scholarly journals The Estimation of the Yearly Cycle of Submarine Irradiance for Ecological Purposes

1978 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Weinberg ◽  
Anneke Cortel-Breeman
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Secchi Disc ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
Yearly Cycle ◽  
Water Types ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
20 Nm

The yearly cycle of surface solar irradiance at Banyuls-sur-Mer is derived from meteorological data. Monthly irradiance attenuation coefficients of the seawater were obtained from Secchi disc readings, which enabled the authors to classify the monthly optical water types according to Jerlov's classification. The average daily values of submarine irradiance are calculated for each month, and for different depths. Calculations have been carried out for the visible spectrum (350-710 nm) subdivided into 20 nm bands. Submarine irradiance is given in energetic (cal cm-2 day-1) as well as quantum (μE m-2 ѕ-1) units. Some considerations are given for underwater stations with different degrees of exposition to available light.

scholarly journals Solar radiation (PAR, UV-A, UV-B) penetration in a shallow maturation pond operating in a tropical climate

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 182-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel F. C. Dias ◽  
Marcos von Sperling
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Photosynthetically Active Radiation ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Depth Profiling ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Traditional Structure ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Tropical Climates

Solar radiation is considered the primary route for disinfection of pathogenic bacteria in maturation ponds. There is scarce information on depth profiling and attenuation of photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), UV-A and UV-B in shallow maturation ponds operating in tropical climates. Measurements of solar irradiance of the three wavelength ranges, together with turbidity, have been acquired from different depths for over 1 year in a shallow maturation pond (44 cm of depth) operating in Brazil. UV-A and UV-B were still detected at 10 cm from the surface, but from 15 cm both were undetectable. PAR was still detected at 30 cm of depth. Irradiation attenuation showed to be related to turbidity. Attenuation coefficients were calculated and simple models without turbidity (traditional structure) or including log10 of turbidity are proposed for predicting PAR irradiance attenuation as a function of depth.

UV solar irradiance from broadband radiation and other meteorological data

2010 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marius Paulescu ◽  
Nicoleta Stefu ◽  
Eugenia Tulcan-Paulescu ◽  
Delia Calinoiu ◽  
Adrian Neculae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Broadband Radiation

A NEW VERSATILE SOIL MOISTURE BUDGET

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 299-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Baier ◽  
Geo. W. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Available Soil Moisture ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Demand Rates ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Drying Curves ◽  
Pe Ratio

A new technique for the estimation of daily soil moisture on a zone-by-zone basis from standard meteorological data is herewith presented. The method, which is more versatile than existing meteorological budgets and therefore called "versatile budget" (VB), makes use of some basic concepts employed in the modulated budget, such as taking potential evapotranspiration (PE) as a possible maximum of actual evapotranspiration (AE) and subdividing the total available soil moisture into several zones of different capacities. The VB facilitates moisture withdrawal simultaneously from different depths of the soil profile permeated by roots in relation to the rate of PE and the available soil moisture in each zone. Adjustments for runoff, drainage, different types of soil-drying curves and the effect of different atmospheric demand rates on the AE/PE ratio are also incorporated.Comparisons between daily soil moisture readings from Colman blocks with estimates from the modulated budget and from the VB showed the feasibility of estimating daily soil moisture from standard meteorological data. The estimates of the VB were superior to those from the modulated budget on a zone-by-zone basis. The application of soil moisture statistics obtained from meteorological budgets is discussed.

scholarly journals Electrical and Meteorological Data Acquisition System of a Commercial and Domestic Microgrid for Monitoring PV Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 9092
Author(s):  
Edson L. Meyer ◽  
Oliver O. Apeh ◽  
Ochuko K. Overen
Keyword(s):  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Acquisition System ◽  
Data Logger ◽  
Pv System

