The planktonic diatom genus Chaetoceros Ehrenberg (Bacillariophyta) from the Adriatic Sea

The morphology of the genus Chaetoceros, one of the most abundant and diverse planktonic diatom groups, was investigated using material collected in the eastern Adriatic Sea from 2006 to 2012. Twenty-seven morphologically distinct species have been identified from both field samples and cultivated strains. Two species, C. bacteriastroides and C. pseudodichaeta, are reported for the first time for the area. Morphometric data, general morphology and ultrastructural characters are presented for each species, based on light and electron microscopy observations, with a special emphasis on species-specific distinctive features. Valve ultrastructure appeared to be characteristic for single species or group of closely related species, especially inside the subgenus Hyalochaete. A collection of appropriate micrographs will facilitate future identification of Chaetoceros species and morphological comparison with material from other geographic areas.

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Comparative transcriptomics of seven Impatiens species

10.1101/2021.09.16.460688 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Mária Šurinová ◽

Štepán Stočes ◽

Tomáš Dostálek ◽

Andrea Jarošová ◽

Zuzana Münzbergová

Keyword(s):

De Novo ◽

Protein Structures ◽

Natural Populations ◽

Gene Families ◽

Single Species ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Species Group ◽

Specific Gene ◽

Flowering Regulation ◽

Species Specific

AbstractImpatiens is a genus containing more than 1000 species. Thanks to its size, it is a unique system for studying species diversification in natural populations. This study focused on the characterization of novel transcriptomes from seven Impatiens species originating from Nepal. Leave transcriptome of Impatines balsamina L., I. racemosa DC., I. bicornuta Wall, I. falcifer Hook, I. devendrae Pusalkar, I. scullyi Hook and I. scabrida DC were sequenced and compared. Reads were de novo assembled and aligned to 92 035-226 081 contigs. We identified 14 728 orthology groups shared among all the species and 3 020 which were unique to a single species. In single species, 2536-3009 orthology groups were under selection from which 767 were common for all species. Six of the seven investigated species shared 77% of gene families with I. bicornuta being the most distinct species. Specific gene families involved in response to different environmental stimuli were closely described. Impatiens bicornuta selection profile shared selection on zing finger protein structures and flowering regulation and stress response proteins with the other investigated species. Overall, the study showed substantial similarity in patterns of selections on transcribed genes across the species suggesting similar evolutionary pressures. This suggests that the species group may have evolved via adaptive radiation.

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A MORPHOLOGICAL COMPARISON OF ANTIPODEAN TELEOGRYLLUS SPECIES (ORTHOPTERA: GRYLLIDAE)

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z67-131 ◽

1967 ◽

Vol 45 (6) ◽

pp. 1215-1224 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

G.-T. Chen ◽

V. R. Vickery ◽

D. K. McE. Kevan

Keyword(s):

New Zealand ◽

Western Australia ◽

Single Species ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Morphological Comparison ◽

Field Crickets ◽

Southeastern Australia ◽

Black Field ◽

The Common

The common "black" field crickets of the germs Teleogryllus from different regions of Australia and New Zealand were studied morphometrically in order to elucidate their taxonomy.Results show that these crickets, formerly regarded as comprising a single species, T. commodus (Walker), are actually two distinct species: T. oceanicus (Le Guillou) from northern Queensland and T. commodus from Western Australia, with other very closely related populations from southeastern Australia and from North Island, New Zealand. A population from Kaikoura, South Island, New Zealand, although a member of the T. commodus group, may represent a different subspecies.

