scholarly journals “Talking” Tiles from Vanished Ilkhanid Palaces (Late Thirteenth to Early Fourteenth Centuries): Frieze Luster Tiles with Verses from the Shah-nama

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 97-149
Author(s):  
Yves Porter
Keyword(s):  
Similar Scheme ◽  
Frag Ments

Abstract Luster tiles in Ilkhanid palace decoration are repeatedly linked with the site of Takht-i Sulaiman (Iran). However, the collection and analysis of ninety-two frieze luster tiles (or frag-ments) characterized by a similar scheme indicates the existence of other palatial locations. Sorting the tiles results in at least eight different friezes. Consequently, possible locations of other Ilkhanid palaces are investigated. Textual contents mainly originate from Firdausi’s Shah-nama. However, the excerpts found on tiles are seldom narrative but allude to the enjoyment of nature, drinking, and beauty. The suitability of these poetic quotes for Ilkha-nid palace decoration is thus further analyzed.

Upwind finite‐difference calculation of traveltimes

Geophysics ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (6) ◽  
pp. 812-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. van Trier ◽  
W. W. Symes
Keyword(s):  
Finite Difference ◽  
Difference Scheme ◽  
Conservation Law ◽  
Finite Difference Scheme ◽  
Eikonal Equation ◽  
Upwind Schemes ◽  
Similar Scheme ◽  
Difference Calculation ◽  
Flow Variables ◽  
Upwind Finite Difference

Seismic traveltimes can be computed efficiently on a regular grid by an upwind finite‐difference method. The method solves a conservation law that describes changes in the gradient components of the traveltime field. The traveltime field itself is easily obtained from the solution of the conservation law by numerical integration. The conservation law derives from the eikonal equation, and its solution depicts the first‐arrival‐time field. The upwind finite‐difference scheme can be implemented in fully vectorized form, in contrast to a similar scheme proposed recently by Vidale. The resulting traveltime field is useful both in Kirchhoff migration and modeling and in seismic tomography. Many reliable methods exist for the numerical solution of conservation laws, which appear in fluid mechanics as statements of the conservation of mass, momentum, etc. A first‐order upwind finite‐difference scheme proves accurate enough for seismic applications. Upwind schemes are stable because they mimic the behavior of fluid flow by using only information taken from upstream in the fluid. Other common difference schemes are unstable, or overly dissipative, at shocks (discontinuities in flow variables), which are time gradient discontinuities in our approach to solving the eikonal equation.

scholarly journals A STATE OF ART AND PROSPECTS OF USED PNEUMATIC TIRES MANAGEMENT (REVIEW)

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-83
Author(s):  
I.O. Mikulionok
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Processing ◽  
Detailed Classification ◽  
The World ◽  
Intended Use ◽  
State Of Art ◽  
Frag Ments ◽  
Pneumatic Tires

The basic data on the volume of production of pneumatic tires in the world and in Ukraine are presented. The need to improve the ways of handling pneumatic tires that have lost their con-sumer properties (worn out tires as a result of their intended use and tires rejected as a result of passing quality control during their manufacture) is shown as one of the most dangerous for the environment and promising in terms of using their properties. A detailed classification of methods for handling worn out and defective tires is proposed and a critical analysis of each of them is given. Particular attention is paid to the methods of utilization of tires, in particular, recycling, which makes it possible to efficiently use the secondary raw materials obtained from tires directly for their intended purpose. The features of physical, physicochemical and chemical processing methods, in particular combustion, gasification, pyrolysis of tires and their frag-ments, as well as the prospects for their decomposition under the influence of environmental factors, in particular microorganisms, are also considered. The main ways of solving the prob-lem of tires that have lost their consumer properties in Ukraine are proposed. Bibl. 88, Fig. 2.

scholarly journals Distributed National Collections: Concept and Reality in Two Countries

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Genoni
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
British Library ◽  
Higher Education Funding ◽  
National Library ◽  
Research Libraries ◽  
Similar Scheme ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Specialized Subject

The ‘distributed national collection’ is a scheme whereby the British Library envisages completing agreements with other libraries to facilitate the development of specialized subject-based research collections in order to make the most of total national resources. The implementation in Australia of a similar scheme, the Distributed National Collection (DNC), was proposed during the late 1980s and 1990s, with the National Library (NLA) as a main advocate, and a great deal of enthusiasm was generated. The use of Conspectus was envisaged, and a DNC Office was set up at the NLA. It failed for various reasons: Conspectus proved unusable, the NLA had to cut back its own acquisitions, and financial restraints forced other libraries to look after their own interests. In the UK, the initiative for collaborative collection development has been driven by the British Library and the Higher Education Funding Councils. The UK has some features which give it a better chance of success - for instance, the responsible office should be independent of all the main players, whereas in Australia this responsibility could be carried only by the National Library; the UK has a more established network of research libraries, including a number outside the higher education/national library nexus; and the existence of BLDSC is highly beneficial. However, key challenges lie ahead, notably the complexities of managing the scheme, the time needed to put it into operation, the commitment demanded from participants (notably some sacrifice of local interests required for ‘deep resource sharing’), and obtaining the initial acceptance needed from users.

