Integrated management for conservation and sustainable use of heathland

2013 ◽  
pp. 355-369
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Sustainable Use

scholarly journals Toward a Reduced Reliance on Conventional Pesticides in European Agriculture

Plant Disease ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay Ram Lamichhane ◽  
Silke Dachbrodt-Saaydeh ◽  
Per Kudsk ◽  
Antoine Messéan
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Pesticide Use ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
European Agriculture

Whether modern agriculture without conventional pesticides will be possible or not is a matter of debate. The debate is meaningful within the context of rising health and environmental awareness on one hand, and the global challenge of feeding a steadily growing human population on the other. Conventional pesticide use has come under pressure in many countries, and some European Union (EU) Member States have adopted policies for risk reduction following Directive 2009/128/EC, the sustainable use of pesticides. Highly diverse crop production systems across Europe, having varied geographic and climatic conditions, increase the complexity of European crop protection. The economic competitiveness of European agriculture is challenged by the current legislation, which banned the use of many previously authorized pesticides that are still available and applied in other parts of the world. This challenge could place EU agricultural production at a disadvantage, so EU farmers are seeking help from the research community to foster and support integrated pest management (IPM). Ensuring stable crop yields and quality while reducing the reliance on pesticides is a challenge facing the farming community is today. Considering this, we focus on several diverse situations in European agriculture in general and in European crop protection in particular. We emphasize that the marked biophysical and socio-economic differences across Europe have led to a situation where a meaningful reduction in pesticide use can hardly be achieved. Nevertheless, improvements and/or adoption of the knowledge and technologies of IPM can still achieve large gains in pesticide reduction. In this overview, the current pest problems and their integrated management are discussed in the context of specific geographic regions of Europe, with a particular emphasis on reduced pesticide use. We conclude that there are opportunities for reduction in many parts of Europe without significant losses in crop yields.

scholarly journals Legal basis for the implementation of the ecosystem approach in the state environmental policy of Ukraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 46-68
Author(s):  
Ye. Suietnov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Basis ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Land Water

The article is devoted to the study of the legal basis for the implementation of the ecosystem approach, which is a strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way, in the state environmental policy of Ukraine. Based on the analysis of the provisions of the main political and legal acts of environmental direction, both general, first of all – the Law of Ukraine «On the Basic principles (strategy) of state environmental policy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030», and focused on the protection and use of certain natural resources, objects and complexes, as well as policy documents from other spheres of public life, it was concluded that all of them directly or indirectly touch on the issues of conservation and restoration of natural ecosystems and implementation of the ecosystem approach, which gives reason to speak of a certain tendency towards «ecosystemization» of the state environmental policy of Ukraine, which, according to the author, should be continued and strengthened. In addition, it is obvious that despite the successes in the legislative consolidation of these issues, it is extremely important to create the conditions for their implementation, and therefore, it is hoped that these documents would not remain declarative, but would be quickly realized in practice.

scholarly journals Integrated Management for the Reduction of Calonectria Infections in Ornamental Nurseries

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro Cinquerrui ◽  
Giancarlo Polizzi ◽  
Dalia Aiello ◽  
Alessandro Vitale
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Important Data ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Resistant Strains

Chemical control represents the main effective strategy for managing Calonectria diseases in ornamental nurseries. The occurrence of fungicide-resistant strains and the European Directive on “Sustainable Use of Pesticides” has forced ornamental plant growers to establish effective integrated pest management strategies to control Calonectria infections. Here, three nursery experiments were performed to detect the best combinations of fungicides and biological control agents (BCA) to control both leaf spot, caused by six Calonectria spp. on bottlebrush and metrosideros, and stem rot, caused by Calonectria morganii on Dodonaea plants. Overall, the cyprodinil + fludioxonil mixture alone or combined with bioformulates containing Bacillus, Trichoderma, and Streptomyces spp. provided the best performance in reducing leaf spot and stem rot caused by Calonectria spp., followed by the mixture of boscalid + pyraclostrobin. Although BCA alone provided disease suppression significantly lower than the controls in most cases, these treatments were, on average, the least effective in controlling Calonectria infections. Otherwise, there were no significant increases in efficacy with fungicides plus BCA over fungicides alone. Thus, the application of boscalid + pyraclostrobin and cyprodinil + fludioxonil mixtures may also be used in large-scale applications to reduce Calonectria diseases because they effectively managed leaf and stem infections. Our comprehensive research applied previously acquired information on Calonectria disease management in nurseries, resulting in important data that affects integrated plans to fight these pathogens in accordance with European legislation.

scholarly journals Federal conservation units in Rondônia: history, management and socio-environmental importance

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (7) ◽  
pp. 219-228
Author(s):  
Maria Cristina Marques ◽  
Dany Roberta Marques Caldeira
Keyword(s):  
Protected Area ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Academic Community ◽  
Access To Information ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Northern Brazil ◽  
Gathering Data ◽  
Environmental Importance

