scholarly journals The First Ten Years of Kim Jong-il's Economic Policy: Changes and Future Direction of North Korea's Economic Policy

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Chong-Ryel Bae
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
Economic Management ◽  
Third Way ◽  
Kim Il Sung ◽  
Korean Economy ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Improvement Measures ◽  
Future Direction

What will the North Korean economy look like a decade from now? Ever since North Korea's implementation of its Economic Management Improvement Measures in July 2002, a wide range of views have been voiced with regard to the future direction of the North Korean economy. This paper discusses what changed and what remained the same during the ten years since the death of Kim Il-Sung in July 1994, after which North Korea began trying to change its economy in accordance with its own version of socialism. The current state of the North Korean economy makes certain things clear. Difficult though it may be to predict how the quantitative aspects of the North Korean economy will change, there is general agreement that it will increasingly become market-oriented. However, there is no agreement on the pace of transition. Will it be a radical bang or a gradual transformation or a third-way. The future direction of the North Korean economy will become more evident over time.

scholarly journals The North Korean Economy: Sustainable or Muddling-Through?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8478
Author(s):  
Soohyon Kim ◽  
Wook Sohn ◽  
Changyong Choi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Research ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Policy Changes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Korean Economy ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Economic Journal ◽  
Survival Level

Confronting the continuing economic sanctions, the flood disaster, and the COVID 19, North Korea is now in a critical phase whether the North Korean economy will shift to a sustainable economy or, as it has done in the past three decades, barely manage to maintain at a survival level. To explore the question, this study investigates North Korea’s economic policy changes by extracting the keywords from the North Korean economic journal Economic Research, which is a representative state published document. We use a text mining approach to overcome limitations, such as the lack of objectivity and accuracy of the classification of topics in manual text analysis for North Korean studies. Contrary to the conventional assumption that the North Korean economic policies are driven by dogmatic Juche (self-reliance) ideology, we find that the strategy of economic policies differs depending on the leader and political and economic circumstances at the time. In particular, since Kim Jong-un assumed office in 2011, the topics have diversified, and now cover a wide range of subjects on capitalism. Nevertheless, without North Korea’s decisive reform measures and international cooperation, it will be hard to observe that the North Korean economy can go beyond ‘muddling-through’ for sustainable development.

scholarly journals Economic well-being and social justice through pleasure reading

2016 ◽  
Vol 117 (9/10) ◽  
pp. 557-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pauline Dewan
Keyword(s):  
Information Science ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Recreational Reading ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pleasure Reading ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Advocacy Role ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Librarians planning for the future and unsure about the place of books in an age dominated by technology and media need evidence to make sound decisions. Library and information science researchers have studied the impact of pleasure reading on individuals but not on society. The purpose of this paper is to raise awareness about the benefits of recreational reading for societies and to consider the implications of these findings for libraries. Design/methodology/approach Examining a wide range of studies by government bodies, intergovernmental agencies and academics, this paper addresses a gap in the library literature by critically evaluating the combined implications of sources not hitherto viewed together. Findings The more leisure books people read, the more literate they become, and the more prosperous and equitable the society they inhabit. Practical implications Librarians should create a more robust culture of reading and play a stronger advocacy role for books in libraries. Originality/value No one has yet examined government reports about literacy in relation to studies on the impact of pleasure reading. The implications of this combined research highlight the fact that pleasure reading benefits societies as well as individuals, a finding that has significant implications for the future direction of libraries. Decision-makers who need a robust mandate for book-focused resources and services will find supportive statistical evidence in this paper.

On / Off Switchable Physical Stimuli Regulates the Future Direction of Adherent Cellular Fate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indong Jun ◽  
Hyung-Seop Han ◽  
Jae Won Lee ◽  
Kyungwoo Lee ◽  
Yu-Chan Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Science ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Physical Stimuli ◽  
Future Direction ◽  
Cellular Fate

The utilization of cell-manipulating techniques reveals information about biological behaviors suited to address a wide range of questions in the field of life science. Here, we introduced an on/off switchable...

scholarly journals The distribution of daily rainfall in Australia and simulated future changes

2017 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Ian G. Watterson ◽  
Tony Rafter
Keyword(s):  
Grid Point ◽  
Daily Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Cmip5 Models ◽  
The North ◽  
Four Seasons ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
New Statistics ◽  
Shed Light

This study extends recent projections of monthly and daily precipitation over Australia by analysing the full frequency distribution of daily rain amounts and making projections of the new statistics wet-day fraction and top percentile of rain. Simulations from an ensemble of 33 CMIP5 models are used, together with six simulations from the downscaling model CCAM, with the data analysed on the model grids. Consistent with its higher resolution (0.5°), CCAM provides a more skilful simulation for the extreme grid point rainfall than most CMIP5 models. CCAM compares well with AWAP gridded data for wet-day fraction, while there is a wide range of CMIP5 results. In the future climate of 2080–2099 under the RCP8.5 scenario, changes in mean rainfall of both signs occur within the CMIP5 ensemble for most regions and seasons, although mean winter rainfall in southern Australia declines 5 to 30 per cent in most models and in CCAM. CCAM simulates increases in summer, and also more wet days, in contrast to CMIP5. Aside from the north in winter, the changes from CMIP5 become increasingly positive, on stepping from mean to top percentile to twenty-year extreme rainfall, a contrast of typically 25 per cent. There is much less contrast between these statistics from CCAM. The distributions of rain amounts shed light on these different projections. Averaged over Australia and four seasons, CCAM produces a broader distribution than the CMIP5 ensemble mean. However much of the future increase is in the 2 to 8 mm daily range, whereas CMIP5 distributions tend to shift towards amounts in the range 30 mm to 200 mm. Further assessment of such distributions in both these and newer versions of CCAM, ACCESS and other GCMs is recommended.

