Entrepreneurial Intentions of Business Students: A Matter of Masculinity and Femininity

Why an individual prefer to become an entrepreneur and what factor motivated his intentions for becoming an entrepreneur is considered important question in entrepreneurship research. Entrepreneurial education is considered an important variable which effect on entrepreneurial intentions. However, empirical research results on entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial intention yielded mixed results. To investigate further this question from developing countries perspective, this paper looks at the role of entrepreneurial education in developing the entrepreneurial intentions for becoming entrepreneur. The sample for this study composed of final year business students from Pakistan. The result of this study supports the entrepreneurial intentions model based on the theory of planned behavior. The results further suggested significant influence of entrepreneurial education on entrepreneurial intentions of the students. Moreover, this study results also showed that theoretical knowledge of entrepreneurship (know-what) and knowledge of social network development (know-who) component are vital for imparting entrepreneurial education.

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The Relationship between Self-Perceived Generic Competences and Entrepreneurial Intention

Industry and Higher Education ◽

10.5367/ihe.2012.0096 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 217-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Marja-Liisa Kakkonen

Keyword(s):

International Student ◽

Business Students ◽

Entrepreneurial Intention ◽

Bachelor's Degree ◽

Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽

Starting Point ◽

Different Types ◽

Generic Competences ◽

Written Assignments ◽

The Relationship

This paper reports on a qualitative study in Finland of the relationship between self-perceived generic competences and the entrepreneurial intentions of business students when they started their Bachelor's degree studies. The study was based on course-related written assignments of one international student group. The findings illustrated three different types of student competence profiles: independent achievers, social team players and dependent individuals; and they also created a starting point for the later examination of competence development.

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Why Trump and Clinton won and lost: the roles of hypermasculinity and androgyny

Equality Diversity and Inclusion An International Journal ◽

10.1108/edi-08-2017-0166 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 37 (1) ◽

pp. 44-62 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Gary N. Powell ◽

D. Anthony Butterfield ◽

Xueting Jiang

Keyword(s):

Gender Stereotypes ◽

Presidential Election ◽

Business Students ◽

Explanatory Power ◽

General Assumption ◽

Political Preference ◽

Content Type ◽

Presidential Candidates ◽

Masculinity And Femininity ◽

Us Presidential Election

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine perceptions of the “Ideal President” (IP) and presidential candidates in the 2016 US presidential election in relation to gender stereotypes and leader prototypes. Design/methodology/approach In all, 378 business students assessed perceptions of either the IP or a particular candidate on measures of masculinity and femininity. Androgyny (balance of masculinity and femininity) and hypermasculinity (extremely high masculinity) scores were calculated from these measures. Findings The IP was perceived as higher in masculinity than femininity, but less similar to the male (Donald Trump) than the female (Hillary Clinton) candidate. IP perceptions were more androgynous than in the 2008 US presidential election. Respondents’ political preferences were related to their IP perceptions on hypermasculinity, which in turn were consistent with perceptions of their preferred candidate. Social implications Trump’s high hypermasculinity scores may explain why he won the electoral college vote, whereas Clinton’s being perceived as more similar to the IP, and IP perceptions’ becoming more androgynous over time, may explain why she won the popular vote. Originality/value The study extends the literature on the linkages between gender stereotypes and leader prototypes in two respects. Contrary to the general assumption of a shared leader prototype, it demonstrates the existence of different leader prototypes according to political preference. The hypermasculinity construct, which was introduced to interpret leader prototypes in light of Trump’s candidacy and election, represents a valuable addition to the literature with potentially greater explanatory power than masculinity in some situations.

