Effect Of Grafting Efficiency On Peel Strength, Contact Angle, Particle Size And Viscosity Of Butyl Acrylate–PUD Hybrid Adhesives For Plastic Laminates

2010 ◽  
pp. 239-252
Author(s):  
S. K. Patel ◽  
N. Khatik ◽  
R. N. Jagtap
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
Peel Strength ◽  
Grafting Efficiency ◽  
Plastic Laminates

Penetration Dynamics of Solid Particles into Liquids High-Speed Experimental Results and Modelling

2005 ◽  
Vol 473-474 ◽  
pp. 429-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Verezub ◽  
György Kaptay ◽  
Tomiharu Matsushita ◽  
Kusuhiro Mukai
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Aqueous Solutions ◽  
Particle Velocity ◽  
Weber Number ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Solid Particles ◽  
Bulk Liquid ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Critical Weber Number

Penetration of model solid particles (polymer, teflon, nylon, alumina) into transparent model liquids (distilled water and aqueous solutions of KI) were recorded by a high speed (500 frames per second) camera, while the particles were dropped from different heights vertically on the still surface of the liquids. In all cases a cavity has been found to form behind the solid particle, penetrating into the liquid. For each particle/liquid combination the critical dropping height has been measured, above which the particle was able to penetrate into the bulk liquid. Based on this, the critical impact particle velocity, and also the critical Weber number of penetration have been established. The critical Weber number of penetration was modelled as a function of the contact angle, particle size and the ratio of the density of solid particles to the density of the liquid.

Colloidal characteristics of gelatin-treated clay: Intercalation, stability, wettability, and rheological properties

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (9_suppl) ◽  
pp. S1361-S1370
Author(s):  
Xuwu Luo ◽  
Guancheng Jiang ◽  
Xinliang Li ◽  
Lili Yang
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Ζ Potential ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Clay Intercalation

In this paper, sodium montmorillonite was modified with gelatin of different concentrations, and various colloidal characteristics of the gelatin-treated clays were measured and analyzed in detail. First, the influence of gelatin on the interlayer space of Mt layers was investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis. Moreover, the aggregation of Mt particles was examined using a combination of electron microscopy and particle size distribution experiments, while the variation of the electrical property of Mt was measured using ζ potential test. Gelatin of different concentrations can increase the particle size of Mt in different degrees. The addition of 4% gelatin could improve the ζ potential of Mt from −30.65 to −15.55 mV. The wettability change of modified Mt induced by the adsorption of gelatin was followed by measurements of water contact angle and observations of the morphology of Mt/gelatin membrane through SEM images. 4% gelatin could improve the water contact angle of Mt to 81.3°. Finally, the rheological properties of Mt/gelatin dispersion including shear viscosity and shear stress were measured using a stress-controlled rheometer. All of the results were consistent by showing that the overall colloidal characteristics and behavior of the gelatin-treated Mt strongly varied depending on the gelatin concentration used in the modification process. These results can provide a deep and comprehensive understanding of the colloidal properties of clay/gelatin systems and give important guidance for the performance design and improvement of Mt/gelatin composite materials. Furthermore, this study can also be expanded the application of gelatin and its composites to other fields.

Determination of the wetting angle using gas bubble method

2021 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Yu. F. Patrakov ◽  
S. A. Semenova
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Wetting Angle ◽  
Powdered Sample ◽  
Pressing Pressure ◽  
Gas Bubble ◽  
Working Surface ◽  
Coal Particles ◽  
Contact Angle Of Wetting

Most of the technological processes of coal mining and primary processing (transportation, crushing, and enrichment) depend on the physical and chemical properties of the external surface of coal particles. When determining the wetting angle — the wettability characteristics of the coal surface — the method of preparing the working surface of the sample and the choice of the measurement procedure (a drop of liquid on a solid surface or fixing a gas bubble on the surface of coal placed in water) are of great importance. We present the results of determining the contact angle of wetting using an air bubble. The working surface was prepared by briquetting a powdered sample. Scanning electron microscopy and laser diffraction analysis of the particle size distribution were used for surface characterization and fractional analysis of carbon particles. It is shown that the contact angle of wetting depends on the particle size, mineral composition of coal, and pressing pressure. At the same time, when determining the wetting angle, the optimal particle size and pressing pressure of the briquette are <100 μm and ~500 MPa, respectively. The obtained results can be used to improve technologies for mining, conversion and dressing of coals.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of a Lignin-Styrene-Butyl Acrylate Based Composite

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1080
Author(s):  
Daniel López Serna ◽  
Perla Elizondo Martínez ◽  
Miguel Ángel Reyes González ◽  
Antonio Alberto Zaldívar Cadena ◽  
Erasto Armando Zaragoza Contreras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Polymer Chains ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
Oh Groups ◽  
Water Measurement

In recent years, the pursuit of new polymer materials based on renewable raw materials has been intensified with the aim of reusing waste materials in sustainable processes. The synthesis of a lignin, styrene, and butyl acrylate based composite was carried out by a mass polymerization process. A series of four composites were prepared by varying the amount of lignin in 5, 10, 15, and 20 wt.% keeping the content of butyl acrylate constant (14 wt.%). FTIR and SEM revealed that the –OH functional groups of lignin reacted with styrene, which was observed by the incorporation of lignin in the copolymer. Additionally, DSC analysis showed that the increment in lignin loading in the composite had a positive influence on thermal stability. Likewise, Shore D hardness assays exhibited an increase from 25 to 69 when 5 and 20 wt.% lignin was used respectively. In this same sense, the contact angle (water) measurement showed that the LEBA15 and LEBA20 composites presented hydrophobic properties (whit contact angle above 90°) despite having the highest amount of lignin, demonstrating that the interaction of the polymer chains with the –OH groups of lignin was the main mechanism in the composites interaction.

