The type status of collections made by Adolfo Moller and Francisco Quintas in the floras of São Tomé and Príncipe

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 425 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-95
Author(s):  
ESTRELA FIGUEIREDO ◽  
GIDEON F. SMITH
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Numbering System ◽  
Label Data ◽  
Sao Tome And Principe ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Considerable Confusion ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Work Done

The numbering systems used by Júlio Henriques when specimens were prepared for distribution as donations or for determination from the Herbarium COI (Coimbra, Portugal) are addressed, with particular emphasis on the collections made by Adolfo Moller and Francisco Quintas on São Tomé and Príncipe in the 19th century. The conflicting numbers and label data that are found on these collections have been the source of considerable confusion in determining what constitute duplicates, and in many cases the type status of such collections. An understanding of the administrative methodology and numbering system used by Henriques is critical in taxonomic studies on the flora of São Tomé and Príncipe and adjacent areas, as the early collections inevitably included large numbers of type specimens. Previous work done by Arthur Exell to address the issue is analysed and explained, and examples are presented.

Slavery and the Slave Trade in the Sokoto Caliphate

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Murray Last
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
North Africa ◽  
Islamic Law ◽  
Slave Trade ◽  
Local Markets ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Women And Children ◽  
Sokoto Caliphate ◽  
Muslim Communities ◽  
The 19Th Century

Established using a conventional Islamic model of government, the new Muslim state in Sokoto, known as the Sokoto Caliphate (1804–1903), possessed eventually very large numbers of men, women, and children, taken captive (usually when children) in jihad from mainly non-Muslim communities, to serve as slaves. These slaves worked on farms or within households, they might be concubines and bear children for their owners; or they might be sold as children for export to North Africa in payment for the luxury imports the new elite wanted. Slaves were, under Islamic law, deemed “minors” or “half-persons,” and so had rights that differed from those of the free Muslim. By the end of the 19th century there were more slaves on the local markets than could be sold; exports of captives to North Africa had already dropped. For some captives enslaved as children, however, the career as a slave led eventually to high political positions, even to owning many slaves of their own. But slaves’ property, even their children, ultimately belonged to the slave’s owner. Revolts by male slaves were very rare, but escape was commonplace. Concubines, if they ever became pregnant by their owner, could not be sold again. The abolition of slavery c.1903 was slow to become a reality for many individual slaves, whether men or women.

The Drawings and the Modine of Francesco Pieroni for the Ministero delle Finanze in Rome

2019 ◽  
pp. 242-272
Author(s):  
Liliana Ninarello
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
16Th Century ◽  
Archival Research ◽  
Construction Companies ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Work Done ◽  
Real Scale

The main focus of this chapter is the highly valued work done by the architect Francesco Pieroni at the Ministero delle Finanze in Rome. This contribution can to attribute to Pieroni various drawings and numerous modine, i.e. real scale cardboard templates of various shapes used in the realization phases of the mouldings. Pieroni's activity represents, in the Roman context, one of the first applications of typical 16th century mouldings, to modern and prefabricated metal bar structures, spreading in the 70's of the 19th century. The construction companies were resilient to agree for changes in building techniques due to a lack of expertise. The realization of the Ministero is a case study of this phenomenon. The archival research developed casts new light on the numerous modifications carried out by Peroni during construction phases, which demonstrate the accuracy employed by the architect in designing the stuccos. The chapter analyses two different types of archive documents: the report Spoglio modificazioni lavori di stucco, and the examples of modine authored by Pieroni.

Validation of Calciphilopteris wallichii and lectotype designation for closely related C. ludens (Cheilanthoideae, Pteridaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 303 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
ALEXEY P. SEREGIN
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Plant Nomenclature

The Moscow University Herbarium holds a nearly complete set of Hugh Cuming’s specimens collected in 1836–1840 in the Philippines (Seregin 2011). Due to a large number of duplicates, Cuming’s specimens played a vital role in the stability of the Malesian plant nomenclature in the 19th century. Bobrov & Gubanov (1979) carefully separated all of the pteridophytes from the Cuming collections at MW and LE and revealed many fern types. Later, Seregin (2011) studied vast collections of flowering plants and cited 420 type specimens of 395 taxa.

Foreign Travelers’ Accounts and Fanny Calderón de la Barca’s Life in Mexico

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lourdes Parra Lazcano
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
War Of Independence ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Mexican Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Arbitrary Section ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Calderón De La Barca

Foreign travelers arrived in large numbers in Mexico, especially after Mexican War of Independence, to see the country and access its commercial potential. Each of them talked about the Valley of Mexico, its richness and human diversity. The way these travelers wrote about their “gazes” over this valley—in particular Fanny Calderón de la Barca—is key to understanding the politics of their trips. After their initial viewing, foreign travelers described the Mexican social and political situation as ripe for exploitation and improvement. Despite the fact that these travel accounts consider only an arbitrary section of the Mexican reality, affected by the bias and life history of each writer, they offer valuable material in their portrayal of Mexican society at that time. Hernán Cortés and Alexander von Humboldt’s views of the Mexican Valley were highly influential for the subsequent foreign travelers who went to Mexico during the 19th century, mainly from the United Kingdom, central Europe, and the United States. The work of Fanny Calderón de la Barca, and her gaze as it falls upon the Valley of Mexico, reflect the politics of mid-19th-century Mexico.

scholarly journals Evolution of endovascular therapy for aneurysm treatment

2005 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yassine Kanaan ◽  
David Kaneshiro ◽  
Kenneth Fraser ◽  
David Wang ◽  
Giuseppe Lanzino
Keyword(s):  
Endovascular Treatment ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Endovascular Therapy ◽  
Intracranial Aneurysms ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Historical Overview ◽  
Stepping Stones ◽  
Technological Advances ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Work Done

The endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms has recently become an established therapeutic option. The foundation of this treatment modality was laid by the work done in ground-breaking cases, combined with technological advances since the first half of the 19th century. In this historical overview the authors describe the steps taken by the early pioneers and the results of their work, which was often done under challenging circumstances. The work of these predecessors established the stepping-stones for constant development and refinement for those who have come after them, eventually evolving into the procedures used today. Endovascular treatment of intracranial aneurysms is only possible because of the work of these innovators.