scholarly journals MICROPLASTICS POLLUTION MONITORING IN BOTTOM SEDIMENTS OF THE SEVASTOPOL REGION RECREATION ZONES

2021 ◽  
pp. 91-101
Author(s):  
E.N. Sibirtsova ◽  
◽  
A.V. Temnykh ◽  
M.I. Silakov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bottom Sediments ◽  
World Ocean ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Pollution Monitoring ◽  
Open Water Area ◽  
Water Edge ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Frag Ments

A study of the concentration of microplastic pollution (MP) in the bottom sediments of the water areas adjoining recreation zones (RZ) of the Sevastopol region in 2018 - 2020 was carried out. An increase in MP was registered practically in all areas, the average values of MP concentration were 13.4 items•kg-1 dry weight. As for the shape of microplastics (MPs) particles, the maximum share was made up by frag-ments (50-83%), fibers were also numerous (33%). A significant increase in the concentration of MP on the 0-20 m section of the underwater coastal slope from the water edge was recorded in zones with an open water area and presence of a cliff. The revealed level of MP is comparable to that in the Mediterra-nean, Caspian, Baltic Seas, but an order of magnitude lower than in other regions of the World Ocean.

scholarly journals Automation of the development of ontologies of scientific subject domains based on ontology design patterns

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 500-520
Author(s):  
Yu.A. Zagorulko ◽  
◽  
E.A. Sidorova ◽  
G.B. Zagorulko ◽  
I.R. Akhmadeeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Patterns ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Current Version ◽  
Ontology Design ◽  
Logical Modeling ◽  
Ontological Design ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
Scientific Subject ◽  
Frag Ments ◽  
Subject Domains

At present, ontologies are recognized as the most effective means of formalizing and systematizing knowledge and data in scientific subject domains (SSDs). However, the development of an ontology is a rather complicated and time-consuming process. All indications are that when developing SSDs ontologies, it is especially effective to use ontology design patterns (ODPs). This is due to the fact that the SSD ontology, as a rule, contains a large number of typical frag-ments, which are well described by the ODPs. In addition, due to the fact that the use of ODPs greatly facilitates the development of an SSD ontology, it is possible to involve experts in a modeled SSD not possessing the skills of onto-logical modeling. To obtain an ontology that adequately describes the SSD, it is necessary to process a huge number of publications relevant to the modeled SSD. It is possible to facilitate and accelerate the process of populating the ontolo-gy with information from such sources by using the lexical and syntactic patterns of ontological design. The paper pre-sents an approach to the automated development of SSDs ontologies based on a system of heterogeneous ODPs. This system includes both ODPs intended for ontology developers and lexical and syntactic patterns built on the basis of the above-mentioned types of the ODPs and the current version of the SSD ontology.

scholarly journals BEHAVIOR OF LARGE-SCALE BRACING SYSTEM IN TALL BUILDINGS SUBJECTED TO EARTHQUAKE LOADS

2013 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Hemmati ◽  
Ali Kheyroddin
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Lateral Displacement ◽  
Tall Buildings ◽  
Steel Structure ◽  
Lateral Loads ◽  
Space Truss ◽  
The Face ◽  
Similar Scheme ◽  
Stress Ratios ◽  
Bracing System

Bracing is a highly efficient and economical method of resisting of lateral forces in a steel structure. The most common types of bracing are those that form a fully triangulated vertical truss. These include the concentric and eccentric braced types. In high-rise buildings, the location and number of bracings is an important limitation to the architectural plan. A similar scheme has been used in larger scale spanning multiple stories and bays in tall buildings which is called large-scale bracing system. Large-scale bracing (LSB) is a particular form of a space truss. It consists of multiple diagonal elements that form a diagonal grid on the face of the structure. In this paper, a 20 story steel frame with different arrangement of bracing systems is analyzed. Linear and static nonlinear (push-over) analyses are carried out and the results presented here. Analytical results show that, the large-scale bracing is more adequate system under the lateral loads. Using LSB in tall buildings, decreases the lateral displacement, drift ratio, uplift forces in foundation and increases the ductility and shear absorption percent of the bracing system. Moreover, the stress ratios in the structural members of LSB system are less than the relevant values in other bracing systems.