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Vachellia hydaspica and V. pseudoeburnea (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) synonymized under V. eburnea

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.257.3.9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 257 (3) ◽

pp. 297 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Tapas Chakrabarty ◽

Vinod Maina

Keyword(s):

Single Species ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Distinctive Features ◽

Clear Cut ◽

Flora Of India

Acacia hydaspica J.R.Drumm. ex R.Parker (1921: 309) and A. pseudoeburnea J.R.Drumm. ex Dunn (1922: 185) were treated as conspecific with A. eburnea (L. f.) Willd. (1806: 1081) by Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996: 609). However, when these taxa were recently transferred to Vachellia they were treated as distinct species, namely, V. hydaspica (J.R.Drumm ex R.Parker) Ali (Jan. 2014: 3; this same combination was also made by Ragupathy et. al. in March 2014: 176), V. pseudoeburnea (J.R.Drumm. ex Dunn) Ragupathy et al. (2014: 177) and V. eburnea (L.f.) Hurter & Mabberley in Mabberley (2008: 1021), respectively. Neither Ali (l.c.) nor Ragupathy et al. (l.c.) provided distinctive features of the taxa to justify their adoption of species rank, although Ragupathy et al. (l.c.) did say that they were following the classification of Kumar & Sane (2003) and Roskov et al. (2005) rather than that of Chakrabarty & Gangopadhyay (1996). The present studies for the ‘Flora of India Project’ currently in preparation revealed that the dividing lines between Vachellia eburnea, V. hydaspica and V. pseudoeburnea are not clear cut (Table 1) and therefore they are best treated as a single species, V. eburnea. The necessary synonymy (and typification) is therefore made here.

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Structural Organization and Distribution of Fiber Types in Extraocular Muscles of Cats

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100093420 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 34-35

Author(s):

Asish C. Nag ◽

Lee D. Peachey

Keyword(s):

Fiber Type ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Small Diameter ◽

Extraocular Muscles ◽

Fiber Types ◽

Distinctive Features ◽

Superior Rectus ◽

Adult Cats ◽

Different Diameters ◽

Orbital Region

Cat extraocular muscles consist of two regions: orbital, and global. The orbital region contains predominantly small diameter fibers, while the global region contains a variety of fibers of different diameters. The differences in ultrastructural features among these muscle fibers indicate that the extraocular muscles of cats contain at least five structurally distinguishable types of fibers.Superior rectus muscles were studied by light and electron microscopy, mapping the distribution of each fiber type with its distinctive features. A mixture of 4% paraformaldehyde and 4% glutaraldehyde was perfused through the carotid arteries of anesthetized adult cats and applied locally to exposed superior rectus muscles during the perfusion.

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Sequence Comparison of Vaginolysin from Different Gardnerella Species

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens10020086 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 86

Author(s):

Erin M. Garcia ◽

Myrna G. Serrano ◽

Laahirie Edupuganti ◽

David J. Edwards ◽

Gregory A. Buck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acid ◽

Human Microbiome ◽

Human Microbiome Project ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Vaginal Swab ◽

Metagenomic Data ◽

Gardnerella Vaginalis ◽

Vaginal Epithelial Cells ◽

Species Specific

Gardnerella vaginalis has recently been split into 13 distinct species. In this study, we tested the hypotheses that species-specific variations in the vaginolysin (VLY) amino acid sequence could influence the interaction between the toxin and vaginal epithelial cells and that VLY variation may be one factor that distinguishes less virulent or commensal strains from more virulent strains. This was assessed by bioinformatic analyses of publicly available Gardnerella spp. sequences and quantification of cytotoxicity and cytokine production from purified, recombinantly produced versions of VLY. After identifying conserved differences that could distinguish distinct VLY types, we analyzed metagenomic data from a cohort of female subjects from the Vaginal Human Microbiome Project to investigate whether these different VLY types exhibited any significant associations with symptoms or Gardnerella spp.-relative abundance in vaginal swab samples. While Type 1 VLY was most prevalent among the subjects and may be associated with increased reports of symptoms, subjects with Type 2 VLY dominant profiles exhibited increased relative Gardnerella spp. abundance. Our findings suggest that amino acid differences alter the interaction of VLY with vaginal keratinocytes, which may potentiate differences in bacterial vaginosis (BV) immunopathology in vivo.