Micro-emulsion co-polymerisation of butyl acrylate with acrylic acid as binder for textile pigment printing

2014 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Abd El-Ghaffar ◽  
Fayza A. Kantouch ◽  
Zainn M. Mahmoud ◽  
Karima Haggag ◽  
Ahmed I. Hashem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Acrylic Acid ◽  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Curing Conditions ◽  
Micro Emulsion ◽  
Nano Size

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to prepare nano size micro-emulsion co-polymer particles based on butyl acrylate (BA)/acrylic acid (AAc) with high monomer/surfactant ratio. The study involved the application of the prepared micro-emulsions co-polymers as textile pigment printing binders. Design/methodology/approach – The micro-emulsion co-polymerisations processes were carried out with different mixtures of BA and AAc using modified process. Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and potassium peroxy disulphate/glucose were used as emulsifier and redox initiator, respectively. The prepared emulsion co-polymer was characterized via spectroscopic measurements, FT-IR, 1H-NMR and transmission electron microscope (TEM), in addition to thermal analysis. The prepared micro-emulsion co-polymers were applied as binders for pigment printing process onto cotton fabric, polyester and cotton/polyester blend by using flat screen technique. The optimum curing conditions were determined, colour strength and fastness properties of pigment printed areas to light, washing, perspiration and rubbing were evaluated. In addition, stiffness of the prints was studied. Findings – The achieved results indicated that particle size and homogeneity of the prepared micro-emulsions depend on monomers weight ratio, initiator and emulsifier concentrations. On the other hand, the prints obtained using the prepared binders with optimum conditions have satisfactory fastness, good handle and high colour yield. Research limitations/implications – Monomers were continuously and slowly added into the polymerising system with mild stirring to avoid disturbing the stability of the micro-emulsion. Also, emulsifier and initiator concentrations should be controlled to avoid coagulation. Practical implications – The research provides textile pigment printing binder with nano particle size within the range of 24-48 nm. Using the prepared nano binders in pigment printing enhances the stiffness, handle, and fastnesses properties of the prints. Originality/value – The prepared co-polymer binders showed high-performance physico-mechanical properties; in addition, the ultimate goal of this study is to prepare a nano size binder with high monomer/surfactant ratio using a modified micro-emulsion process.

Syntheses of Ethyl Cellulose Acrylate Hybrid Latex via Mini-Polymerization

2011 ◽  
Vol 250-253 ◽  
pp. 804-808
Author(s):  
Ri Qing Chen ◽  
Fu Xiang Chu ◽  
Chun Peng Wang ◽  
Elodie Bourgeat-Lami ◽  
Muriel Lansalot
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
Ethyl Cellulose ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Monomer Conversion ◽  
Polymerization Process ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Hybrid Latex ◽  
Monomer Droplet

Ethyl cellulose was hybridized with methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate via mini-polymerization. The polymerization process was traced to obtain a stable reaction system. The effects of the EC content and viscosity on the monomer droplet size, the particle size and the monomer conversion were investigated. It was showed that the stability of the latex dispersion was strongly dependent of the EC content and viscosity. With investigation on ethyl cellulose series, initiator and crosslinker, the stable mini-emulsion with 10% ethyl cellulose was obtained under conditions of crosslinker and LPO as initiator.

Evolution of multimodal particle size distribution in vinyl acetate/butyl acrylate emulsion copolymerizations

2003 ◽  
Vol 41 (14) ◽  
pp. 2232-2249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles D. Immanuel ◽  
Timothy J. Crowley ◽  
Edward S. Meadows ◽  
Cajetan F. Cordeiro ◽  
Francis J. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Butyl Acrylate ◽  
Acrylate Emulsion

Universal Validity of Einstein Relation and Size-Dependent Viscosity and Surface-Active Characteristics of Nanofluids

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (06) ◽  
pp. 1850006
Author(s):  
Arya Sukumaran ◽  
Kishan Das ◽  
Kamla Rawat ◽  
H. B. Bohidar
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Empirical Relation ◽  
Relative Viscosity ◽  
Polystyrene Latex ◽  
Einstein Relation ◽  
Universal Relation ◽  
General Validity

In this report, the general validity of the Einstein viscosity relation, [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], ratio of solution to solvent viscosity), is examined in nanofluids where monodisperse spherical nanoparticles (polystyrene latex spheres) of size 50–400[Formula: see text]nm were dispersed in water at room temperature, 25[Formula: see text]C. In addition to viscosity, we also measured contact angle, [Formula: see text], and surface free-energy, [Formula: see text], as function of particle concentration and observed that the universal relation [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], remained valid, where [Formula: see text] may be relative viscosity, contact angle or surface free-energy and [Formula: see text] is a shape-dependent constant and is 2.5 in the Einstein limit. Thus, the Einstein relation has a wider validity than is generally thought encompassing both bulk and surface properties of nanofluids. Furthermore, we extend the study to establish an empirical relation between intrinsic viscosity [[Formula: see text]] and Huggins interaction parameter [Formula: see text], with particle size [Formula: see text], which obeyed: [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] is in nm, [[Formula: see text]] is in cc/g, [Formula: see text] is in (g/cc)2 and [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are constants of particle size. Identical expressions could be established for contact angle and surface free energy. These remarkable observations have not been reported hitherto.

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