Taxonomic assessment of Australian Eocyzicus species (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4410 (3) ◽  
pp. 401 ◽  
Author(s):  
LISA TIPPELT ◽  
MARTIN SCHWENTNER
Keyword(s):  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological Species ◽  
Species Descriptions

Herein we describe nine species of Eocyzicus from Australia and re-describe the morphological variability of Eocyzicus parooensis Richter & Timms, 2005 and Eocyzicus argillaquus Timms & Richter, 2009. All species were previously delimited by molecular phylogenetic analyses and the species descriptions are based on the same individuals. Characters were scored with the aid of the taxonomic software DELTA. The morphological analyses largely corroborated the previously delimited species despite high levels of intraspecific variability that overlapped with interspecific variation in many instances. Morphological species delimitation was generally supported by principal component and canonical variate analyses. Characters best suited for morphological species identification were the numbers of growth lines on the carapace, the number of telsonic spines and the number of setae on the furca. 

Lifeforms as criterion for species delimitation: Are Aristida adscensionis and A. coerulescens (Aristidoideae, Poaceae) two species?

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 393 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
MIKE THIV ◽  
J. ALFREDO REYES-BETANCORT ◽  
ORI FRAGMAN-SAPIR
Keyword(s):  
Morphometric Analysis ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Clear Separation ◽  
Taxonomic Treatment ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
The Mediterranean

The distinction of the perennial Aristida coerulescens from the annual A. adscensionis and its taxonomic treatment has been subject of long discussions. We here include accessions from the Mediterranean and Macaronesia for molecular phylogenetic analyses and conducted a morphometric analysis. A lineage of A. adscensionis, A. coerulescens and A. effusa is well supported in phylogenetic trees. Moreover, a group of Mediterranean, Macaronesia and Arabian A. coerulescens and A. adscensionis is revealed where both taxa are intermingled. A morphological analysis of traditionally used spikelet characters did not indicate a clear separation of both taxa. We therefore conclude that A. coerulescens should best be treated as synonym of A. adscensionis. The differential character of annual and perennial life forms seems to be plastic in this taxon indicating rapid shifts between these two strategies. 

Morphological variability and molecular characterization of Mawsonascaris australis (Johnston & Mawson, 1943) (Nematoda: Ascaridoidea: Acanthocheilidae) from the brown guitarfish Rhinobatos schlegelii Müller & Henle (Rhinopristiformes: Rhinobatidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 760-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
W.-T. Zhao ◽  
Z. Xu ◽  
L. Li
Keyword(s):  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
The Taiwan Strait ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time

AbstractA rare ascaridoid species, Mawsonascaris australis (Johnston & Mawson, 1943), is reported from the Taiwan Strait for the first time, and the brown guitarfish Rhinobatos schlegelii Müller & Henle (Rhinopristiformes: Rhinobatidae) represents a new fish host. The detailed morphology of M. australis was studied using light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) based on the newly collected specimens. The results revealed some important, but previously unreported or erroneous, morphological features, including the lateral alae starting well posterior to the base of the ventrolateral lips, the presence of one pair of double paracloacal papillae and a single, small precloacal median papilla on the anterior margin of the cloaca. In addition, in order to determine whether the morphometric difference in the relative lengths of the right and left spicules represents intraspecific or interspecific variation, specimens of M. australis were characterized using molecular approaches by sequencing and analysing the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and mitochondrial cox1 genes. The results indicate that this morphometric difference represents intraspecific variability.

