Automation of the development of ontologies of scientific subject domains based on ontology design patterns

At present, ontologies are recognized as the most effective means of formalizing and systematizing knowledge and data in scientific subject domains (SSDs). However, the development of an ontology is a rather complicated and time-consuming process. All indications are that when developing SSDs ontologies, it is especially effective to use ontology design patterns (ODPs). This is due to the fact that the SSD ontology, as a rule, contains a large number of typical frag-ments, which are well described by the ODPs. In addition, due to the fact that the use of ODPs greatly facilitates the development of an SSD ontology, it is possible to involve experts in a modeled SSD not possessing the skills of onto-logical modeling. To obtain an ontology that adequately describes the SSD, it is necessary to process a huge number of publications relevant to the modeled SSD. It is possible to facilitate and accelerate the process of populating the ontolo-gy with information from such sources by using the lexical and syntactic patterns of ontological design. The paper pre-sents an approach to the automated development of SSDs ontologies based on a system of heterogeneous ODPs. This system includes both ODPs intended for ontology developers and lexical and syntactic patterns built on the basis of the above-mentioned types of the ODPs and the current version of the SSD ontology.

Devising an individually oriented method for selection of scientific activity subjects for implementing scientific projects based on scientometric analysis

The main factors influencing the choice of individual subjects of the scientific activity or potential partners and executors for scientific and educational projects were analyzed. The specific features of choosing project executors of different categories were indicated. The functional responsibilities of project participants in accordance with the project structure were described. The individually oriented method for choosing subjects of scientific activity as executors of scientific and educational projects was developed, taking into account the productivity of their scientific activities in the past and considering the structure of projects. To determine the merits of the subjects of scientific activity, which are included in the relevant scientific subject spaces, it is necessary to apply the procedure of their productivity assessment. In addition, it is necessary to predict a change in productivity in the future based on retrospective data for this subject. Next, it is required to solve the multi-criteria problem of the choice among the subjects of scientific activity who are quite productive in the opinion of the project manager. The use of the developed method reduces the subjective impact on making a decision regarding the choice of project executors. This is due to the fact that they are chosen by automated calculation of scientometric indicators of subjects, guided only by open sources of information. The individually oriented method for the selection of subjects of scientific activity was verified on the example of the formation of three applications of research projects. As a result, the average percentage of scientists who meet the requirements of project managers for each scientific subject space was about 46.55 %. The percentage of those involved in the project from those who were selected is about 24.07 %. The probability of cooperation is higher among those who have an average H-index.

Realization of the scientific and cognitive potential of teaching university students to inverse and incorrect problems in the context of informatization of education

Problem and goal . Since the mid-50s of the 20th century, both Russian and foreign scientists began to actively conduct, and, at present, scientific research on inverse and incorrectly posed problems is being successfully carried out. Often, research on inverse and incorrect problems is carried out jointly by Russian and foreign experts. At present, the results of joint research by specialists on inverse and incorrect problems from Germany, Italy, China, Russia, Sweden, Japan and other countries are discussed at various thematic international scientific conferences and are subsequently published on the pages of scientific Russian and foreign journals. Many such publications can be found in the electronic libraries of scientific publications elibrary.ru, CyberLeninka, in the bibliographic and abstract database Scopus and other bibliographic and abstract databases. The wide availability of such bibliographic and abstract electronic databases allows the teacher who teaches students inverse and incorrect problems to keep abreast of modern scientific achievements in the scientific world and to form the content of a variety of elective courses, including modern mathematical methods and approaches to researching inverse and incorrect problems. When teaching inverse and incorrect problems, the teacher must realize the goals and objectives of not only the formation of deep scientific subject knowledge in students, but also the identification of the scientific and cognitive potential of such training. Methodology. Realization of the scientific and cognitive potential of teaching university students inverse and incorrect problems using computer technologies. Results. Understanding the scientific and cognitive potential of inverse and incorrect problems, their relationship with applied aspects, the ability to use computer technologies in the study of applied problems will allow students, after graduating from an educational institution, to prove themselves as a successful specialist in applied mathematics in general, and in inverse and incorrect problems, in particular. Conclusion. Graduates who have acquired solid knowledge of inverse and incorrect problems, possess modern scientific methods of their research developed by specialists from different countries of the world, understand the scientific and cognitive potential of inverse and incorrect problems, and possess the skills of independent selection of effective information technologies for solving applied mathematical problems will successfully work in research organizations and independently conduct applied research.