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A New Multiplex Real-Time RT-PCR for Simultaneous Detection and Differentiation of Avian Bornaviruses

Viruses ◽

10.3390/v13071358 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. 1358

Author(s):

Brigitte Sigrist ◽

Jessica Geers ◽

Sarah Albini ◽

Dennis Rubbenstroth ◽

Nina Wolfrum

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Simultaneous Detection ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Virus Species ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

P Gene ◽

Field Samples ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Species Specific ◽

Proventricular Dilatation Disease

Avian bornaviruses were first described in 2008 as the causative agents of proventricular dilatation disease (PDD) in parrots and their relatives (Psittaciformes). To date, 15 genetically highly diverse avian bornaviruses covering at least five viral species have been discovered in different bird orders. Currently, the primary diagnostic tool is the detection of viral RNA by conventional or real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR). One of the drawbacks of this is the usage of either specific assays, allowing the detection of one particular virus, or of assays with a broad detection spectrum, which, however, do not allow for the simultaneous specification of the detected virus. To facilitate the simultaneous detection and specification of avian bornaviruses, a multiplex real-time RT-PCR assay was developed. Whole-genome sequences of various bornaviruses were aligned. Primers were designed to recognize conserved regions within the overlapping X/P gene and probes were selected to detect virus species-specific regions within the target region. The optimization of the assay resulted in the sensitive and specific detection of bornaviruses of Psittaciformes, Passeriformes, and aquatic birds. Finally, the new rRT-PCR was successfully employed to detect avian bornaviruses in field samples from various avian species. This assay will serve as powerful tool in epidemiological studies and will improve avian bornavirus detection.

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Cymatosirella Dąbek, Witkowski & Sabbe gen. nov., a new marine benthic diatom genus (Bacillariophyta) belonging to the family Cymatosiraceae

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.183.2.6 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 183 (2) ◽

pp. 120

Author(s):

PRZEMYSŁAW DĄBEK ◽

KOEN SABBE ◽

ANDRZEJ WITKOWSKI ◽

COLIN ARCHIBALD ◽

KRZYSZOF J. KURZYDŁOWSKI ◽

...

Keyword(s):

New Genus ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Benthic Diatom ◽

Western Cape ◽

Western Cape Province ◽

Line Drawings ◽

The Family ◽

Diatom Genus ◽

Electron Microscopical ◽

First Time

We present a new marine benthic diatom genus Cymatosirella gen. nov. The genus belongs to the family Cymatosiraceae and has been assigned to the subfamily Extubocelluloideae on the basis of ultrastructural cell wall features. It has isovalvate cells with undulate valves and is characterized by the absence of tubular processes and the occurrence of hollow spines which are observed for the first time in the Cymatosiraceae. The new genus contains four species, two of which are transferred from the genus Cymatosira, viz. Cymatosirella capensis comb. nov. and Cymatosirella minutissima comb. nov., and two which are new to science, viz. Cymatosirella benguelensis sp. nov. and Cymatosirella taylorii sp. nov. Cymatosirella capensis is chosen as the generitype. The new genus includes a group of very small taxa inhabiting the intertidal zone of the Atlantic Ocean with three species in South Africa and one in Europe. C. capensis was originally described by Giffen from Langebaan Lagoon (a shallow marine inlet in the southern part of Saldanha Bay, Western Cape Province), on the basis of light microscopy only, and has to date only been illustrated by line drawings. C. minutissima, so far only known from the Westerschelde estuary (The Netherlands), has previously been documented in more detail using both light and electron microscopy. Here, we present the results of detailed light and electron microscopical investigations of C. capensis, both from its original type material and from recently collected samples from the type locality and neighboring littoral areas in the Western Cape Province, and of the new species C. benguelensis and C. taylorii, also from Western Cape localities. All species are compared with similar small taxa belonging to the Cymatosiraceae, subfamily Extubocelluloideae.