The Mediterranean species of genus Loxosceles Heineken & Lowe, 1832 (Araneae: Sicariidae): Loxosceles imazighen sp. n. from Morocco and first description of the female of L. mrazig Ribera & Planas, 2009 from Tunisia

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5071 (3) ◽  
pp. 326-348
Author(s):  
MARC MASSA ◽  
CARLES RIBERA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Canary Islands ◽  
Endemic Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Mediterranean Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

The aim of this paper is to describe a new species of the genus Loxosceles Heineken & Lowe, 1832 from Morocco, Loxosceles imazighen sp. n., and to describe for the first time a female of Loxoxceles mrazig Ribera & Planas, 2009 from Tunisia. Both species live in xeric and desert environments and are located in southern Atlas Range. Molecular phylogenetic analyses, using mitochondrial (cox1, 16S) and nuclear (H3, 28S) markers, revel that these species are closely related and that they constitute a separate evolutionary lineage of L. rufescens (Dufour, 1820) and of the set of endemic species of the Canary Islands. L. imazighen sp. n. differs from L. mrazig, the closest species morphologically and geographically, in the shapes and proportions of the male palpal tibia and the shapes and dispositions of the female seminal receptacles. In addition, L. mrazig females show morphological variability in their genitalia, mainly in the inner and outer lobes. Although that variability cannot be associated with different populations, since it also appears within individual populations, and is not related to genetic or geographic distances.  

Diversity of Xanthoparmelia (Parmeliaceae) species in Mexican xerophytic scrub vegetation, evidenced by molecular, morphological and chemistry data

2021 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. e107
Author(s):  
Alejandrina Barcenas-Peña ◽  
Steven D. Leavitt ◽  
Felix Grewe ◽  
H. Thorsten Lumbsch
Keyword(s):  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Central Mexico ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstructions ◽  
The World ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Chemical Characters

The genus Xanthoparmelia is the largest genus of lichen- forming fungi with about 800 species worldwide. Xanthoparmelia is also common in the deserts of central Mexico, but only a few molecular studies exist on its species’ diversity in this region. In this study, we sampled 38 Xanthoparmelia species from around the world including species from the xerophytic scrubs of central Mexico to assess the diversity using an integrative approach. Molecular phylogenetic analyses were performed using a combination of the ITS, mtSSU and nuLSU genetic markers. We evaluated our phylogenetic results in a context of traditional morphological and chemical characters. The combined evidence of molecular, morphological, and chemical data identified a total of 18 Xanthoparmelia species-level lineages occurring in central Mexico. However, numerous traditionally circumscribed species did not form monophyletic groups in the molecular phylogenetic reconstructions. This conflict indicates that taxonomy and species delimitation in the genus Xanthoparmelia requires revision and emphasizes the importance of molecular evidence for more robust species delimitations in this genus.

scholarly journals Pattern of Morphological Variability in Unrepaired Unilateral Clefts With and Without Cleft Palate May Suggest Intrinsic Growth Deficiency

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benny S. Latief ◽  
Mette A. R. Kuijpers ◽  
Adam Stebel ◽  
Anne Marie Kuijpers-Jagtman ◽  
Piotr S. Fudalej
Keyword(s):  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Growth Deficiency ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Incisor Inclination

In individuals with cleft lip and palate (CLP) an iatrogenic effect of operations on subsequent maxillary growth is well-known. Much less is known about the association between occurrence of CLP and intrinsic growth deficiency of the maxillofacial complex. The aim of this study was to compare morphological variability in subjects with unilateral cleft lip and alveolus/palate and unaffected controls using geometric morphometric methods. The research hypothesis was that if subjects with unrepaired unilateral CLP have intrinsic growth deficiency, the pattern of their craniofacial growth variation may differ from that in unaffected individuals. Lateral cephalograms were available of three groups of the same ethnic background (Proto-Malayid): (a) non-syndromic unrepaired unilateral complete cleft lip, alveolus, and palate (UCLP), N = 66, mean age 24.5 years (b) non-syndromic unrepaired unilateral complete cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA), N = 177, mean age 23.7 years, and (c) NORM (N = 50), mean age 21.2 years without a cleft. Using geometric morphometrics shape variability in groups and shape differences between groups was analyzed. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to examine shape variability, while differences between groups and sexes were evaluated with canonical variate analysis. Sexual dimorphism was evaluated with discriminant function analysis (DA). Results showed that in comparison to NORM subjects, shape variability in UCLA and UCLP is more pronounced in the antero-posterior than in vertical direction. Pairwise comparisons of the mean shape configurations (NORM vs. UCLA, NORM vs. UCLP, and UCLA vs. UCLP) revealed significant differences between cleft and non-cleft subjects. The first canonical variate (CV1, 68.2% of variance) demonstrated that differences were associated with maxillary shape and/or position and incisor inclination, while in females, the CV1 (69.2% of variance) showed a combination of differences of “maxillary shape and/or position and incisor inclination” and inclination of the cranial base. Shape variability demonstrated considerable differences in subjects with UCLA, UCLP, and NORM. Moreover, in subjects with a cleft, within-sample variability was more pronounced in the antero-posterior direction, while in non-cleft subjects, within-sample variability was more pronounced in the vertical direction. These findings may suggest that subjects with unilateral clefts have intrinsic growth impairment affecting subsequent facial development.