Conference Reports

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-234
Author(s):  
Edin Mujagic ◽  
Dóra Győrffy ◽  
László Jankovics
Keyword(s):  
Economic Policy ◽  
European Association ◽  
Policy Research ◽  
Conference Report ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Summer Institute ◽  
The West ◽  
The Future ◽  
Economic Studies ◽  
The Eu

EMU Enlargement to the East and the West CEPR/ESI Conference. Report of the 8th annual conference of the Centre for Economic Policy Research (CEPR) and the European Summer Institute (ESI) held in September 2004 in Budapest, Hungary. (Conference report by Edin Mujagic); Dilemmas around the future enlargement of the EU-EACES Conference. The European Association for Comparative Economic Studies (EACES) held its 8th biannual conference at the Faculty of Economics in Belgrade on September 23-25, 2004. (Conference report by Dóra Gyõrffy and László Jankovics)

On Riccia marginata and related species (Ricciaceae, Marchantiophyta)

2012 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 298-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Potemkin ◽  
T. Ahti
Keyword(s):  
Related Species ◽  
Lake Ladoga ◽  
Leningrad Region ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
Molecular Studies ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Town

Riccia marginata Lindb. was described by S. O. Lindberg (1877) from the outskirts of the town of Sortavala near the north shore of Lake Ladoga, Republic of Karelia, Russia. The species has been forgotten in most recent liverwort accounts of Europe, including Russia. Lectotypification of R. marginata is provided. R. marginata shares most characters with R. beyrichiana Hampe ex Lehm. It differs from “typical” plants of R. beyrichiana in having smaller spores, with ± distinctly finely areolate to roughly papillose proximal surfaces and a narrower and shorter thallus, as well as in scarcity or absence of marginal hairs. It may represent continental populations of the suboceanic-submediterranean R. beyrichiana, known in Russia from the Leningrad Region and Karelia only. The variability of spore surfaces in R. beyrichiana is discussed and illustrated by SEM images. A comparison with the spores of R. bifurca Hoffm. is provided. The question how distinct R. marginata is from R. beyrichiana needs to be clarified by molecular studies in the future, when adequate material is available. R. marginata is for the time being, provisionally, included in R. beyrichiana.

Features of optative modality in Macedonian language (with emphasis on the functionalities of independent da-construction)

2020 ◽  
pp. 301-323
Author(s):  
Natalya I. Kikilo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Natural Context ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Text Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ritual Context

In the Macedonian literary language the analytic da-construction used in an independent clause has a wide range of possible modal meanings, the most common of which are imperative and optative. The present article offers a detailed analysis of the semantics and functions of the Macedonian optative da-construction based on fiction and journalistic texts. The first part of the article deals with the specificities of the optative as a category which primarily considers the subject of a wish. In accordance with the semantic characteristics of this category, optative constructions are used in those discourse text types where the speakers are explicitly designated (the most natural context for the optative is the dialogue). The analysis of the Macedonian material includes instances of atypical usage of the optative da-construction, in which the wish of the subject is not apparent and thereby produces new emotional tonalities perceptible to the reader of a fiction/journalistic text. The study describes Macedonian constructions involving two different verb forms: 1) present tense form (da + praes) and 2) imperfective form (da + impf). These constructions formally designate the hypothetical and counterfactual status of the optative situation, respectively. Thus, the examples in the analysis are ordered according to two types of constructions, which reflect the speaker’s view on the probability of the realisation of his/her wish. Unrealistic wishes can be communicated through the present da-construction, while the imperfective construction denotes situations in which the wish can be realised in the future. The second part of the article is devoted to performative optative da-constructions, which express formulas of speech etiquette, wishes and curses. The analysis demonstrates that these constructions lose their magical functions, when used outside of the ritual context, and begin to function as interjections.

Characteristics of Asian Mosquito Saliva Allergens for Specific Diagnoses and Effective Therapies

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soung-Hoo Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Reaction ◽  
East Asia ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Recombinant Allergens ◽  
Systemic Reactions ◽  
The Future ◽  
Mosquito Saliva ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Future Direction

An allergic reaction to mosquitoes can result in severe or abnormal local or systemic reactions such as anaphylaxis, angioedema, and general urticarial or wheezing. The aim of this review is to provide information on mosquito saliva allergens that can support the production of highly specific recombinant saliva allergens. In particular, candidate allergens of mosquitoes that are well suited to the ecology of mosquitoes that occur mainly in East Asia will be identified and introduced. By doing so, the diagnosis and treatment of patients with severe sensitivity to mosquito allergy will be improved by predicting the characteristics of East Asian mosquito allergy, presenting the future direction of production of recombinant allergens, and understanding the difference between East and West.

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