On Colloquial Phenomena in the Language of the Monument of Church Slavonic Writing of the 15th Century (Based on the Material of the Torment of Paraskeva Friday)

The author’s earlier linguistic and textual analysis of collections containing readings on particularly revered memorable dates and the lives of the most revered saints revealed the manuscript Festal Menaion and Chrysostom from the collection of Tikhonravov No. 185 (from the collection of the Russian State Library) as containing unique information about the Church Slavonic language of the 15th century. This time, as traditionally considered, is a clear indicator of the second South Slavic influence, but evidence of this influence (according to the collection) was not in the Word on the Council of the archangel Michael and Gabriel, the author of which was Clement of Ohrid. There were obvious colloquial elements, but the colloquial (common) facts of the Russian language are especially clearly recorded in another monument of this collection – in the Torment of Paraskeva Friday. In this article, this text is analyzed in comparison with the texts presented in the Great Menaion Reader of the SVT. St. Demetrius of Rostov and in the collection of the 15th century from the Collection of the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius. The author defines the broad and narrow contexts of the study. The first is connected with the Church Slavonic problems (language, writing), the second with the 15th century, the time when the so-called ‘second South Slavic influence’ was fully manifested. Church Slavonic itself is not a scientific term, although it emerged from a scientific tradition. We can define what the Russian language is by referring to ethnic and geographical boundaries, cultural and spiritual traditions, historical certainty, and keeping in mind, which is very important for the language, its ‘functional side’. It is impossible to evaluate the Church Slavonic language from these positions. Russian is a language that has developed different principles of development, and in relation to the Russian language, the Church Slavonic language appears to be as much an independent unit (a separate scientific ‘subject’) as the dialect language, which was the subject of lively discussions in its time, or the Russian spoken language, which occupies a strong position in the niche of the Russian language to this day. The Church Slavonic language is ultimately the desired object of Slavistic research, and the way to determine its structure and functional status lies through the analysis of specific written sources. The conclusions about the ‘colloquial’ (‘simple’, perhaps common) Church Slavonic language of the Torment of Paraskeva Friday according to the list of Thn-185 are quite obvious, the language of the monument according to this list destroys the myth of the so-called ‘second South Slavic influence’. The analysis allows us to take a new look at what we call the Church Slavonic language, to understand that the Church Slavonic language is still an unidentified linguistic object, rather than a philological one, because this language cannot be separated from the text. The text is the environment in which it exists. Linguistics has adopted the tools of linguistic analysis, which since ancient times served philological purposes, it is already presented in the ΤνΝη γραμματική of Dionysius of Thrace, but it did not serve to describe and understand language as such, the main task of grammatics was considered to be the evaluation of the work, “what is the best of all that grammar does”. This helps in the qualification of what is written in the Church Slavonic language: it should not only contain the traditional forms and vocabulary of this language (also with the traditional permissibility of innovations), but also have a functional correlation, correspond to the sphere of existence of Church Slavonic texts.

Highly Effective Learning and Application Thereof to Roma Pupils Elementary Education System in Slovakia

Fragmentation of educational content, caused by the scientific-subject structure of the traditional school, in many cases inhibits the motivation and activity of pupils in the educational process. The saturation of knowledge, skills, and competencies— especially of roma pupils in elementary education—is thus underestimated and in many cases lags behind the standard level of the majority of pupils. It follows that the effectiveness of elementary education—especially for roma pupils—increases proportionally with the relevancy and a certain attractiveness of teaching organizational forms and methods whereby it is implemented. One of the alternative solutions for increasing the level of effectiveness of elementary education (inter alia) of roma pupils is the pedagogical concept of highly effective learning based on an integrated thematic teaching system. It turns out that in this context this concept can be considered as a motivating and activating element expanding the knowledge level of pupils, while at the same time enriching them educationally. It integrates strategies that are focused on the discovery, action, cooperative, authentic, and confluent learning of pupils. This paper deals with the issue of the educational concept of highly effective learning in terms of its application to roma pupils in the first grade of elementary education. It presents the current results of a pedagogical experiment as the elementary empirical method of research in the field of social climate, creativity, and the level of knowledge of pupils within the elementary first-grade educational environment.

