow life expectancy, i.e. in figures: number of lactations). Based on consumer willingness to pay, it investigates a potential collaboration between a dairy industry whose aim is to diversify products and some farmers whose intention is to request compensation for a change of practices. For fin­ding practical attributes for health, we have a focus on practices promoting numbers of lacta­tions, currently at a low level in conventional farming. We distinguish farm types by str­ategies ask­ing why most farms are primarily aiming at maximal efficiency (feeding concentrates for high milk yields and having no grazing). Vice versa: this has raised public concern because (with big herds, high milk yields and minimal lactations) farmers seem to stress ani­mal welfare. We assume WTP exists for an improvement in animal health (though diffuse so far). I.e. on the one hand as a symptom of crisis, successes for gestation are low (almost half compared to those of farms “caring” for animals). On the other hand better practice can be financed if targeted by WTP. Further assumptions are: even the industry may admit problems with animal health, and within consumers’ and citizens’ circles, there is an increasing awareness and that WTP (finance) may enable private solutions. WTP could be used for those farmers doing better on animal welfare; but so far, markets have failed. We are confronted with different strategic behaviour of farmers (by sectors) whose commencing points (as ob­servation and deliberation) must be a willingness to change practices. A starting point should be insight into beha­viour(al) change and willingness to increase animal health (gestation), yet based on compen­sation. Compensation can be used to get more farmers interested in animal health, but it must be differentiated according to actions for improvement. In an institutional economics analysis of animal welfare, we will work out a concept of optimal compensation, preferably achieving cooperation between a dairy industry and willing farmers to lodge payments received from consumers. It means working on participation of actors in product diversi­fica­tion (milk identified by different sources) and transfer of money to those farmers who are ac­tu­ally working for animal health concerns. The paper further addresses selection of far­ms which manage to achieve set health goals and assure confirmation of achievements in increa­sing health. The goal is to increase the number of lactations. By utilizing contracted numbers of lactations as the basis for modelling a qua­n­­titative criterion which adequately shall reflect aspects of working for animal health (such as feeding practices, grazing, better husbandry (space and straw), caring (stress recovery), etc., is worked out and animal welfare shall improve. 

Taking Care of Companion Animals

2016 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-444
Author(s):  
Mark C.J. Stoddart ◽  
Liam Swiss ◽  
Nicole Power ◽  
Lawrence F. Felt
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Companion Animal ◽  
Practical Implementation ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Interpretive Frameworks

Focusing on local government and non-governmental nonhuman animal welfare organizations, this paper reports survey results on institutional policies, interpretive frameworks, and practices regarding companion animals in Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. The findings suggested that local governments and animal shelters use different interpretive frameworks of companion animal welfare, with the former taking a human-centric position and the latter focusing on animal well-being. The results showed that most local governments are not well engaged with animal welfare issues. Instead, these issues are more often dealt with by non-governmental organizations that operate on limited budgets and rely heavily on volunteer labor. Whereas federal and provincial governments are responsible for legislating companion animal welfare, practical implementation of animal welfare has been largely the responsibility of non-governmental organizations. Our findings demonstrated that the ways that animal welfare policy is interpreted and enacted at the local level have significant implications for animal well-being more broadly.

scholarly journals GAMBARAN SELF-COMPASSION PERAWAT INSTALASI GAWAT DARURAT DI JAKARTA

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-56
Author(s):  
Puspa Triani Adinda ◽  
Christ Billy Aryanto ◽  
Laurensia Harini Tunjungsari
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Compassion Fatigue ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Hospital Nurses ◽  
Religious Activities ◽  
Mixed Methods Design ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The One

