scholarly journals The eye-catching cicada Hamza ciliaris (Linnaeus, 1758) comb. n. in Indonesia and the Pacific: taxonomic status, synonymy, and distribution (Homoptera, Cicadoidea)

1991 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P. Duffels
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
New Combination ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Caroline Islands

The new combination Hamza ciliaris (Linnaeus) is proposed for a cicada species widely distributed in Maluku ( = Moluccas), Timor, Banda, Kei and Banggai Islands, the Philippines, and the Palau group of the Caroline Islands.

scholarly journals LC–MS/MS Analysis of Ciguatoxins Revealing the Regional and Species Distinction of Fish in the Tropical Western Pacific

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomasa Oshiro ◽  
Takumi Tomikawa ◽  
Kyoko Kuniyoshi ◽  
Akira Ishikawa ◽  
Hajime Toyofuku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Western Pacific ◽  
Tropical Region ◽  
Northern Coast ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Main Island ◽  
Tropical Western Pacific ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Fish Samples

Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP) is one of the most frequently reported seafood poisoning diseases. It is endemic to the tropical region and occurs most commonly in the regions around the Pacific Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Caribbean Sea. The principal toxins causing CFP are ciguatoxins (CTXs). In the Pacific region, more than 20 analogs of CTXs have been identified to date. Based on their skeletal structures, they are classified into CTX1B-type and CTX3C-type toxins. We have previously reported species-specific and regional-specific toxin profiles. In this study, the levels and profiles of CTXs in fish present in the tropical western Pacific regions were analyzed using the liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) technique. Forty-two fish specimens, belonging to the categories of snappers, groupers, Spanish mackerel, and moray eel, were purchased from various places such as Fiji, the Philippines, Thailand, and Taiwan. Only the fish captured from Fijian coastal waters contained detectable amounts of CTXs. The toxin levels in the fish species found along the coastal regions of the Viti Levu Island, the main island in Fiji, and the toxin profiles were significantly different from those of the fish species present in other coastal regions. The toxin levels and profiles varied among the different fish samples collected from different coastal areas. Based on the toxin levels and toxin profiles, the coast was demarcated into three zones. In Zone-1, which covers the northern coast of the main island and the regions of the Malake Island and Korovau, CTXs in fish were below the detection level. In Zone-2, CTX3C-type toxins were present in low levels in the fish. CTX1B-type and CTX3C-type toxins co-occurred in the fish present in Zone-3. The toxin profiles may have reflected the variation in Gambierdiscus spp.

scholarly journals Chance long-distance or human-mediated dispersal? How Acacia s.l. farnesiana attained its pan-tropical distribution

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 170105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen L. Bell ◽  
Haripriya Rangan ◽  
Manuel M. Fernandes ◽  
Christian A. Kull ◽  
Daniel J. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Old World ◽  
South Central ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Pacific Ocean ◽  
Spanish Explorers ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Old World Tropics

Acacia s.l. farnesiana , which originates from Mesoamerica, is the most widely distributed Acacia s.l. species across the tropics. It is assumed that the plant was transferred across the Atlantic to southern Europe by Spanish explorers, and then spread across the Old World tropics through a combination of chance long-distance and human-mediated dispersal. Our study uses genetic analysis and information from historical sources to test the relative roles of chance and human-mediated dispersal in its distribution. The results confirm the Mesoamerican origins of the plant and show three patterns of human-mediated dispersal. Samples from Spain showed greater genetic diversity than those from other Old World tropics, suggesting more instances of transatlantic introductions from the Americas to that country than to other parts of Africa and Asia. Individuals from the Philippines matched a population from South Central Mexico and were likely to have been direct, trans-Pacific introductions. Australian samples were genetically unique, indicating that the arrival of the species in the continent was independent of these European colonial activities. This suggests the possibility of pre-European human-mediated dispersal across the Pacific Ocean. These significant findings raise new questions for biogeographic studies that assume chance or transoceanic dispersal for disjunct plant distributions.

Exploring the Asian Economic Miracle: Politics, Economics, Society, Culture, and History — A Review Article

1994 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 124-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terutomo Ozawa
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
South Korea ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Industrial Activities ◽  
Economic Miracle ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Pacific Asia

Structural upgrading and industrial dynamismin Pacific Asia—initially Japan, then the Asian NIEs (Newly Industrializing Economies: South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Singapore) following closely behind, and most recently, ASEAN 4 (Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, and the Philippines)—have been unprecedentedly phenomenal. This regional supergrowth in industrial activities has become the center of attention, but the evolving changes in the political systems and societal structures of the Pacific Asian nations have been, no doubt, equally important, although rather subtle and not so dramatic in appearance.