This paper centers on the design and installation of a robust photovoltaic (PV)-based microgrid data acquisition system (DAS) that can monitor different PV systems simultaneously. The PV-based microgrid consists of three solar systems: off-grid, hybrid and grid-assisted systems, each with 3.8 kWp located at SolarWatt park, Fort Hare Institute of Technology (FHIT), South Africa. The designed DAS is achieved by assembling and connecting a set of sensors to measure and log electrical and meteorological parameters from each of the three power plants. Meteorological parameters use a CR1000 datalogger while the electrical output parameters use a DT80 data logger. Calibration was done by voltage signal conditioning which helps to reduce errors initiated by analogue signals. The designed DAS mainly assist in assessing the potential of solar energy of the microgrid power plant considering the energy needed in the remote community. Besides, the simultaneous monitoring of the three systems ensures that the outdoor operating conditions are the same while comparing the logged data. A variable day and a week, data were used to verify the reliability of the system. The back of the array temperature was observed to be 42.7 °C when solar irradiance was 1246 W/m2. The ambient temperature and relative humidity were obtained at 21.3 °C and 63.3%, respectively. The PV current in all three systems increases with the solar irradiance and is highest around midday. The results obtained show that the designed DAS is of great interest in PV system developments.

scholarly journals DOWNWELLING DIFFUSE ATTENUATION COEFFICIENTS FROM IN SITU MEASUREMENTS OF DIFFERENT WATER TYPES

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bisman Nababan ◽  
Veronica S.A. Louhenapessy ◽  
Risti E Arhatin
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Euphotic Zone ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Water Type ◽  
Attenuation Coefficients ◽  
Water Types ◽  
Light Reduction ◽  
Ocean Ecosystem

Process of light reduction or loss (attenuation) by scattering and absorption is affected bysolar zenith, time, depth, and seawater constituents. Downwelling diffuse attenuation coefficient (Kd)is important to understand for light penetration and biological processes in ocean ecosystem. It is,therefore, important to know the Kd value and its variability in ocean ecosystem. The objective of thisstudy was to determine downwelling diffuse attenuation coefficients and its variability form in situmeasurements of different water types. In situ downwelling irradiances (Ed) were measured using asubmersible marine environmental radiometer instrument (MER) during a clear sky, calm watercondition, and at the time range of 10:30 a.m. up to 14:00 p.m. local time in the northeastern Gulf ofMexico in April 2000. In general, Ed values decreases exponentially with depth. Ed at 380 nmexhibited the lowest attenuation (the most penetrative light), while Ed at 683 nm exhibited the highestattenuation (the most light loss at the top of water column). Overall, the Kd patterns tended to decreasefrom 380 nm to 490 nm (blue-green wavelength), and increase from 490 nm to 683 nm (green-redwavelength). Kd values in offshore region were relatively lower than in coastal region. Kd can be usedto determine the depth of euphotic zone in offshore or teh case-1 water type and the depth of oneoptical depth (the water column depth where the ocean color satellite can possibly sense).

SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND PHOTOCATALYTIC ACTIVITIES OF Ba2YbZrO5.5 NANOPARTICLES UNDER SOLAR IRRADIATION

NANO ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. RATHEESH KUMAR ◽  
V. S. PRASAD ◽  
P. R. S. WARIAR ◽  
J. KOSHY
Keyword(s):  
Combustion Process ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Single Step ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Selected Area Electron Diffraction ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Photocatalytic Activities ◽  
20 Nm ◽  
First Time

The complex perovskite Ba2YbZrO5.5 has been successfully synthesized as nanoparticles through a single step combustion process for the first time. The X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the combustion product is phase-pure and has an ordered cubic perovskite structure. Transmission electron microscopy results indicated that the particle sizes are 10–20 nm. The selected area electron diffraction pattern has shown that as-prepared powder is polycrystalline in nature. The UV–visible spectrum analysis confirmed that the optical absorption edge of Ba2YbZrO5.5 is around 340 nm, corresponding to a band gap of ~ 3.65 eV. Photocatalytic activity of Ba2YbZrO5.5 nanoparticles is investigated for the degradation of methyl orange under solar irradiation.

scholarly journals Solar Energy Potential and Its Utilization in Perovskite-Based Solar Cells for Selected Sites in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-58
Author(s):  
Krishna Raj Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Power Conversion ◽  
Global Solar Radiation ◽  
The Other ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Cell Capacitance

The measurements of solar radiation for Biratnagar (BRT), Kathmandu (KTM), Pokhara (PKR) and Jumla (JML) have been undertaken using CMP 6 pyranometers from SAHR/IOE/TU, Nepal. Solar radiation and the other meteorological data have been collected from the archives of Department of Hydrology and Meteorology, Government of Nepal (DHM/GoN) to analyze the daily Global Solar Radiation (GSR). In this study, perovskite-based solar cells with the configuration Au/SpiroOMETAD/MAPbI3/TiO2/FTO have been simulated using Solar Cell Capacitance Simulator (SCAPS). The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the cell is found to be 22.67, 22.69, 22.77 and 22.80% in BRT, KTM, PKR and JML respectively, almost similar and better performance, whereas the solar cell performs better in JML due to the high solar irradiance.