Protected areas are legally established geographic portions to promote the protection of ecosystems. Law No. 9,985/2000, which established the National System of Nature Conservation Units (SNUC), introduced legal instruments and practical requirements for the creation and management of this type of protected area. This work investigated federal conservation units, which has its limits, albeit partially, in the State of Rondônia, Northern Brazil, regarding aspects of management and application of legal instruments. The items investigated include the mosaic management and implementation plan, gathering data to facilitate access to information, both for the academic community and for the population in general. Rondônia has 14 CUs of five categories, seven of the sustainable use group and seven of the integral protection group, managed by the Chico Mendes Institute for Biodiversity Protection (ICMBio). Of the 14 CUs, five have no management plan; on the other hand, despite the proximity of some units, 53.84% do not compose official mosaics or integrated management. The lack of adequate human, financial, and management resources are among the scores that lead to poor effectiveness in these areas.

scholarly journals Usos da Terra e Conservação da Biodiversidade na Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Marapanim, Pará (Land use and biodiversity conservation in the Marapanim River Basin, Pará)

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 929
Author(s):  
Lucyana Barros Santos ◽  
Andréa Dos Santos Coelho ◽  
Márcia Nazaré Rodrigues Barros ◽  
Norbert Fenzl ◽  
Otávio do Canto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Conservation Units ◽  
Agricultural Colonization ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Original Vegetation ◽  
Extractive Reserves ◽  
Basin Area

A bacia hidrográfica do rio Marapanim está localizada na região nordeste do estado do Pará, que se constitui em uma das fronteiras de colonização agrícola mais antiga da Amazônia, e que ao longo do seu processo de ocupação sofreu forte pressão sobre sua cobertura vegetal. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar a dinâmica do desmatamento, a partir dos usos da terra, e a aplicabilidade das Áreas Prioritárias para Conservação (APC) nas políticas de gestão territorial do estado como o Zoneamento Ecológico Econômico (ZEE). Os resultados mostraram um quadro grave de supressão da cobertura vegetal, que resultou em 80% da área da bacia desmatada. Esse quadro é acompanhado pela fragmentação da floresta o que ocasiona fragmentação de habitats e perda de biodiversidade. Como alternativa para a reversão desse quadro, propõe-se ações associadas ao ordenamento dos planos diretores municipais, à gestão integrada, à formação de cadeia produtiva para uso sustentável dos recursos naturais, à criação de UCs, uma vez que na área da bacia existem apenas duas de uso sustentável que são as Reservas Extrativistas Marinhas Cuiara Cuinarana e Mestre Lucindo, a fim de garantir a conservação e proteção dos remanescentes florestais na região da bacia hidrográfica do rio Marapanim.  A B S T R A C TThe Marapanim River Basin, located in the northeastern region of Pará, is one of the oldest agricultural colonization frontiers in the Amazon, which caused strong pressure on the original vegetation during the occupation process. The objective of this work is to analyze the dynamics of deforestation due to land use and the importance of the Priority Areas for Conservation (PAC) for the state's territorial management policies such as the Economic Ecological Zoning (EEZ). The results showed that 80% of the basin area is already deforested. The consequences are forest fragmentation, which leads to fragmentation of habitats and loss of biodiversity. To mitigate the problem, the authors propose associated actions to (i) the municipal management plans, (ii) the integrated management, (iii) the creation of productivity chains for the sustainable use of natural resources, and (iv) the implementation of new conservation units, since there are actually only two units for sustainable use that are Marine Extractive Reserves Cuiara Cuinarana and Mestre Lucindo in the basin area. Such a methodology will ensure conservation and protection of the remaining forests in the Marapanim river basinKey words: Land use. Biodiversity. River basin.

Challenges to Protecting the Marine Environment beyond National Jurisdiction

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristina M. Gjerde
Keyword(s):  
Marine Environment ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Human History ◽  
Global Community ◽  
The Past ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
The Law

Abstract In the past thirty years since the signing of the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC), the ocean has changed more than in all of human history before. It is now facing a multitude of interconnected threats that require comprehensive, precautionary and integrated management. This review of the environmental provisions in Part XII of the LOSC with respect to the high seas and the seabed area beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) reveals significant strengths as well as substantial weaknesses and gaps. Governments are now grappling with how to address problems related to the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in ABNJ. This commentary concludes that Part XII will need strengthening, including through an implementing agreement, to enable the global community to cope with the escalating challenges of a changing ocean.