Navigation clearance evaluation and marine simulations for the planning of new bridge spans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steve Kite ◽  
James Pitchforth ◽  
Sammy Yip ◽  
Paz Artejo ◽  
Gerardo Ramon Galang
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Marine Traffic ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Future ◽  
Marine Navigation ◽  
Bridge Spans ◽  
Future Growth

<p>The sizing of the main span dimensions for new marine bridge crossings needs to consider the current shipping vessels using the waterways and the future growth in marine traffic. Internationally accepted guidelines are used for initial sizing of the navigation clearances, but confirmation of the safe passage of vessels requires simulations to be undertaken. For two major marine bridges planned in the Philippines the marine navigation clearance assessments have been carried out, and the results verified via realistic simulations carried out at the facilities available in the Maritime Academy of Asia and the Pacific (MAAP). This paper outlines methodology of the theoretical calculations and the simulations performed, which confirmed the clearances and informed the design of the required navigation aids.</p>

The War Beat, Pacific

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Casey
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York Times ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Primary Sources ◽  
Chicago Tribune ◽  
Pacific War ◽  
Daily News ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Military

From Pearl Harbor to Hiroshima and Nagasaki, a group of highly courageous correspondents covered America’s war against Japan. Based on a wealth of previously untapped primary sources, War Beat, Pacific provides the first comprehensive account of what these reporters witnessed, what they were allowed to publish, and how their reports shaped the home front’s perception of some of the most pivotal battles in American history. In a dramatic and fast-paced narrative, the book takes us from MacArthur’s doomed defense on the Philippines and the navy’s overly strict censorship policy at the time of Midway through the bloody battles on Guadalcanal, New Guinea, Tarawa, Saipan, Leyte and Luzon, Iwo Jima and Okinawa, detailing the cooperation, as well as conflict, between the media and the military as they grappled with the enduring problem of limiting a free press during a period of extreme crisis. At the heart of this book are the brave, sometimes tragic stories of reporters like Clark Lee and Vern Haugland of the Associated Press, Byron Darnton and Tillman Durdin of the New York Times, Stanley Johnston and Al Noderer of the Chicago Tribune, George Weller of the Chicago Daily News, Keith Wheeler of the Chicago Times, and Robert Sherrod of Time magazine. Twenty-three correspondents died while reporting on the Pacific War. Many more sustained serious wounds. War Beat, Pacific shows how both the casualties and the survivors deserve to be remembered as America’s golden generation of journalists.

scholarly journals Morphometry and Phylogeny of the Different Populations of Selaginella tamariscina (P. Beauv.) Spring and S. pulvinata (Hook. & Grev.) Maxim. in Northern Thailand

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Udon Pongkawong ◽  
◽  
Jatupol Kampuansai ◽  
Rossarin Pollawatn ◽  
Arunothai Jampeetong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Northern Thailand ◽  
Selaginella Tamariscina

Abstract “Dok Hin” is the Thai local name for Selaginella species that form rosettes. They commonly distributes in Siberia, Manchuria, southern China, Japan, the Philippines and Thailand. Morphology of Dok Hin is very resemble leading to misidentification. So, exactly number of species of Dok Hin in Thailand and their differences in morphological characteristics is not well understood. Thus, revision of morphological characters and phylogenetic confirmation of the taxonomic identification are needed. This study aims to examine morphological charateristics and phylogenetic patterns in eight populations of the Dok Hin in Northern Thailand. Morphology of Dok Hin from each populations was quantitatively examined using 15 vegetative and 6 reproductive characters meanwhile phylogenetic analyses was explored by DNA barcode ITS2. The results of the phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of two species of Dok Hin, S. tamariscina and S. pulvinata. Selaginella tamariscina can be distinguished from S. pulvinata by its presence of a pseudotrunk above ground and ridges of dorsal leaves. On the other hand, the results of phylogenetic analysis indicated the differences among populations of S. pulvinata as well. Chiang Mai populations of S. pulvinata was characterized by peculiar set of characters long leaves and leaf apices look like caudate, while the rest of their populations have shorter leaves and leaf apices look like aristate. It indicates that S. pulvinata has genetic and phenotypic divergence among populations. However, additional studies of Dok Hin populations in other parts of Thailand and studies on different genetic markers are necessary to confirm the taxonomic status of S. pulvinata. Keywords: Dok Hin, Morphometric, Phylogeny, Pseudotrunk, Resurrection plant

scholarly journals ORBITOLINA DAVIESI HOFKER, 1966: A FORGOTTEN ORBITOLINIDAE FROM THE THANETIAN OF PAKISTAN AND ITS TAXONOMIC STATUS

