Morphological and molecular systematic investigation of Laurencia karachiana sp. nov. (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) from Karachi, Pakistan

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 404 (1) ◽  
pp. 23 ◽  
Author(s):  
RABIA BIBI ◽  
VALÉRIA CASSANO ◽  
ROSÂNGELA DA SILVA MEDEIROS ◽  
SHAHNAZ RASHID ◽  
MUNAWWER RASHEED
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Molecular Systematic ◽  
Interspecific Divergence ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Rbcl Phylogeny

Laurencia karachiana sp. nov. is described from the Karachi coast of Pakistan, based on rbcL and COI-5P genes sequences. The molecular analyses for both markers positioned L. karachiana within Laurencia sensu stricto and it possesses all vegetative and reproductive structures typical of the genus. Laurencia karachiana grouped with Laurencia sp. from Sri Lanka for both markers. The genetic divergence between these taxa for rbcL was only 0.27%, whereas for COI-5P was much higher, 2.7%. The latter is within ranges of interspecific divergence for Laurencia s.s. The discrepancy of divergence between these markers and the lack of description and illustrations of Laurencia sp. from Sri Lanka for comparison leave the identity of Laurencia sp. as an open question. The rbcL phylogeny resolved L. karachiana and Laurencia sp. as sister to a subclade formed by sequences of Laurencia pumila and L. pumila var. dehoopiensis from South Africa, diverging by 1.7–1.8%. This genetic divergence and also morphological differences observed support the recognition of L. karachiana as a novel species. Our finding shows that this complex from Pakistan requires major revision, because its diversity is likely underestimated.

scholarly journals Unusually low genetic divergence at COI barcode locus between two species of intertidalThalassaphorura(Collembola: Onychiuridae)

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Sun ◽  
Anne Bedos ◽  
Louis Deharveng
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Dna Barcode ◽  
Intertidal Habitat ◽  
Species Classification ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Fresh Material ◽  
Interspecific Divergence ◽  
Collembolan Species ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Intertidal Ecosystems

Species classification is challenging when taxa display limited morphological differences. In this paper, we combined morphology and DNA barcode data to investigate the complicated taxonomy of two Onychiurid Collembolan species.Thalassaphorura thalassophilaandThalassaphorura debilisare among the most common arthropod species in intertidal ecosystems and are often considered to be synonymous. Based on morphological and barcode analyses of fresh material collected in their type localities, we redescribed and compared the two species. However, their morphological distinctiveness was supported by a molecular divergence much smaller than previously reported at the interspecific level among Collembola. This divergence was even smaller than inter-population divergences recognized in the related edaphic speciesT. zschokkei, as well as those known between MOTUs within many Collembolan species. Our results may indicate a link between low genetic interspecific divergence and intertidal habitat, as the only biological peculiarity of the two species of interest compared to other Collembolan species analyzed to date is their strict intertidal life.

scholarly journals Integrative taxonomy reveals three new taxa within the Tylototriton asperrimus complex (Caudata, Salamandridae) from Vietnam

ZooKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 935 ◽  
pp. 121-164
Author(s):  
Marta Bernardes ◽  
Minh Duc Le ◽  
Truong Quang Nguyen ◽  
Cuong The Pham ◽  
Anh Van Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Integrative Taxonomy ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
The Body ◽  
Femur Length ◽  
Nadh Dehydrogenase Subunit 2 ◽  
Western Side ◽  
Morphological Differences

The Tylototriton asperrimus complex from northern Vietnam is reviewed based on morphological comparisons and analysis of the mitochondrial marker NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2). Based on molecular divergences, which were revealed to be higher than in other congeners, in concert with morphological differences, two new species and one subspecies are described herein: Tylototriton pasmansisp. nov. differs from T. asperrimussensu stricto by 3.2 to 3.6 % genetic divergence and a combination of distinct morphological characters, such as head slightly longer than wide, distinct mid-dorsal ridge, relatively wide distance between the eyes, tips of fingers reaching the eye when foreleg is laid forward, labial and gular folds present, central belly skin with tubercles shaped like transverse wrinkles and distinct, pointy to round rib nodules. The population of T. pasmansisp. nov. consists of two subclades, the nominotypic one occurring on the eastern side of the Da River (or Black River, including Hoa Binh and Phu Tho provinces), and another occurring on the western side (including Son La and Thanh Hoa provinces). These two subclades differ by 2.5 to 3.1 % genetic divergence and distinct morphological characters. The western subclade is herein described as Tylototriton pasmansi obstissp. nov., which differs from the nominotypic form by a wider head, longer and narrower snout, shorter femur length, and an overall less granulose skin, without an increased concentration of warts on the body sides. A second new species, Tylototriton sparreboomisp. nov. is described from Lai Chau Province. It differs from T. asperrimussensu stricto by 4.1 to 4.2 % and from Tylototriton pasmansisp. nov. by 3.6 to 4.5 % genetic divergences as well as by a combination of distinct morphological characters, such as head longer than wide, tips of fingers reaching nostril when foreleg adpressed along head, rib nodules distinct, round and relatively enlarged, and wide distance between the eyes.