Approach to automatic population of ontologies of scientific subject domain using lexico-syntactic patterns

This paper presents an approach to automatic population of ontologies of a scientific subject domain (SSD) using Lexico-Syntactic Patterns (LSPs) and a corpus of texts related to modeled domain. The main feature of this approach is that such patterns are automatically built based on Ontology Design Patterns of other types provided by the system for the automated development of SSD ontologies using heterogeneous Ontology Design Patterns. The implementation of the ontology population using constructed LSPs is described in detail. The results of the experiments on the SSD ontology population are presented. It is noted that there is a problem in establishing a subject of a relation when extracting facts. To address this problem, the authors are planning to employ the coreference resolution methods.

The reality of the suitability of the science teacher specialization path in the intermediate stage in Saudi Arabia for teaching science courses and the difficulties of implementation from the point of view of teachers in Tabuk: واقع ملاءمة مسار تخصص معلم العلوم بالمرحلة المتوسطة في السعودية لتدريس مقررات العلوم وصعوبات التنفيذ من وجهة نظر المعلمين بتبوك

The study aimed to identify the appropriateness of the science teacher's specialization path in the intermediate stage in Saudi Arabia for teaching science courses and the difficulties of implementation from the point of view of teachers in Tabuk. The study used the descriptive method, and a questionnaire surveyed the opinions of teachers. It was distributed to a sample of (41) middle school science teachers in public schools in the city of Tabuk. The results of the study showed that the reality of the appropriateness of the science teacher's specialization path in the intermediate stage for teaching science courses obtained an overall average of (4.18). Or by (83.6%) and reflects the appropriateness of (weakly), and it also revealed difficulties that hinder the appropriateness of science books from the teachers’ point of view with a total average (4.18 from 5), a degree (highly), and at the level of sub-specialties, physics got the highest average (4.20). Then chemistry with an average of (4.19) and finally biology with an average of (4.14), all of which are difficulties with a degree of (highly), meaning that the contents of science courses do not fit with the course of their specialization , also there is no statistical significant differences between the teachers’ responses on the scale of the appropriateness of the science teacher’s specialization path to the scientific subject content of the science book at the intermediate stage , the study recommended the need to re-planning and implementing the science method in proportion to the method of separate subjects, and to reconsider the plans of preparation of science teachers in Saudi universities.

Analysis of challenges faced and the scientific content of a hybrid pediatric surgical conference arranged during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background Scientific conferences which are considered as an important event for dissemination of research and related academic activities were badly affected during the COVID-19 pandemic. Virtual format for interaction was used as an alternative method to continue such academic discourse. However, this did not provide the same level of communication and interest as that of in-person meetings. With evolving knowledge about the COVID-19 pandemic especially its transmission, role of vaccine, and observing standard operating procedures (SOPs), fear among healthcare providers is mitigated to some extent. Keeping in mind the importance of scientific conferences in the context of sharing knowledge and its impact on the training of faculty members and postgraduate residents, a hybrid conference was planned by the national association of pediatric surgeons. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review the challenges faced during the organization of this conference as well as to analyze the pattern of registration, number of abstracts received, the gender of the participants and their status, region of the country they represented, type of presentation made, and scientific subject covered. SPSS version 22 was used for data entry. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to present data. Chi square test was applied to find out the association between categorical variables and a p value < 0.05 was considered as significant. Results A total of 170 pediatric surgeons and postgraduate residents participated from all over the country and abroad. Nearly half (47.1%) of the registrants were postgraduate residents. Most of the participants (90%) opted for in-person attendance. The venue was selected with a capacity to house more than double the number of registrants with provision of safe distance. Availability of face masks, gloves, and sanitizers was ensured by the organizers. Packed meal boxes were arranged and served at the venue site in an open place on the terrace. A total of 97 abstracts were accepted for presentation that included 57 (58.8%) long oral podium and 40 (41.2%) poster presentations. Most of the studies (n=48–49.4%) were related to the subject of gastroenterology including pancreatico-hepatobiliary system and spleen. Majority of the presenters were male (p = 0.046) and postgraduate residents (p = 0.001). Conclusion It was possible to organize a hybrid annual medical conference where most of the participants preferred physical presence. A rich scientific program was made to cater the needs for pediatric surgical fraternity. Residents made attractive presentations. It was noted that physical presence during clinical conference produced effective communication and learning.