Conservation and the Holy Grail: The Story of the Night Parrot

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham H Pyke ◽  
Paul R Ehrlich
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Fire Regimes ◽  
Landscape Changes ◽  
Holy Grail ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Australian Birds ◽  
The World ◽  
The 19Th Century

The Night Parrot Pezoporus occidentalis, known from just two specimens and with no confirmed sightings for just over 100 years, and having declined from being one of the most widespread of Australian birds, has surely been amongst the most enigmatic birds of the world and deservedly the ʻholy grailʼ for many birders. Amazingly, a population of this species has recently been re-discovered by John Young and the ʻquestʼ is over, but swift action is now required lest the ʻgrailʼ slip from our grasp. Steps must be taken to protect and manage the newly-located population, and to better understand the biology of the species and the reasons for its widespread decline. Much of this decline occurred before the end of the 19th century and must therefore have resulted from broad factors associated with earlier landscape changes, such as cat predation and altered fire regimes. Searches for additional Night Parrot populations also seem warranted. Progress toward these goals would benefit from acceptance of the reasonable accumulation of ʻunconfirmedʼ observations of the species and further utilizing the large numbers of ʻamateurʼ birders who would doubtless be keen to be involved. We suggest that the Night Parrot should now be viewed as an ʻiconʼ for conservation, possibly even an ʻindicatorʼ for how successful we are in terms of conservation in general. With his discovery of the Night Parrot, John Young has thus made a significant contribution to conservation, opening a new realm of necessities and possibilities.

Neues „Jugendrecht“ und Fabrikschutzgesetzgebung im Vormärz. Zur Bedeutung von Normativität für die Entstehung der Lebensphase Jugend

2008 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Ruppert
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Legal Capacity ◽  
Gainful Employment ◽  
Life Period ◽  
Military Law ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Work Done

AbstractIn this paper the author looks at the significance of laws and decrees for the emergence of youth as a proper period of life in the 19th century. On the basis of selected examples from the fields of legal capacity, school legislation and military law, the 19th century legislation for the protection of minors working in factories is placed in a larger context of a new “Youth Legislation”. Thus, the normative definition of youth as a life period has become the precondition for the shift of work done by minors to be placed in the period of gainful employment.

Mysticism in Sufi Islam

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cook
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Educational System ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Muslim World ◽  
Classical World ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Conversion To Islam ◽  
The 19Th Century

Sufism is the major expression of mysticism in Islam. While Sufism developed out of the fusion of Qur’anic ascetic tendencies and the vast fund of Christian (and other) mystical sayings present throughout the classical world, by approximately the 10th century it had become a uniquely Islamic feature. Major writers such as al-Ghazali and Ibn al-ʿArabi took this heritage and molded it both into a normative tradition for Islam as a whole (by wedding it to the Prophet Muhammad’s life experience) and, in the case of Ibn al-ʿArabi, into completely new spiritual paths. These interpretations of mysticism were critical in the vast conversion to Islam that happened during the period 1000–1800. Although other factors were involved as well, including trading by Muslims and the Islamic educational system, this conversion happened largely at the hands of the Sufis, especially holy men and healers, and thus the Muslim world is still largely Sufi or Sufi-influenced. Starting in the 19th century, however, and culminating in the mid-20th century, large numbers of Muslims abandoned Sufism, accusing it of being fundamentally anti-Islamic and even polytheistic. Today although Sufis still constitute the bulk of world Muslims, and they are visible throughout the non-Muslim world as well, their belief system is under attack as never before.

Iranian Constitutional Exiles and British Foreign-Policy Dissenters, 1908–9

1995 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Bonakdarian
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Middle East ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Middle Eastern ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Late 19Th Century ◽  
British Foreign Policy ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Political Exile ◽  
The 19Th Century

In recent Middle Eastern history, the experience of political exile has become a prevalent theme, as large numbers of Palestinians, Kurds, Iranians, and Afghans, among others, have sought refuge in various countries. Although the earlier numbers would pale in comparison with the present size of the Middle Eastern diaspora scattered around the globe, it was in the 19th century that the first noticeable groups of exiles from the Middle East began taking sanctuary in European countries, among other locations. Perhaps the best known of these exile communities were the Young Ottomans in France in the late 19th century.

A revision of the genus Radicipes Stearns, 1883 (Anthozoa: Octocorallia: Chrysogorgiidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4319 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
RALF T. S. CORDEIRO ◽  
STEPHEN D. CAIRNS ◽  
CARLOS D. PEREZ
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Continental Margins ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Almost All ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
One New Species

Radicipes is an octocoral genus composed of whip-like chrysogorgiids. Representatives of this group, also called ‘pigtails’, occur in almost all continental margins around the globe. Since its description in the 19th century, no comprehensive revision of this genus has been made. Thus, we present herein a revision of Radicipes, with descriptions of previously known species and one new species, Radicipes stonei. Type specimens from several museums were examined and seven species are considered valid. A distribution map of the genus and illustrations for all species are provided and a brief discussion is given on the possibility of additional undescribed species. 

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