scholarly journals New host associations and a novel species for the gall-inducing acacia rust genus Ravenelia in South Africa

MycoKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malte Ebinghaus ◽  
Wolfgang Maier ◽  
Michael J. Wingfield ◽  
Dominik Begerow
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
New Host ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Trees in the genusVachellia(previouslyAcacia) are commonly infected by the gall-inducing rustsRaveneliamacowanianaandR.evansii. Rust galls bearing aecial infections and relating uredinial and telial infections on the leaves of nineVachelliaspecies not previously recorded to be infected byRaveneliaspp. have recently been collected in South Africa. The rust fungi causing these infections were characterised using molecular phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data of the LSU and ITS rDNA regions as well as morphological examinations. The host range ofR.macowanianaandR.evansiiwas thus re-assessed and extended from four to nine species and from one to three species, respectively. Application of Principal Component Analyses (PCA) of telial morphological characters provided evidence of an effect of the host species on the teliospore morphology inR.evansii, but only minor effects inR.macowaniana. A novel gall-inducingRaveneliasp. closely related toR.macowaniana, was found onVachelliaxanthophloeaand it is described here asR.xanthophloeae.

scholarly journals Phylogeny and Phylogeography ofMyrmica rubraComplex (Myrmicinae) in the Japanese Alps

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shouhei Ueda ◽  
Taito Nozawa ◽  
Tetsuya Matsuzuki ◽  
Ryo-ichi Seki ◽  
Shinya Shimamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
The Other ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Geographical Differentiation ◽  
Altitudinal Distribution ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Long Wavelength ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological Species

We investigated the genetic diversification of the mountain ant,Myrmica kotokui, in the Japanese Alps by using molecular phylogenetic analyses.Myrmica kotokuiis widely distributed in Japan, and in the central Japanese Alps it is found only between elevations of approximately 1000 to 2000 m. We hypothesized that genetically distinct clades of this ant species might inhabit different mountain ranges in central Japan. To test this hypothesis, we reconstructed a molecular phylogeny using the DNA sequences of the mitochondrialcytochrome oxidase Igene and the nuclearlong-wavelength rhodopsingene ofM. kotokuispecimens collected from six mountain ranges in the Japanese Alps. The phylogeny showed four highly differentiated clades. However, the correspondence between the clades and morphological species was a little confusing. Two clades were composed only ofM. kotokuispecimens, whereas the other two clades were composed of multispecies, suggesting the possibility of multispecies composition of putativeM. kotokui. The distribution pattern of these clades did not support our hypothesis of geographical differentiation, because two were distributed across all ranges, and a third was distributed in five of the six ranges. On the other hand, we found a pattern in the altitudinal distribution of the clades: one clade was distributed only at higher elevations, and the others were distributed at lower elevations. Thus, the ant clades do not show geographical segregation by mountain range, but they do show altitudinal differences.

scholarly journals Fungicide Sensitivity and Phylogenetic Relationship of Anthracnose Fungi Isolated from Various Fruit Crops in Japan