scholarly journals Resurrection of the Butterfly-winged Comber, Serranus papilionaceus Valenciennes, 1832 (Teleostei, Serranidae) and its phylogenetic position within genus Serranus

ZooKeys ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1017 ◽  
pp. 111-126
Author(s):  
Adriana Vella ◽  
Noel Vella ◽  
Carolina Acosta-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Interspecific Divergence ◽  
Population Conservation ◽  
Status Assessment ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
High Level

The family Serranidae is represented by 92 genera and 579 valid species, with the genus Serranus Cuvier, 1816, containing 30 species. In this study, specimens of Butterfly-winged Comber, Serranus papilionaceus Valenciennes, 1832, were collected from the Canary Islands and compared morphologically and genetically to Painted Comber, Serranus scriba (Linnaeus, 1758), from the Mediterranean Sea. Morphological differences, especially in the colour banding pattern, were corroborated by genetic differences in mitochondrial (COI and ND2) and nuclear (Rhod and PTR) markers. The mitochondrial DNA markers revealed a high level of divergence and no shared haplotypes between the two species (interspecific divergence: COI 4.31%; ND2 8.68%), and a phylogenetic analysis showed that these two species are closely related sister species sharing common ancestry. This study is therefore offering to resurrect S. papilionaceus Valenciennes, 1832 as a valid species increasing the number of eastern Atlantic Serranus species to 11. This should direct new species-specific research, including its population conservation status assessment across its distribution.

scholarly journals Application of ribotyping and IS200 fingerprinting to distinguish the five Salmonella serotype O6,7[ratio ]c[ratio ]1,5 groups: Choleraesuis sensu stricto, Choleraesuis var. Kunzendorf, Choleraesuis var. Decatur, Paratyphi C, and Typhisuis

1999 ◽  
Vol 123 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. UZZAU ◽  
M. HOVI ◽  
B. A. D. STOCKER
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
The Other ◽  
Suitable Method ◽  
Phenotypic Characters ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Salmonella Serotype ◽  
Flagellar Antigen ◽  
High Degree

Sixty-seven strains of the five described Salmonella serotypes having antigens 6,7[ratio ]c[ratio ]1,5, that is S. enterica serotype Choleraesuis sensu stricto, Choleraesuis var. Kunzendorf, Choleraesuis var. Decatur, Paratyphi C, and Typhisuis, were examined for 16S rrn profile ribotype, presence of IS200 and phenotypic characters, including rate of change of flagellar-antigen phase and nutritional character. Choleraesuis sensu stricto and its Kunzendorf variant had related but distinct ribotypes. Therefore, ribotyping appears to be a suitable method for differentiating Choleraesuis non-Kunzendorf from Choleraesuis var. Kunzendorf. Some strains of Paratyphi C had 16S profiles that resembled that of Choleraesuis non-Kunzendorf, while others resembled that of Choleraesuis var. Kunzendorf. The Typhisuis profiles were like those of Choleraesuis non-Kunzendorf, while the Choleraesuis var. Decatur profiles were unlike those of any of the other four groups. Furthermore, IS200 fingerprinting discriminated between Choleraesuis var. Decatur and the other strains with antigenic formula O6,7[ratio ]c[ratio ]1,5, and comparison of IS200 patterns showed a high degree of genetic divergence within Choleraesuis var. Decatur. Our findings show that ribotyping and IS200 fingerprinting, combined with classical microbiological methods, distinguish the groups Choleraesuis non-Kunzendorf, Choleraesuis var. Kunzendorf, Choleraesuis var. Decatur, Paratyphi C and Typhisuis.