CHARACTERIZATION OF A HETEROSTRUCTURE TiO2/SnO2:F/SUBSTRATE WITH TWO DIFFERENT GEOMETRIES, PREPARED BY SPRAY PYROLYSIS TO BE USED AS PHOTOCATALYST

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 1350042 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. I. VELÁZQUEZ-CRUZ ◽  
K. M. ANAYA-CASTILLEJOS ◽  
R. MARTÍNEZ-MARTÍNEZ ◽  
A. B. SOTO-GUZMÁN ◽  
C. FALCONY
Keyword(s):  
Spray Pyrolysis ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Visible Spectrum ◽  
Band Gap Energy ◽  
Porous Texture ◽  
Gap Energy ◽  
Sandwich Type ◽  
The Common ◽  
20 Nm

Two TiO 2/ SnO 2: F /substrate hetero-structures (HS) with different geometry were deposited by spray pyrolysis. The thickness for the TiO 2 and SnO 2: F films was 3.8 μm and 2.3 μm, and the band gap energy 3.3 eV and 3.6 eV, respectively. Both films have a transmittance greater than 70% in most of the visible spectrum. The electrical resistivity of the SnO 2: F film was ρ = (1.7)×10-4Ω ⋅ cm. The surface morphology of the TiO 2 film shows hemispheric agglomerates formed by nano-metric needle/platy shaped particles that give them a porous texture much like a "ball of wool," the length of the needles is from 100 nm and its thickness close to 20 nm. The geometry of HS has an important influence on its efficiency as photocatalyst under low-powered UV radiation. One of the geometry for this HS, in which the TiO 2/ SnO 2: F interface is exposed, showed greater efficiency than the TiO 2 and SnO 2: F films separately, or than the common "sandwich" type HS geometry. Specifically, a decrease by 62% of the initial concentration of a watery solution of methylene blue (mb) of 20 ppm in approximately 5 h of UV radiation is observed for the exposed interface HS compared with less than 30% reduction observed for the common sandwich type HS.

Predictive Model of Solar Irradiance Using Artificial Intelligence

2021 ◽  
pp. 519-538
Author(s):  
Umang Soni ◽  
Saksham Gupta ◽  
Taranjeet Singh ◽  
Yash Vardhan ◽  
Vipul Jain
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Indian Subcontinent ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Ann Model ◽  
Financial Model ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Svm Model ◽  
High Prediction ◽  
Set Up

Solar power in India is growing at a tremendous pace. India's solar power capacity is 20 GW and has grown 8-fold since 2014. Assessing the solar potential in India is thus the need of the hour. The objective of this study is to make an optimized prediction model of the monthly potential of solar irradiance of the Indian Subcontinent, by utilizing hour-wise unstructured voluminous (80 million line item) satellite-based data from 609 locations for 15 years. The variables chosen are temperature, pressure, relative humidity, month, year, latitude, longitude, altitude, DHI, DNI, and GHI. Combining predictive models using combinations of SVM, ANN, and RF for factors affecting solar irradiance. This model's performance has been evaluated by its accuracy. Accuracy for DHI, DNI, GHI values on testing data evaluated through the SVM model is 95.11%, 93.25%, and 96.88%, respectively, whereas accuracy evaluated through the ANN model is 94.18%, 91.60%, and 95.90%, respectively. The achieved high prediction accuracy makes the SVM, ANN, and RF model very robust. This model with a sustainable financial model can thus be used to identify major locations to set up solar farms in the present and future and the feasibility of its establishment, wherever local meteorological data measuring facilities are not available in India. Along with the air temperature, air pressure, and humidity predictive interrelation model created to aid the irradiance model this can be used for climate predictions in the Indian sub-continental region.

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