Coercion to destroy other people’s money between sharia Jordan’s Civil Code: Comparative study: الإكراه على إتلاف مال الغير بين الشريعة الإسلامية والقانون المدني الأردني: دراسة مقارنة

This research deals with the issue of coercion to destroy the money of others in Islamic sharia and Jordanian civil law and the importance of this research is evident by showing the picture of the truth of the jurisprudential issues based on this type of coercion. And the sharia ruling in these pictures. And the problem of the research revolved around the sayings of scholars about the reality of coercion. The main objective of the study is to make a comparison between sharia and Jordanian civil law in this matter. As for the key words included in the research. They Are: coercion money destruction of money. Immoral coercion. And unresolved coercion. As for relying in this study on three main approaches. Namely: 1. the inductive approach for all the scientific subject: by referring to what I have available to me from language and fundamentals books. Branches and jurisprudential rules. And books on jurisprudential and law. 2 the analytical method for this available research material by presenting the sayings of scholars in Islamic law and Jordanian civil law 3. The comparative approach by presenting the saying of the four schools of thought and the Jordanian civil law 4 the attribution of the Quran to their place in the noble Quran and the output of the hadiths based on the two sahib al – Bukhari. Then the four Sunnah again and attributing the effects contained in this study to their books and Sayers with judging.to achieve this topic. I divided my research into two coats. The first requirement: clarifies the definition of language and law. the pillars and conditions of coercion. types of coercion. recourse and non – recourse coercion. Moral coercion. And the evidence for the existence of coercion from the holy Quran and the Sunnah. As for the second requirement. It death with the effect of coercion on destroying the money of others in Islamic sharia and Jordanian civil law in coercion.

The William Heard Kilpatrick’s Project Method: on the 150th anniversary of the American educator

Introduction. The project method has been actively used as an important form of organizing the practice of teaching in the educational systems of many countries around the world over the past hundred years. This method is increasingly being used in our country. The very concept of "project method" is invariably associated with the name of its author and popularizer, a major American educator of the late XIX – first half of the XXth centuries. William Heard Kilpatrick (1871-1965). The purpose of the issue is to study the circumstances of the process of formation of W. H. Kilpatrick as a didactic scientist and the creation of a method of projects by him and his associates. Materials and methods. The leading research methods are the analysis of scientific historical and pedagogical literature and other sources, biographical and historical methods, as well as an axiological approach aimed at identifying the value content of the studied scientific subject. Results. The author traces the evolution of W. H. Kilpatrick's views, the stages of his formation as a didactic scientist and a practical teacher. Little-known facts of his biography, which were not previously reflected in the Russian historical and pedagogical literature, are given. Special attention is paid to the disclosure of the essence of the proposed method of projects, which is widely used in pedagogy and education in many countries of the world. The educational system of W. H. Kilpatrick's "experimentalism" was based on the philosophy of pragmatism and the psychology of behaviorism. Instead of a traditional school, he proposed to build a so-called "educational process", which he considered as the organization of children's activities in a social environment focused on enriching their individual experience. Training according to the project method was to be carried out through the organization of target acts, which included the formulation of the problem, the preparation of a plan for its implementation and the assessment of implementation. The use of these projects, according to W. H. Kilpatrick, wouldn’t only prepare the child for life after school, but also help him organize his life in the present. Data on the teacher E. Collings, who also worked on the problem of developing the project method, is included. The project classifications are given according to E. Collings and W. H. Kilpatrick. The author shows the scientific relations of W. H. Kilpatrick with a number of well-known teachers-contemporaries (J. Dewey, E. L. Thorndike, E. Collings, F. W. Parker, C. DeGarmo, etc.). Conclusion. The scientific novelty of the study consists in a meaningful analysis of the views of W. H. Kilpatrick. The legitimacy of the very concept of the project method has long been beyond doubt among serious researchers and practitioners of education. At present, the project method has actually received a rebirth in various spheres of social and industrial life. The main conclusion of the article: the didactic legacy of this major American teacher is significant. It contains a value potential, requires further full-fledged study and deserves active use in modern domestic education.