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Hsin Chung ◽  
Hideo Ishii ◽  
Kumiko Nishimura ◽  
Masako Fukaya ◽  
Kazutaka Yano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Interspecific Variation ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
Fungicide Sensitivity ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Anthracnose diseases of fruit crops are mainly caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and C. acutatum. In these Colletotrichum species, intra- and interspecific variation in fungicide sensitivity has been reported; however, the relationship between fungicide sensitivity and molecular phylogeny has not been analyzed. Fifty-one isolates from 10 fruit crops, acacia, and tea were tested for their sensitivities to thiophanate-methyl, diethofencarb, and iminoctadine-triacetate, and their internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and 5.8S regions of rDNA were analyzed. C. gloeosporioides isolates were divided into sensitive, less sensitive, intermediate resistant, or resistant to the three fungicides. In contrast, C. acutatum isolates were all less sensitive. In molecular phylogenetic analyses, C. gloeosporioides isolates fell into the same genetic group, whereas C. acutatum isolates were placed into two genetic groups. Although phylogenetic relationship was not closely related to fungicide sensitivity, the isolates of C. gloeosporioides most resistant to iminoctadine-triacetate were found in the same phylogenetic subgroup.

Molecular phylogeny and species delimitation of the genus Dicerapanorpa (Mecoptera: Panorpidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 187 (4) ◽  
pp. 1173-1195
Author(s):  
Gui-Lin Hu ◽  
Kai Gao ◽  
Ji-Shen Wang ◽  
Paul D N Hebert ◽  
Bao-Zhen Hua
Keyword(s):  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Integrative Approach ◽  
Geometric Morphometric ◽  
Operational Taxonomic Units ◽  
Integrative Analyses ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Three New Species ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Small Genus

Abstract Given that species is the fundamental unit in systematic biology, rigorous species delimitation is crucial for taxonomic studies, yet routine species delimitation remains an ongoing challenge in the taxonomic practice of insects. The two-horned scorpionfly Dicerapanorpa is a small genus in Panorpidae (Mecoptera) endemic to the Qinling-Bashan and Hengduan mountains, a biodiversity hotspot. However, species of Dicerapanorpa are difficult to delineate owing to marked intraspecific variation and interspecific similarity. Here, we investigate the diversity and species boundaries of Dicerapanorpa using an integrative approach based on DNA barcoding, morphological, geometric morphometric and molecular phylogenetic analyses. This integrative analyses confirmed the 13 described species of Dicerapanorpa and revealed three new species: Dicerapanorpa lativalva sp. nov., Dicerapanorpa hualongshana sp. nov. and Dicerapanorpa minshana sp. nov. Most molecular operational taxonomic units are in congruence with morphological clusters. Possible reasons for several discordances in Dicerapanorpa are tentatively discussed.

scholarly journals New host associations and a novel species for the gall-inducing acacia rust genus Ravenelia in South Africa

MycoKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 125-145
Author(s):  
Malte Ebinghaus ◽  
Wolfgang Maier ◽  
Michael J. Wingfield ◽  
Dominik Begerow
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Novel Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Rust Fungi ◽  
New Host ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Trees in the genusVachellia(previouslyAcacia) are commonly infected by the gall-inducing rustsRaveneliamacowanianaandR.evansii. Rust galls bearing aecial infections and relating uredinial and telial infections on the leaves of nineVachelliaspecies not previously recorded to be infected byRaveneliaspp. have recently been collected in South Africa. The rust fungi causing these infections were characterised using molecular phylogenetic analyses of DNA sequence data of the LSU and ITS rDNA regions as well as morphological examinations. The host range ofR.macowanianaandR.evansiiwas thus re-assessed and extended from four to nine species and from one to three species, respectively. Application of Principal Component Analyses (PCA) of telial morphological characters provided evidence of an effect of the host species on the teliospore morphology inR.evansii, but only minor effects inR.macowaniana. A novel gall-inducingRaveneliasp. closely related toR.macowaniana, was found onVachelliaxanthophloeaand it is described here asR.xanthophloeae.

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