The Olduvai buffaloPelorovisand the origin ofBos

2007 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 220-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bienvenido Martínez-Navarro ◽  
Juan Antonio Pérez-Claros ◽  
Maria Rita Palombo ◽  
Lorenzo Rook ◽  
Paul Palmqvist
Keyword(s):  
Western Europe ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Early Pleistocene ◽  
Middle Pleistocene ◽  
Morphometric Study ◽  
Large Size ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Mammal Assemblages ◽  
Tool Technology ◽  
Different Origin

AbstractThe origin of the genusBosis a debated issue. From ∼ 0.5 Ma until historic times, the genus is well known in the Eurasian large mammal assemblages, where it is represented byBos primigenius. This species has a highly derived cranial anatomy that shows important morphological differences from other Plio-Pleistocene Eurasian genera of the tribe Bovini such asLeptobos,Bison,Proamphibos-Hemibos, andBubalus. The oldest clear evidence ofBosis the skull fragment ASB-198-1 from the middle Pleistocene (∼ 0.6–0.8 Ma) site of Asbole (Lower Awash Valley, Ethiopia). The first appearance ofBosin Europe is at the site of Venosa-Notarchirico, Italy (∼ 0.5–0.6 Ma). Although the origin ofBoshas traditionally been connected withLeptobosandBison, after a detailed anatomical and morphometric study we propose here a different origin, connecting the middle Pleistocene Eurasian forms ofB. primigeniuswith the African Late Pliocene and early Pleistocene large size member of the tribe BoviniPelorovis sensu stricto. The dispersal of theBoslineage in Western Europe during middle Pleistocene times seems to coincide with the arrival of the Acheulean tool technology in this continent.

Descriptions of two new endemic and cryptic species of Sitana Cuvier, 1829 from peninsular India

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4434 (2) ◽  
pp. 327
Author(s):  
V. DEEPAK ◽  
AKSHAY KHANDEKAR ◽  
R. CHAITANYA ◽  
PRAVEEN KARANTH
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Genetic Difference ◽  
Large Sample Size ◽  
Peninsular India ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Species Descriptions

Two new cryptic species of the agamid genus Sitana Cuvier, 1829 from Peninsular India are described herein. Sitana gokakensis sp. nov. from Gokak, Karnataka closely resembles Sitana thondalu sp. nov. from Nagarjuna Sagar, Andhra Pradesh. The two species can be distinguished based on their subtle morphological differences, genetic difference and geographic distribution. Sitana gokakensis sp. nov. have a relatively depressed head compared to Sitana thondalu sp. nov. Additionally, the vertebral scale counts differ in females of the two new species (Sitana gokakensis sp. nov. 45–47 vs Sitana thondalu sp. nov. 49–53). Genetic divergence between them is comparable to those between previously described Sitana species. Furthermore, the two new species are distributed ca. 500 km apart and are endemic to their respective landscapes that lie in similar latitudes of peninsular India. We urge the use of large sample size in new species descriptions especially those dealing with cryptic species like Sitana. The discovery of the two new cryptic species from these rocky terrains in peninsular India highlights need for more herpetological exploration in this region. 

Ptyctimous mites (Acari, Oribatida) of the Azores

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (12) ◽  
pp. 2172-2189
Author(s):  
Wojciech Niedbała ◽  
Katarzyna Buczkowska
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
First Time ◽  
One New Species ◽  
Species Variability

Seven soil samples have been collected on four islands of the Azores, in which 14 species of ptyctimous mites (Acari, Oribatida) were found. One new species Phthiracarus andreasi Niedbała sp. nov. from Faial Island is described. Four species have been recorded for the first time from the Azores. Molecular analysis showed that the differences in the sculpture patterns in Euphthiracarus excultus Pérez-Iñigo, 1987 represent within-species variability. However, the length of body setae can separate two different species: Phthiracarus atlanticus Pérez-Iñigo, 1987 sensu stricto and Phthiracarus falciformis Morell & Subías, 1991, despite the absence of any other morphological differences. On the basis of our morphological and molecular data, a key to species from the Azores is provided. 

scholarly journals Description of two novel species, Sphingomonas abaci sp. nov. and Sphingomonas panni sp. nov.