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DETERMINANTS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTIONS: APPLYING WESTERN MODEL TO THE SRI LANKA CONTEXT

Journal of Enterprising Culture ◽

10.1142/s0218495813500076 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 21 (02) ◽

pp. 153-174 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

XIAOHUA LIN ◽

ALAN CARSRUD ◽

KALINGA JAGODA ◽

WANQING SHEN

Keyword(s):

Sri Lanka ◽

Structural Equation ◽

Reasoned Action ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Business Students ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Perceived Behavioral Control ◽

Western Model

This study examines the factors influencing the intention of students to start up a new venture. Using both the "Theory of Planned Behavior" and "Theory of Reasoned Action", a model is tested using survey data collected from 353 undergraduate business students in Sri Lanka. Results of structural equation modeling show entrepreneurial intentions are positively influenced by perceived behavioral control and macro-environment support. However, the effects of attitudes towards entrepreneurship and subjective norms were not significantly related to intentions. Interestingly, beliefs about entrepreneurship had a negative relationship with attitudes toward entrepreneurship. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed in the context of developing countries like Sri Lanka.

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Impact of Self-Efficacy on Entrepreneurial Intention of Business Students

Management Letters ◽

10.47262/ml/2.1.202100119 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

pp. 20-30

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Business Students ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Entrepreneurial Intention ◽

Vital Role ◽

Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽

Primary Data ◽

New Business ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

Entrepreneurs play a vital role in the economic development and sustainability of any country. Entrepreneurship also helps in creating employment in the country and alleviating poverty. Developing an entrepreneurial ecosystem can ease the entrepreneurial culture in a country. This objective of the study highlighted the relationship of self-efficacy and entrepreneurial intentions of the entrepreneurs before launching any new business. These factors explained the hurdles faced by the entrepreneurs before starting any new business. For this purpose, a semi-structured questionnaire was utilized by the researcher as the research instrument. Primary data was collected from the students at different universities from different geographical locations and different academic backgrounds of Faisalabad. The purposive sampling technique used with sample size of 200 and different statistical tools would be applied to make an analysis. This study would be helpful to the practitioners, academia and entrepreneurs who are willing to enter the field of entrepreneurship. This study would highlight the entrepreneurial intentions of the students from entering the field of entrepreneurship.

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Entrepreneurship Education through Successful Entrepreneurial Models in Higher Education Institutions

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12031267 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 1267 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Gabriela Boldureanu ◽

Alina Măriuca Ionescu ◽

Ana-Maria Bercu ◽

Maria Viorica Bedrule-Grigoruță ◽

Daniel Boldureanu

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

Role Models ◽

Higher Education Institutions ◽

Business Students ◽

Student Perception ◽

Entrepreneurship Education ◽

Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽

Capital Theory ◽

Theoretical Perspectives ◽

Entrepreneurial Role

In higher education institutions, entrepreneurship learning based on successful entrepreneurial role models may promote education for sustainable development. Several theoretical perspectives, such as the human capital theory, the entrepreneurial self-efficacy and self-determination theory, argue that entrepreneurship education is positively correlated with entrepreneurial intentions of students, as it provides adequate know-how and skills and motivates them to develop their entrepreneurial careers. In entrepreneurship education programmes, exposure to successful entrepreneurial models could be a significant factor for stimulating students’ confidence in their ability to start a business and for improving their attitudes towards entrepreneurship. This study aims (i) to identify characteristics viewed by students as being specific to a successful entrepreneur, (ii) to establish the influence of exposure to successful entrepreneurial role models (chosen by students) during entrepreneurship education classes on student entrepreneurial intentions, and (iii) to assess how such exposure influences the attitudes of students towards entrepreneurship. For this purpose, the authors ran a pilot experiment with 30 graduate students enrolled in a Business Creation course using a research methodology that combined qualitative techniques with quantitative measures. Content and statistical analyses were utilised to examine differences in student entrepreneurial intentions and attitudes towards entrepreneurship after being exposed to successful entrepreneurial models. Our study provides evidence that entrepreneurship education based on successful entrepreneurial role models may positively influence the entrepreneurial attitudes and intentions of students and could lead to higher orientation of student perception towards social benefits of entrepreneurship (new jobs) compared to financial ones (high income). However, our findings stress that if educators want to improve the efficiency of education focused on developing entrepreneurial skills, graduate programmes should be designed differently for business and non-business students, since studying successful entrepreneurial stories impacts these two groups differently.