Abstract –  This study aims to explore how self-compassion shapes the experience of hospital nurses in Emergency Department (ED) in Jakarta. Previous studies demonstrated that the lack of self-compassion can increase compassion fatigue, thereby reducing the quality of services and eventually affect patients’ well-being. Mixed-methods design was employed by collecting data from 77 nurses through convenient sampling. Two nurses with highest self-compassion scores and a nurse with lowest self-compassion score were interviewed for further analysis. The descriptive result indicated that self-compassion of ED nurses in Jakarta was considerably high and only one nurse had relatively low self-compassion. There was a significant difference in self-compassion based on working time and hospital types. Qualitative analysis indicated that under stressful circumstances, nurses with high self-compassion tended to engage with various religious activities, while the one with low self-compassion tended to be self-indulging.Abstrak — Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi self-compassion perawat rumah sakit bagian Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD) di Jakarta. Studi sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa kurangnya self-compassion dapat meningkatkan rasa lelah secara mental, sehingga menurunkan kualitas pelayanan rumah sakit dan dapat berdampak pada kesejahteraan pasien. Desain mixed-methods digunakan dengan mengambil 77 sampel perawat dari berbagai tipe rumah sakit melalui teknik sampel convenient. Dua perawat dengan self-compassion tertinggi dan satu perawat dengan self-compassion terendah diwawancarai untuk analisa data kualitatif. Hasil deskriptif mengindikasikan bahwa self-compassion perawat IGD di Jakarta tergolong tinggi dan hanya satu perawat yang ditemukan memiliki self-compassion rendah. Terdapat perbedaan signifikan mengenai self-compassion perawat berdasarkan lama bekerja dan tipe rumah sakit. Hasil kualitatif mengindikasikan bahwa ketika stres, perawat dengan self-compassion tinggi cenderung melakukan aktivitas religius, sementara perawat dengan self-compassion rendah cenderung melakukan self-indulgence.

scholarly journals Access to human, animal, and environmental journals is still limited for the One Health community

2016 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol E. Vreeland, DVM, MLS, AHIP ◽  
Kristine M. Alpi, MLS, MPH, AHIP ◽  
Caitlin A. Pike, MLS, AHIP ◽  
Elisabeth E. Whitman, MS ◽  
Suzanne Kennedy-Stoskopf, DVM, PhD, Dipl. ACZM
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
One Health ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Interdisciplinary Approach ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Community ◽  
Seminar Series ◽  
Health Domains ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One

Objective: ‘‘One Health’’ is an interdisciplinary approach to evaluating and managing the health and well-being of humans, animals, and the environments they share that relies on knowledge from the domains of human health, animal health, and the environmental sciences. The authors’ objective was to evaluate the extent of open access (OA) to journal articles in a sample of literature from these domains. We hypothesized that OA to articles in human health or environmental journals was greater than access to animal health literature.Methods: A One Health seminar series provided fifteen topics. One librarian translated each topic into a search strategy and searched four databases for articles from 2011 to 2012. Two independent investigators assigned each article to human health, the environment, animal health, all, other, or combined categories. Article and journal-level OA were determined. Each journal was also assigned a subject category and its indexing evaluated.Results: Searches retrieved 2,651 unique articles from 1,138 journals; 1,919 (72%) articles came from 406 journals that contributed more than 1 article. Seventy-seven (7%) journals dealt with all 3 One Health domains; the remaining journals represented human health 487 (43%), environment 172 (15%), animal health 141 (12%), and other/combined categories 261 (23%). The proportion of OA journals in animal health (40%) differed significantly from journals categorized as human (28%), environment (28%), and more than 1 category (29%). The proportion of OA for articles by subject categories ranged from 25%–34%; only the difference between human (34%) and environment (25%) was significant.Conclusions: OA to human health literature is more comparable to animal health than hypothesized. Environmental journals had less OA than anticipated.

Animal Sheltering

2015 ◽  
pp. 97-112
Author(s):  
Leslie Irvine
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Cultural Significance ◽  
Animal Shelters ◽  
The Social ◽  
Laws And Policies

American animal shelters house between six and eight million dogs and cats each year. The question of what to do with millions of healthy but unwanted animals has animated sheltering from the start. Responses reveal how the presence of animals in society shapes institutions, laws, and policies. Pounds emerged to resolve the problems posed by stray animals. Concern for animal welfare created the need and justification for shelters, as humane alternatives to the pounds. Trends in pet-keeping and veterinary medicine shaped twentieth-century sheltering practices, as shelter populations evolved from strays to unwanted pets. Recently, criticism of high euthanasia rates engendered no-kill shelters. The social and cultural significance of animal sheltering lies in the light it sheds on the changing value of companion animals.

