A Cloud Computing Architecture to Map Trawling Activities Using Positioning Data

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Galdelli ◽  
A. Mancini ◽  
A. N. Tassetti ◽  
C. Ferrà Vega ◽  
E. Armelloni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Major Development

Abstract Descriptive and spatially-explicit information on fisheries plays a key role for an efficient integrated management of the maritime activities and the sustainable use of marine resources. However, this information is today still hard to obtain and, consequently, is a major issue for implementing Marine Spatial Planning (MSP). Since 2002, the Automatic Identification System (AIS) has been undergoing a major development allowing now for a real time geo-tracking and identification of equipped vessels of more than 15m in length overall (LOA) and, if properly processed, for the production of adequate information for MSP. Such monitoring systems or other low-cost and low-burden solutions are still missing for small vessels (LOA < 12m), whose catches and fishing effort remain spatially unassessed and, hence, unregulated. In this context, we propose an architecture to process vessel tracking data, understand the behaviour of trawling fleets and map related fishing activities. It could be used to process not only AIS data but also positioning data from other low cost systems as IoT sensors that share their position over LoRa and 2G/3G/4G links. Analysis gives back important and verified data (overall accuracy of 92% for trawlers) and opens up development perspectives for monitoring small scale fisheries, helping hence to fill fishery data gaps and obtain a clearer picture of the fishing grounds as a whole.

scholarly journals Lockdown: How the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected the Fishing Activities in the Adriatic Sea (Central Mediterranean Sea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Russo ◽  
Marco Anelli Monti ◽  
Giacomo Toninato ◽  
Claudio Silvestri ◽  
Alessandra Raffaetà ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venice Lagoon ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Otter Trawl ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Strong Reduction ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Containment Measures ◽  
Almost All

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has brought a global socio-economic crisis to almost all sectors including the fishery. To limit the infection, governments adopted several containment measures. In Italy, Croatia, and Slovenia, a lockdown period was imposed from March to May 2020, during which many activities, including restaurants had to close or limit their business. All of this caused a strong reduction in seafood requests and consequently, a decrease in fishing activities. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the COVID-19 in the Northern and Central Adriatic fleet, by comparing the fishing activities in three periods (before, during, and after the lockdown) of 2019 and 2020. The use of the Automatic Identification System (AIS) data allowed us to highlight the redistribution of the fishing grounds of the trawlers, mainly located near the coasts during the 2020 lockdown period, as well as a reduction of about 50% of fishing effort. This reduction resulted higher for the Chioggia trawlers (−80%) and, in terms of fishing effort decrease, the large bottom otter trawl was the fishing segment mainly affected by the COVID-19 event. Moreover, by analysing the landings of the Chioggia fleet and the Venice lagoon fleets, it was possible to point out a strong reduction both in landings and profits ranging from −30%, for the small-scale fishery operating at sea, to −85%, for the small bottom otter trawl.

scholarly journals Global Fisheries Responses to Culture, Policy and COVID-19 from 2017 to 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 4507
Author(s):  
Bin He ◽  
Fengqin Yan ◽  
Hao Yu ◽  
Fenzhen Su ◽  
Vincent Lyne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Data ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Open Source Data ◽  
The Us

Global Fishing Watch (GFW) provides global open-source data collected via automated monitoring of vessels to help with sustainable management of fisheries. Limited previous global fishing effort analyses, based on Automatic Identification System (AIS) data (2017–2020), suggest economic and environmental factors have less influence on fisheries than cultural and political events, such as holidays and closures, respectively. As such, restrictions from COVID-19 during 2020 provided an unprecedented opportunity to explore added impacts from COVID-19 restrictions on fishing effort. We analyzed global fishing effort and fishing gear changes (2017–2019) for policy and cultural impacts, and then compared impacts of COVID-19 lockdowns across several countries (i.e., China, Spain, the US, and Japan) in 2020. Our findings showed global fishing effort increased from 2017 to 2019 but decreased by 5.2% in 2020. We found policy had a greater impact on monthly global fishing effort than culture, with Chinese longlines decreasing annually. During the lockdown in 2020, trawling activities dropped sharply, particularly in the coastal areas of China and Spain. Although Japan did not implement an official lockdown, its fishing effort in the coastal areas also decreased sharply. In contrast, fishing in the Gulf of Mexico, not subject to lockdown, reduced its scope of fishing activities, but fishing effort was higher. Our study demonstrates, by including the dimensions of policy and culture in fisheries, that large data may materially assist decision-makers to understand factors influencing fisheries’ efforts, and encourage further marine interdisciplinary research. We recommend the lack of data for small-scale Southeast Asian fisheries be addressed to enable future studies of fishing drivers and impacts in this region.

scholarly journals Low Cost Ais System for Safe Navigation

2008 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Gucma
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Limited Range ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Automatic Identification System ◽  
Small Vessels ◽  
Safe Navigation ◽  
Navigational Aid ◽  
Transfer Of Information

Low Cost Ais System for Safe Navigation Automatic Identification System (AIS) ensures automatic transfer of information between sea going vessels and land based monitoring centers. AIS transceivers are obligatory on board vessels of 300 gross register tones and over. System supports safe navigation at confined and open areas, whilst on the former mentioned is especially helpful due to limited range of radar. Article presents low cost AIS system for small vessels and leisure crafts where AIS is not obligatory but might be valuable navigational aid. Some aspects concerning accuracy are presented as well.