2020 ◽  
pp. 41-48
Author(s):  
FELIX SCHLAGINTWEIT
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Linear Arrangement ◽  
Radial Zone

Orbitolina daviesi Hofker, 1966 (family Orbitolinidae) was validly described and thoroughly illustrated from Thanetian limestones of Pakistan. Although its attribution to the genus Orbitolina d’Orbigny and any phylogenetic relationships with the Cretaceous taxa have been refuted shortly afterwards, the species has not been taxonomically revised since then. Karsella hottingeri Sirel, 1999 was established as new genus and new species from the Thanetian of Turkey, without taking into account J. Hofker’s publication. The original description and genus diagnosis of Karsella has meanwhile been emended to include the occurrence of a radial zone with septula that follow a zig-zag pattern and associated linear arrangement of the foramina, as well as a complex embryo. Orbitolina daviesi clearly displays these features and is here considered a species of the genus Karsella Sirel. Karsella hottingeri is regarded as a subjective junior synonym of O. daviesi Hofker and therefore, the only species of the genus is given as a new combination: Karsella daviesi (Hofker). From a suprageneric viewpoint, the two Paleogene genera Karsella Sirel and Cushmania Silvestri display a complex embryo and might belong to a new subfamily of the Orbitolinidae, phylogenetically different and unrelated to the lower-mid Cretaceous Orbitolininae.

scholarly journals Genetic structure of the Coconut Rhinoceros Beetle (Oryctes rhinoceros) population and the incidence of its biocontrol agent (Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus) in the South Pacific Islands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayvan Etebari ◽  
James Hereward ◽  
Apenisa Sailo ◽  
Emeline M Ahoafi ◽  
Robert Tautua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Mitochondrial Lineage ◽  
The South ◽  
Oryctes Rhinoceros ◽  
Rhinoceros Beetle ◽  
The Pacific

Incursions of the Coconut rhinoceros beetle (CRB), Oryctes rhinoceros, have been detected in several countries of the south-west Pacific in recent years, resulting in an expansion of the pest's geographic range. It has been suggested that this resurgence is related to an O. rhinoceros mitochondrial lineage (previously referred to as the CRB-G biotype) that is reported to show reduced susceptibility to the well-established classical biocontrol agent, Oryctes rhinoceros nudivirus (OrNV). We investigated O. rhinoceros population genetics and the OrNV status of adult specimens collected in the Philippines and seven different South Pacific island countries (Fiji, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea (PNG), Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tonga, and Vanuatu). Based on the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms (snps) in the mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I (CoxI) gene, we found three major mitochondrial lineages (CRB-G, a PNG lineage (CRB-PNG) and the South Pacific lineage (CRB-S)) across the region. Haplotype diversity varied considerably between and within countries. The O. rhinoceros population in most countries was monotypic and all individuals tested belonged to a single mitochondrial lineage (Fiji, CRB-S; Tonga, CRB-S; Vanuatu, CRB-PNG; PNG (Kimbe), CRB-PNG; New Caledonia CRB-G; Philippines, CRB-G). However, in Samoa we detected CRB-S and CRB-PNG and in Solomon Islands we detected all three haplotype groups. Genotyping-by-Sequencing (GBS) methods were used to genotype 10,000 snps from 230 insects across the Pacific and showed genetic differentiation in the O. rhinoceros nuclear genome among different geographical populations. The GBS data also provided evidence for gene flow and admixture between different haplotypes in Solomon Islands. Therefore, contrary to earlier reports, CRB-G is not solely responsible for damage to the coconut palms reported since the pest was first recorded in Solomon Islands in 2015. We also PCR-screened a fragment of OrNV from 260 insects and detected an extremely high prevalence of viral infection in all three haplotypes in the region. We conclude that the haplotype groups CRB-G, CRB-S, and PNG, do not represent biotypes, subspecies, or cryptic species, but simply represent different invasions of O. rhinoceros across the Pacific. This has important implications for management, especially biological control, of Coconut rhinoceros beetle in the region.

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