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Cyclic hexadepsipeptides in wheat field samples and esyn1 gene divergence among enniatin producing Fusarium avenaceum strains

World Mycotoxin Journal ◽

10.3920/wmj2012.1464 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 399-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Ł. Stȩpień ◽

M. Jestoi ◽

J. Chełkowski

Keyword(s):

Elongation Factor ◽

Fusarium Avenaceum ◽

Translation Elongation ◽

Wheat Field ◽

Separate Branch ◽

Field Samples ◽

Species Specific ◽

Wheat Kernels ◽

Moderate Climate ◽

Translation Elongation Factor 1Α

Fusarium avenaceum is one of the most important pathogenic species in agricultural and forest environments of moderate climate, particularly in cereals and legume pulse crops. Numerous mycotoxins can be synthesized by the species, with moniliformin and enniatins (ENN) being the prevailing metabolites. The aims of this work were to examine the amounts of ENN and beauvericin present in naturally contaminated field samples of wheat kernels and chaffs collected in Poland in 2005 and 2009 from heads infected with F. avenaceum, and to reveal the divergence of the esyn1 gene among F. avenaceum strains of different origin. ENN-B and ENN-B1 were the major metabolites identified in wheat field samples. Chaff fractions contained significantly more mycotoxins than grain. Samples originating from 2005 were in general less contaminated with ENN than those from the 2009 season. The highest amount of ENN-B found in grain was 28,520 μg/kg. Beauvericin was only found in trace amounts in all the samples tested. F. avenaceum strains isolated from the analysed wheat samples were identified using species-specific DNA marker and translation elongation factor 1α (tef-1α) sequence analysis. A higher level of sequence polymorphism was revealed for the enniatin synthetase (esyn1) gene than ecorded by tef-1α analysis. Moreover, species known to be typical beauvericin producers, e.g. Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium proliferatum, were clustered into a separate branch on the dendrogram, apart from the strains of ENN-producing species, i.e. F. avenaceum and Fusarium scirpi.

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Quantitative Detection of Species-Specific DNA in Feedstuffs and Fish Meals

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-68.6.1217 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 68 (6) ◽

pp. 1217-1221 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

PAVEL KRCMAR ◽

EVA RENCOVA

Keyword(s):

Mitochondrial Dna ◽

Real Time ◽

Dna Sequences ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Single Species ◽

Absolute Quantification ◽

Quantitative Detection ◽

Vertebrate Species ◽

Target Species ◽

Species Specific

A sensitive and rapid method for the quantitative detection of bovine-, ovine-, swine-, and chicken-specific mitochondrial DNA sequences based on real-time PCR has been developed. The specificity of the primers and probes for real-time PCR has been tested using DNA samples of other vertebrate species that may also be present in rendered products. The quantitative detection was performed with dual-labeled probes (TaqMan) using absolute quantification with external standards of single species meat-and-bone meals. This method facilitates the detection of 0.01% of the target species–derived material in concentrate feed mixtures and fish meals.

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Development and Application of a New PCR Method for Detection of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici

Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology ◽

10.1159/000494432 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 28 (3) ◽

pp. 137-146 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Adam Kuzdraliński ◽

Hubert Szczerba ◽

Anna Kot ◽

Agnieszka Ostrowska ◽

Michał Nowak ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequences ◽

Puccinia Triticina ◽

Blumeria Graminis ◽

Pyrenophora Tritici Repentis ◽

Field Samples ◽

Expected Length ◽

Pcr Assays ◽

Primer Sets ◽

Wheat Leaves ◽

Species Specific

We developed new PCR assays that target beta-tubulin (TUB2) and 14 alpha-demethylase (CYP51) genes and used them for the species-specific detection of Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt). Based on fungi DNA sequences available in the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information) GenBank database we developed simplex and duplex PCR assays. The specificities of the primer sets were evaluated using environmental samples of wheat leaves collected during the 2015/2016 growing season across Poland. Primer sets LidBg17/18 and LidBg21/22 strongly amplified fragments of the expected length for all 67 tested samples. Primer specificity was confirmed using field samples of Zymoseptoria tritici, Puccinia triticina (syn. P. recondita f. sp. tritici), P. striiformis f. sp. tritici, and Pyrenophora tritici-repentis.

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