A Feature Encoding Approach and a Cloud Computing Architecture to Map Fishing Activities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Galdelli ◽  
A. Mancini ◽  
E. Frontoni ◽  
A. N. Tassetti
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Planning ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Marine Spatial Planning ◽  
Fishing Activity ◽  
Feature Encoding ◽  
Encoding Method ◽  
New Policies

Abstract Monitoring fish stocks and fleets’ activities is key for Marine Spatial Planning. In recent years Vessel Monitoring System and Automatic Identification System have been developed for vessels longer than 12 and 15m in length, respectively, while small scale vessels (< 12m in length) remain untracked and largely unregulated, even though they account for 83% of all fishing activity in the Mediterranean Sea. In this paper we present an architecture that makes use of a low-cost LoRa/cellular network to acquire and process positioning data from small scale vessels, and a feature encoding approach that can be easily extended to process and map small scale fisheries. The feature encoding method uses a Markov chain to model transitions between successive behavioural states (e.g., fishing, steaming) of each vessel and classify its activity. The approach is evaluated using k-fold and Leave One Boat Out cross-validations and, in both cases, it results in significant improvements in the classification of fishing activities. The use of a such low-cost and open source technology coupled to artificial intelligence could open up potential for more integrated and transparent platforms to inform coastal resource and fisheries management, and cross-border marine spatial planning. It enables a new monitoring strategy that could effectively include small-scale fleets and support the design of new policies oriented to the optimal use of marine resources.

scholarly journals The global network of ports supporting high seas fishing

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. eabe3470
Author(s):  
Jorge P. Rodríguez ◽  
Juan Fernández-Gracia ◽  
Carlos M. Duarte ◽  
Xabier Irigoien ◽  
Víctor M. Eguíluz
Keyword(s):  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Global Network ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
The Commons ◽  
High Seas

Fisheries in waters beyond national jurisdiction (“high seas”) are difficult to monitor and manage. Their regulation for sustainability requires critical information on how fishing effort is distributed across fishing and landing areas, including possible border effects at the exclusive economic zone (EEZ) limits. We infer the global network linking harbors supporting fishing vessels to fishing areas in high seas from automatic identification system tracking data in 2014, observing a modular structure, with vessels departing from a given harbor fishing mostly in a single province. The top 16% of these harbors support 84% of fishing effort in high seas, with harbors in low- and middle-income countries ranked among the top supporters. Fishing effort concentrates along narrow strips attached to the boundaries of EEZs with productive fisheries, identifying a free-riding behavior that jeopardizes efforts by nations to sustainably manage their fisheries, perpetuating the tragedy of the commons affecting global fishery resources.

scholarly journals Defining high-resolution dredge fishing grounds with Automatic Identification System (AIS) data

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damien Le Guyader ◽  
Cyril Ray ◽  
Françoise Gourmelon ◽  
David Brosset
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Data Access ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Automatic Identification System ◽  
Local Decision ◽  
Bay Of Brest ◽  
Maritime Spatial Planning

High resolution estimates of bottom towed fishing gears are needed to provide relevant information for natural resource management, impact assessment and maritime spatial planning. The use of satellite-based vessel monitoring system (VMS) data is constrained by data access restrictions as well as rather coarse data resolution. This study focuses on mapping dredge gear fishing grounds using fishing effort estimates at the métier level based on automatic identification system (AIS) data. The performance of the approach was evaluated in terms of correct discrimination between fishing and non-fishing activities for known fishing positions as well as appropriate error propagation. The test was conducted in the Bay of Brest (France) in partnership with a committee of local fishers. The results identified dredge fishing grounds for great scallop (Pecten maximus) in the western part of the Bay of Brest and provided high-resolution information for scientists and local decision makers on the spatial and temporal seasonal variability of fishing effort. The proposed method is semi-automatic and generic making it suitable for other applications.

scholarly journals Sensing the Same Fishing Fleet with AIS and VIIRS: A Seven-Year Assessment of Squid Jiggers in FAO Major Fishing Area 41

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Javier Ruiz ◽  
Isabel Caballero ◽  
Gabriel Navarro
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Food And Agriculture Organization ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Fishing Area