2005 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 2565-2569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Jürgen Busse ◽  
Elke Hauser ◽  
Peter Kämpfer
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Type Strain ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Genomic Fingerprinting ◽  
Protein Patterns ◽  
The University

Two Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterial strains designated C42T and C52T were isolated in the Medical Clinic for Small Animals and Ungulates at the University for Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Austria. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, both strains were shown to belong to the genus Sphingomonas. Strain C42T showed the greatest levels of sequence similarity with Sphingomonas melonis DSM 14444T and Sphingomonas aquatilis KCTC 2881T (both 97·7 %). Strain C52T showed the greatest levels of sequence similarity with Sphingomonas koreensis KCTC 2882T (97·2 %), Sphingomonas aquatilis KCTC 2881T (97·1 %) and S. melonis DSM 14444T (97·0 %). The presence of Q-10 as the main ubiquinone, the predominance of the compound sym-homospermidine in the polyamine patterns, the presence of a Sphingomonadaceae-specific sphingoglycolipid in the polar lipid patterns, the presence of the fatty acid 2-OH C14 : 0 and the lack of 3-hydroxy fatty acids supported the identification of the two novel strains as members of the genus Sphingomonas sensu stricto. Unique physiological characteristics, protein patterns, quantitative differences in their fatty acid profiles and the results of genomic fingerprinting and DNA–DNA hybridizations differentiated strains C42T and C52T from closely related Sphingomonas species. Hence, the two strains are described as novel species of the genus Sphingomonas sensu stricto. The names Sphingomonas abaci sp. nov. (type strain C42T=LMG 21978T=DSM 15867T) and Sphingomonas panni sp. nov. (type strain C52T=LMG 21979T=DSM 15761T) are proposed.

scholarly journals Lineage diversity, morphological and genetic divergence in Daphnia magna (Crustacea) among Chinese lakes at different altitudes

2020 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 450-470
Author(s):  
Xiaolin Ma ◽  
Yijun Ni ◽  
Xiaoyu Wang ◽  
Wei Hu ◽  
Mingbo Yin
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Body Width ◽  
Genetic Diversity And Structure ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Lineage Diversity

The biogeography and genetic structure of aquatic zooplankton populations remains understudied in the Eastern Palearctic, especially the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Here, we explored the population-genetic diversity and structure of the cladoceran waterflea Daphnia magna found in eight (out of 303 investigated) waterbodies across China. The three Tibetan D. magna populations were detected within a small geographical area, suggesting these populations have expanded from refugia. We detected two divergent mitochondrial lineages of D. magna in China: one was restricted to the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and the other was present in lowland China. Several different haplotypes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau were most similar to those from various parts of Siberia, suggesting that as a source region. We also found substantial genetic differentiation between D. magna populations from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and those from lowland China. Moreover, significant morphological differences were identified: D. magna from the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau had a larger head length, body length and body width than did those from lowland China. Geographical and environmental factors were correlated with the observed morphological variation and genetic divergence of D. magna in China. Our data offer an insight into the divergence of freshwater zooplankton due to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau.

scholarly journals Scolopsis igcarensis Mishra, Biswas, Russell, Satpathy & Selvanayagam, 2013, a junior synonym of S. vosmeri (Bloch, 1792) (Perciformes: Nemipteridae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4629 (4) ◽  
pp. 589-599
Author(s):  
BARRY C. RUSSELL ◽  
MOHAMMAD EUSUF HASAN ◽  
JEAN-DOMINIQUE DURAND
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Southern India ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
Morphological Differences

Scolopsis igcarensis Mishra, Biswas, Russell, Satpathy & Selvanayagam, 2013 was described from specimens collected from coastal waters of southern India and Sri Lanka. A comparison of recently collected specimens from Bangladesh, initially identified as S. igcarensis, with Scolopsis vosmeri (Bloch, 1792) showed morphological differences between the two species are minor, and that specimens of S. igcarensis in fact represent juvenile and subadult colour forms of S. vosmeri. Underwater and aquarium observations, as well as molecular data based on the COI barcode region, support this conclusion. Accordingly, S. igcarensis is regarded as a junior synonym of S. vosmeri, which is redescribed herein. Phylogenetic analysis of COI barcodes of Scolopsis specimens produced in this study, together with those available from GenBank, indicate S. vosmeri is part of a species complex which includes two additional cryptic sister species that require further taxonomic investigation. 

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