A Cloud Computing Architecture to Map Trawling Activities Using Positioning Data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Galdelli ◽  
A. Mancini ◽  
A. N. Tassetti ◽  
C. Ferrà Vega ◽  
E. Armelloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Major Development

Abstract Descriptive and spatially-explicit information on fisheries plays a key role for an efficient integrated management of the maritime activities and the sustainable use of marine resources. However, this information is today still hard to obtain and, consequently, is a major issue for implementing Marine Spatial Planning (MSP). Since 2002, the Automatic Identification System (AIS) has been undergoing a major development allowing now for a real time geo-tracking and identification of equipped vessels of more than 15m in length overall (LOA) and, if properly processed, for the production of adequate information for MSP. Such monitoring systems or other low-cost and low-burden solutions are still missing for small vessels (LOA < 12m), whose catches and fishing effort remain spatially unassessed and, hence, unregulated. In this context, we propose an architecture to process vessel tracking data, understand the behaviour of trawling fleets and map related fishing activities. It could be used to process not only AIS data but also positioning data from other low cost systems as IoT sensors that share their position over LoRa and 2G/3G/4G links. Analysis gives back important and verified data (overall accuracy of 92% for trawlers) and opens up development perspectives for monitoring small scale fisheries, helping hence to fill fishery data gaps and obtain a clearer picture of the fishing grounds as a whole.

scholarly journals International legal obligations of Ukraine for the conservation and res-toration of natural ecosystems and the implementation of the ecosystem ap-proach

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-80
Author(s):  
Ye. P. Suietnov
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Ecosystem Approach ◽  
Nature Management ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Legal Obligations ◽  
The Status ◽  
Constitutional Right ◽  
State Of The Environment

The article analyzes the provisions of the multilateral and bilateral international legal treaties of Ukraine aimed at the conservation and restoration of natural ecosystems and the implementation of an ecosystem approach, which is a strategy for the integrated management of land, water and living resources that promotes conservation and sustainable use in an equitable way.Based on the conducted research, it is concluded that these issues are among the most important and relevant at the international legal level, therefore, our state, having assumed relevant obligations in this area, should focus its efforts to their proper reflection in the national regulatory and legal field and their practical realization.It is hoped that in the near future, the outlined issues will receive increased attention both at the level of environmental legislation and in practical terms, because according to the Law of Ukraine «On the Basic principles (strategy) of state environmental policy of Ukraine for the period up to 2030» dated 28.02.2019, which now has the status of a leading pointer in the environmental sphere, the goal of state environmental policy is to achieve a good state of the environment by introducing an ecosystem approach to all areas of socio-economic development of Ukraine to ensure the constitutional right of every citizen to a clean and safe environment, introduction of balanced nature management and conservation and restoration of natural ecosystems.

scholarly journals Sustainable use of plant protection products in heroic viticulture areas. Reducing risks to the environment and winemaking.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Antonio Cortinas Rodriguez ◽  
M. Eva Fernandez-Conde
Keyword(s):  
Plant Protection ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Meteorological Parameter ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Spore Trap ◽  
North West ◽  
Landscape Characteristics ◽  
Contour Lines ◽  
The Right

Objective: The aim and objective of this article is to focus on the importance of the rational use of plant protection products to combat vine fungi and at the same time reduce their risks to human health and the environment. The integrated management of fungal diseases aims to achieve the development of healthy crops with the minimum alteration of agro-ecosystems and the promotion of natural mechanisms. Material and methods: The study was carried out in one vineyard in Ribeira Sacra (North-West Spain) during 2018. Souto vineyard is located at 438 m above mean sea level (42° 24' 27.67" N 7° 28' 20.06" W; northwest-southeast orientation) in the lower terraces of the river Sil's banks, following the contour lines and with gradients of up to 80%. The variety studied was Godello, for sampling the reproductive structures in the air (spores of Botrytis and Erysiphe and sporangia of Plasmopara), a Lanzoni VPPS-2000® spore trap (Lanzoni s.r.l., Bologna, Italy) was used. Results: The Botrytis Seasonal Spore Integral (SSIn) was markedly higher than for the other pathogens under consideration. Taking into account the maximum daily values, a clear dominance of Botrytis spores was also found, with a maximum of 397 spores/m3 at the beginning of June, while Erysiphe and Plasmopara were recorded at around 26 and 227 spores/m3, respectively, at the beginning of august and mid-July. The statistical analysis of the spore concentrations and the main meteorological variables showed for Erysiphe that the highest Spearman's r correlation coefficient corresponded to the rainfall, as for Plasmopara airbone sporangia, but with a negative sign, while for Botrytis spores, no significant correspondence was found for any meteorological parameter. Conclusion: The use of plant protection products can be much more effective if fungicides are applied at the right time, at the precise doses and combined with agricultural techniques of management of the vineyards. There are sustainable and profitable alternatives that can improve vine yields while protecting the environment in areas of heroic viticulture where the vineyard, is a fundamental element of the wine-growing landscape, combining as it does historical, cultural and landscape characteristics.

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