Burnout, compassion fatigue, and moral distress in palliative care

2021 ◽  
pp. 166-180
Author(s):  
Nathan I. Cherny ◽  
Batsheva Ziff-Werman ◽  
Michael Kearney
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Compassion Fatigue ◽  
Moral Distress ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Professional Lives ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Work Stressors ◽  
The Impact

Work in palliative care and, in particular, end of life care is associated with inherent stressors that affect the well-being of clinicians working in the field. Work stressors may have diverse impacts on the emotional and professional lives of palliative care and hospice staff, including every member of the clinical team, volunteers, and administrators. They may negatively affect professional function and adversely influence the effectiveness and quality of care. They also may compromise the ability to sustain a career in palliative care. This chapter reviews issues related to burnout, compassion fatigue and moral distress, exploring contributing factors, describing the impact of these phenomena, and presenting strategies to prevent and to manage them.

Preaching to the middle of the road

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Anne Armstrong Soule ◽  
Tejvir Sekhon
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Meat Products ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Socially Responsible ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Road ◽  
By Products

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore strategic differences in marketing communication tactics for vegan and humane meat brands.Design/methodology/approachContent analysis was used to categorize the types of persuasive appeals used on the packaging of vegan and humane meat brands.FindingsHumane meat brands use animal welfare and environmental appeals more often whereas vegan brands use taste appeals more frequently.Social implicationsMarketers’ communication strategies for alternatives to traditional meat consumption are different from those of activists and non-profit organizations. By targeting middle of the road consumers, both vegan and humane brands can support widespread efficient and curtailment behaviors and in the process benefit consumers, the brands and society.Originality/valueAnti-consumption and/or reduction of meat and animal by-products are arguably the most impactful ways in which consumers can alter their diets to positively impact individual and societal well-being. Consumers seeking alternatives to traditional meat consumption may either chose more sustainable meat products (efficient behaviors) or reduce/eliminate meat consumption (curtailment behaviors). Existing research suggests that such consumers can be divided into two segments – those driven by personal motives (health and/or taste) and those motivated by prosocial concern (environmental sustainability and/or animal welfare) and brands should match persuasive appeals to consumer motives, i.e. curtailment-focused vegan brands should use environmental or animal justice appeals and efficiency-focused humane meat brands should use taste or health appeals. However, the present research assumes marketers’ perspective and demonstrates that both vegan and humane brands target middle of the road consumers striving to balance multiple personal and prosocial goals, being socially responsible without compromising taste.

scholarly journals Recognizing and Mitigating Canine Stress during Animal Assisted Interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 254
Author(s):  
Lisa Townsend ◽  
Nancy R. Gee
Keyword(s):  
Animal Welfare ◽  
Companion Animals ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Current Thinking ◽  
Stress Signals ◽  
Physical Comfort ◽  
Mental Well Being

Animal-assisted Interventions (AAI) proliferated rapidly since clinicians and researchers first noted the positive effects animals have on people struggling with physical and mental health concerns. The intersection of AAI with the field of animal welfare evolved from considering animals’ basic needs, such as freedom from pain, to recognition that animals experience nuanced emotions. Current conceptualizations of the various roles of companion animals as an adjunct to treatments for humans emphasize not only the animals' physical comfort and autonomy, but also their mental well-being and enjoyment of AAI activities. However, numerous challenges to effective monitoring of animals involved in AAI exist. This article focuses specifically on dogs, highlighting factors that may lead handlers and therapists to miss or ignore canine stress signals during human-animal interactions and offers strategies to recognize and ameliorate dogs’ distress more consistently. The primary goals of this discussion are to summarize the current thinking on canine well-being and to highlight practical applications of animal welfare principles in real-world AAI settings. The paper highlights contextual factors (e.g., physical setting, patient demand), human influences (e.g., desire to help), and intervention characteristics (e.g., presence or absence of a dog-specific advocate) that may promote or inhibit humans’ ability to advocate for therapy dogs during AAI activities. Deidentified examples of each of these factors are discussed, and recommendations are provided to mitigate factors that interfere with timely recognition and amelioration of canine distress.

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