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Good Entrepreneurial Intentions, No Entrepreneurial Action

Research Anthology on Business and Technical Education in the Information Era ◽

10.4018/978-1-7998-5345-9.ch063 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1124-1146

Author(s):

Thea Van der Westhuizen

Keyword(s):

Unemployment Rate ◽

Business Education ◽

Business Students ◽

Youth Unemployment ◽

Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽

Crucial Importance ◽

Entrepreneurial Intent ◽

New Business ◽

Entrepreneurial Action ◽

Undergraduate Business Students

Against the background of the extremely high youth unemployment rate in South Africa, a survey was conducted among final-year undergraduate business students, asking them to rate the importance of five entrepreneurial processes: 1) obtaining entrepreneurship-related education, 2) searching, 3) planning, 4) marshalling, 5) implementing. Responses indicated that they recognized the importance of all five and also displayed personality traits positively related to individual entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intent. Continuing deterioration in youth employment nonetheless suggests that good entrepreneurial intentions do not translate into sustainable entrepreneurial action. Respondents failed to recognize the importance of their lecturers' role in their business education and seemed not to perceive that they needed intensive support from their lecturers to become entrepreneurial. They also failed to recognize the crucial importance of solid ground-work before starting a new business. These gaps in knowledge have an important bearing on the high unemployment rate.

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Examining the Relationship between Psychological Capital and Entrepreneurial Intention: An Exploratory Study

Asian Social Science ◽

10.5539/ass.v13n3p80 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 80 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Francoise Contreras ◽

Inge de Dreu ◽

Juan C. Espinosa

Keyword(s):

Self Efficacy ◽

Psychological Capital ◽

Business Students ◽

Entrepreneurial Intention ◽

Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽

Life Orientation Test ◽

Life Orientation ◽

Resilience Scale ◽

The Individual ◽

General Self Efficacy

The aim of this study is determine if Entrepreneurial Intention is related to Psychological Capital in business students. Self-efficacy, Hope, Optimism and Resiliency, which are all dimensions of psychological capital, were assessed with the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), the Hope Scale (HS), the Life Orientation Test Revised (LOT-R) and the Resilience Scale (RS), respectively. The Entrepreneurial Intention was assessed through five statements. According to the results, Entrepreneurial Intention is related to all dimensions of Psychological Capital, mainly with Self-efficacy and Resilience. Psychological Capital as an integrated construct was related to Entrepreneurial Intention as a whole. These findings provide additional evidence about the importance to study Psychological capital as an integrated construct instead of studying its dimensions separately, even more so when studied in relation to Entrepreneurial Intention. In spite of the advances in the knowledge about the individual differences related to entrepreneurial intentions, it is necessary to continue studying this phenomenon, considering that the results are still scarce and inconclusive.

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The Differential Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on the Entrepreneurial Intentions of Segments of Students

Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy ◽

10.1177/2515127420936240 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 251512742093624

Author(s):

Rotem Shneor ◽

J. Brock Smith ◽

Claudia G. Smith ◽

Jann Fabian Michael Goedecke

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Self Efficacy ◽

Business Students ◽

Entrepreneurship Education ◽

Entrepreneurial Intentions ◽

Aggregate Level ◽

Differential Impact ◽

Student Subjects ◽

Public Policy Decisions ◽

The Impact

Inconclusive prior research on the effects of entrepreneurship education may be an aggregation artefact because student subjects were assumed to be homogenous. Accordingly, we examine the impact of entrepreneurship education on student intention, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude towards entrepreneurship among theoretically relevant sub-groups of Norwegian business students. We find that at aggregate level, self-efficacy increases while attitude towards entrepreneurship and intentions remain unchanged. However, on closer examination we find that entrepreneurial self-efficacy and attitude towards entrepreneurship increase for some subgroups of students, decrease for other subgroups of students, and have opposite, cancelling, changes for still others. Such unmasking of the true effects of entrepreneurship education helps ensure that pedagogy, funding, and public policy decisions are made appropriately.

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Drivers of entrepreneurial intentions among business students in Macedonia

Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja ◽

10.1080/1331677x.2016.1211956 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 29 (1) ◽

pp. 1062-1074 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ana Tomovska Misoska ◽

Makedonka Dimitrova ◽

Jadranka Mrsik

Keyword(s):

Business Students ◽

Entrepreneurial Intentions

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