Isolation and preliminary characterization of a 2-chlorobenzoate degrading Pseudomonas

1989 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Sylvestre ◽  
Karen Mailhiot ◽  
Darakhshan Ahmad ◽  
Robert Massé
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Enrichment Culture ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Ion Release ◽  
Chlorobenzoic Acid ◽  
Preliminary Characterization ◽  
Similar Scheme ◽  
Chlorine Ion

Pseudomonas sp. strain B-300, which is able to utilize 2-chlorobenzoic acid, was isolated from a soil sample by enrichment culture. This strain was shown to grow on 2-chlorobenzoic acid and to completely degrade the substrate with concomitant chlorine ion release. Concentrations of 2-chlorobenzoic acid higher than 0.5% (w/v) were toxic to the cells. Our study also suggested that in the presence of glucose, 2-chlorobenzoic acid is converted to catechol or chlorocatechol; these are in turn transformed to muconic and chloromuconic acid, respectively, suggesting a repression by glucose of some of the degradation pathway enzymes. A similar scheme was already described for 3-chlorobenzoate degradation by pAC25 plasmid.Key words: 2-chlorobenzoate, biodegradation, catabolism, metabolism, Pseudomonas.

scholarly journals From Farm to Forest: Factors Associated with Protecting and Planting Trees in a Panamanian Agricultural Landscape

2014 ◽  
Vol 322 (322) ◽  
pp. 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Metzel ◽  
Florencia Montagnini
Keyword(s):  
Nous Avons ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Du Bois ◽  
Régénération Naturelle ◽  
Frag Ments

Les fragments résiduels de forêt sèche sur la péninsule d’Azuero au Panama sont repré- sentatifs d’un des types forestiers les plus menacés à l’échelle de la planète, et qui a quasiment disparu au Panama. Dans de telles zones de production agricole et d’éle- vage, les arbres hors forêt sont indispensa- bles à la connectivité du paysage, à la survie des espèces autochtones et au maintien des services écosystémiques associés à ces frag- ments forestiers résiduels. Les enquêtes que nous avons menées auprès de gestionnaires terriens dans la province de Los Santos au Panama montrent que les agriculteurs dans cette région protègent et plantent des arbres pour des motifs différents. Alors qu’ils protè- gent les arbres pour plusieurs raisons (comme source de bois, de fruits, de fourrage et d’ombre, et pour leur protection de l’eau), ils en plantent surtout pour produire du bois et des fruits, qui leur assurent des revenus tangibles. Par ailleurs, dans cette région, les sites où les arbres sont plantés sont plus diversifiés et plus spécifiques que les sites où les arbres sont protégés. Six essences sont fréquemment utilisées pour la création de haies vives au Los Santos, et les proprié- taires de ces haies gardent souvent des arbres utiles pour le fourrage et le bois à proximité. La gestion coopérative des haies vives pourrait ainsi devenir un moyen effi- cace pour augmenter la connectivité des pay- sages dans cette région où ils sont fortement fragmentés. Nos résultats indiquent que les agriculteurs de Los Santos plantent des arbres ou les protègent dans leurs terres pro- ductives pour des raisons très différentes. Ces différences entre leurs motivations ont des implications importantes qui doivent être prises en compte dans les approches visant à accroître la couverture forestière dans la région. Les projets visant à promou- voir la régénération naturelle des forêts encouragent les agriculteurs à protéger les arbres sur leurs terres, et pourraient mieux réussir en mettant l’accent sur les services écosystémiques intangibles tels que la pro- tection de l’eau à moindre coût. À l’inverse, les projets visant à promouvoir la plantation d’arbres doivent en démontrer les bénéfices économiques tangibles.

scholarly journals POLYACRYLAMIDE MATRIX BASED ON β-CYCLODEXTRIN-CONTAINING PSEUDOROTAXANE FOR DRUGS RELEASE: SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES

2019 ◽  
Vol 85 (10) ◽  
pp. 102-115
Author(s):  
Larisa Kobrina ◽  
Valentina Boyko ◽  
Serhii Riabov ◽  
Lydmila Orel ◽  
Serhii Sinelnikov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectra ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Polymer Matrices ◽  
Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Spectrometry Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Temperature Decomposition ◽  
Different Content ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Frag Ments

Formation and studying of different inclusion complexes, which could be attributed to the supra-molecular structures, are still remaining among an actual topics in the modern polymer chemistry. The ability of cyclodextrins to selectively interact with a range of their size complementary molecules makes them promising objects for supramolecular chemis-try. Therefore, we obtained polymer matrices involv-ing acrylamide and methylene-bis-acrylamide with different content of pseudorotaxane based on β-cyc-lodextrin and polyoxypropylenedimethacrylate and confirmed their structures by different techniques (FTIR-spectroscopy, DSC and X-ray analysis). The presence of pseudorotaxane in polymer matrices was proved by monitoring β-cyclodextrin’s bands stret-ching vibration (FTIR method). When analyzing X-ray profiles of polymer matrices with different con-tent of pseudorotaxane, we found that the influence of pseudorotaxane is insignificant at its content of 5 and 8 % wt. In addition, the study of pseudoro-taxane effect on the kinetics of drugs release reve-aled that the introduction of 10 wt.% of pseudo-rotaxane into the polymer matrices appreciably de-celerates desorption of drugs and, thus this content being considered as an optimal one for this purpose. Also the polymer matrices’ structure was studied by the pyrolysis mass spectrometry method. It has been determined the temperature decomposition, rate of total ion current, probable composition of ion frag-ments of samples and intensity of their isolation in the mass spectra of polyacrylamide with different content of pseudorotaxane during pyrolysis. Thus, the results obtained can be explained by the for-mation of specific intermolecular bonds emerged between pseudorotaxane fragments and chains of po-lymer matrice.

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