Global Fishing Watch and VIIRS-DNB (visible infrared imaging radiometer suite day/night band) signals are compared for the jigger fleet in FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) Major Fishing Area 41 during the maximum feasible time span (2012–2018). Both signals have shown a high degree of consistency at all temporal and spatial scales analyzed, including seasonal cycles, lack of signal for some years and interannual tendencies. This indicates that both signals are a fair representation of the fishing effort exerted by the jigger fleet in this zone. The high degree of consistency does not support views questioning satellite AIS (automatic identification system) as a reliable tool to survey fishing activities. Instead, our results add evidence supporting the value of remote sensing, in particular, when independent sources of information (such as VIIRS-DNB and AIS) are combined, as a relevant tool to add transparency and support compliance of fishing activities in vast and distant regions of the ocean.

scholarly journals A Bio-Economic Analysis of the Liberian Coastal Fisheries

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 9848
Author(s):  
Alvin Slewion Jueseah ◽  
Dadi Mar Kristofersson ◽  
Tumi Tómasson ◽  
Ogmundur Knutsson
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Exclusion Zone ◽  
Coastal Fisheries ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Limited Enforcement ◽  
Dugout Canoes ◽  
The Government

Many coastal fisheries are subject to harvesting externalities due to inadequate regulations compounded by limited enforcement. Coastal fisheries in Liberia consist of a fleet of dugout canoes (Kru) primarily targeting demersal finfish, larger open wooden boats propelled with outboard engines targeting small inshore pelagics (Fanti), and a small number of industrial trawlers employing midwater and bottom trawls targeting finfish and shrimp. This paper develops a bio-economic model for the coastal fisheries in Liberia and employs the model to identify economic optimal fishing effort and harvesting trajectories for the different coastal fleets. The results show under harvesting and disinvestments in the coastal fisheries in Liberia. In 2010 the Government of Liberia declared a six nautical mile inshore exclusion zone accessible only to small-scale fisheries (SSF), which was accompanied by increased enforcement. The coastal fleets in 2016 were profitable but the distribution of profits was tilted to the small-scale fleets. The government needs to evaluate what policy options are available to fully utilize the fisheries potential for different species complexes while at the same time reduce the risk of conflict and overharvesting. There appears to be a need for investment in new technologies, which can only take place if fishing in Liberia will remain profitable.

scholarly journals Combining participatory and socioeconomic approaches to map fishing effort in small-scale fisheries

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. e0176862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauric Thiault ◽  
Antoine Collin ◽  
Frédérique Chlous ◽  
Stefan Gelcich ◽  
Joachim Claudet
Keyword(s):  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries

scholarly journals Fishing Effort and Associated Catch per Unit Effort for Small-Scale Fisheries in the Mozambique Channel Region: 1950–2016

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Zeller ◽  
Gabriel M. S. Vianna ◽  
Matthew Ansell ◽  
Angie Coulter ◽  
Brittany Derrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fishing Effort ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Mozambique Channel ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Unit Effort ◽  
Fishing Capacity ◽  
Channel Region

The Mozambique Channel region in East Africa has diverse marine ecosystems and serves as a migratory corridor for economically important species. Local and foreign industrial fisheries operate in the Mozambique Channel, but regional small-scale fisheries are the crucially important fisheries that provide food security, livelihoods, and economic opportunities for rural coastal communities. This study reconstructed and investigated trends in the fishing effort and catch per unit effort (CPUE) of small-scale marine fisheries in four Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZ) that constitute the Mozambique Channel, i.e., Union of Comoros, Madagascar, Mayotte, and Mozambique, from 1950 to 2016. Effective fishing effort for small-scale fisheries in the form of fishing capacity in kWdays (i.e., kilowatt days) was derived using the number, length, motorization (engine power) by fishing vessels, as well as an approximate human-powered equivalent for shore-based fishers without vessels, as well as days of fishing per year. Effective small-scale fishing effort in the Mozambique Channel increased by nearly 60 times from just over 386,000 kWdays in 1950 to over 23 million kWdays in 2016. Correspondingly, the overall small-scale CPUE, based on previously and independently reconstructed catch data declined by 91% in the region as a whole, from just under 175 kg⋅kWday–1 in the early 1950s to just over 15 kg⋅kWday–1 in recent years. All four EEZs showed the strongest declines in the small-scale CPUE in the earlier decades, driven by motorization and growth in vessel numbers impacting effective fishing effort. Increased motorization combined with a substantial growth in overall vessel numbers were the drivers of the increasing fishing effort and decreasing CPUE, and clearly suggest that continuing to increase the fishing capacity of small-scale fisheries in the absence of effective and restrictive management actions may exacerbate overexploitation risk.

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