The Looming COVID-19 Housing and Health Crisis in the US: Results from a National and Four-City Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Mary Findling ◽  
Robert Blendon ◽  
John Benson ◽  
Carolyn Miller
Keyword(s):  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Us

scholarly journals 2020 FDA TIDES (Peptides and Oligonucleotides) Harvest

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Othman Al Musaimi ◽  
Danah Al Shaer ◽  
Fernando Albericio ◽  
Beatriz de la Torre
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Drug Administration ◽  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Food And Drug Administration ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
New Drug ◽  
Target Mode ◽  
The Us

2020 has been an extremely difficult and challenging year as a result of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and one in which most efforts have been channeled into tackling the global health crisis. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved 53 new drug entities, six of which fall in the peptides and oligonucleotides (TIDES) category. The number of authorizations for these kinds of drugs has been similar to that of previous years, thereby reflecting the consolidation of the TIDES market. Here, the TIDES approved in 2020 are analyzed in terms of chemical structure, medical target, mode of action, and adverse effects.

scholarly journals Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2: current understanding, challenge and perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 285-299
Author(s):  
Yang Huang ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
Hai Yu ◽  
Shaowei Li ◽  
Qingbing Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Viral Escape ◽  
Global Burden ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Us ◽  
Preclinical And Clinical Studies ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Rapid Emergence

Abstract The rapid emergence of Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome 2 coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) as a pandemic that presents an urgent human health crisis. Many SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) were developed with efficient therapeutic potential. NAbs-based therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 are being expedited to preclinical and clinical studies with two antibody drugs, LY3819253 (LY-CoV555) and REGN-COV2 (REGN10933 and REGN10987), approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for emergency use authorization for treating COVID-19. In this review, we provide a systemic overview of SARS-CoV-2 specific or cross-reactive NAbs and discuss their structures, functions and neutralization mechanisms. We provide insight into how these NAbs specific recognize the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 or cross-react to other CoVs. We also summarize the challenges of NAbs therapeutics such as antibody-dependent enhancement and viral escape mutations. Such evidence is urgently needed to the development of antibody therapeutic interventions that are likely required to reduce the global burden of COVID-19.

Revealing public opinion towards COVID-19 vaccines with Twitter data in the United States: a spatiotemporal perspective (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tao Hu ◽  
Siqin Wang ◽  
Wei Luo ◽  
Mengxi Zhang ◽  
Xiao Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Sentiment ◽  
Spatiotemporal Trends ◽  
The Us ◽  
Key Events

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed a large, initially uncontrollable, public health crisis both in the US and across the world, with experts looking to vaccines as the ultimate mechanism of defense. The development and deployment of COVID-19 vaccines have been rapidly advancing via global efforts. Hence, it is crucial for governments, public health officials, and policy makers to understand public attitudes and opinions towards vaccines, such that effective interventions and educational campaigns can be designed to promote vaccine acceptance OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to investigate public opinion and perception on COVID-19 vaccines by investigating the spatiotemporal trends of their sentiment and emotion towards vaccines, as well as how such trends relate to popular topics on Twitter in the US METHODS We collected over 300,000 geotagged tweets in the US from March 1, 2020 to February 28, 2021. We examined the spatiotemporal patterns of public sentiment and emotion over time at both national and state scales and identified three phases along the pandemic timeline with the significant changes of public sentiment and emotion, further linking to eleven key events and major topics as the potential drivers to induce such changes via cloud mapping of keywords and topic modelling RESULTS An increasing trend of positive sentiment in parallel with the decrease of negative sentiment are generally observed in most states, reflecting the rising confidence and anticipation of the public towards vaccines. The overall tendency of the eight types of emotion implies the trustiness and anticipation of the public to vaccination, accompanied by the mixture of fear, sadness and anger. Critical social/international events and/or the announcements of political leaders and authorities may have potential impacts on the public opinion on vaccines. These factors, along with important topics and manual reading of popular posts on eleven key events, help identify underlying themes and validate insights from the analysis CONCLUSIONS The analyses of near real-time social media big data benefit public health authorities by enabling them to monitor public attitudes and opinions towards vaccine-related information in a geo-aware manner, address the concerns of vaccine skeptics and promote the confidence of individuals within a certain region or community, towards vaccines

Abstract TP418: Impact of Substance Use Disorder on Stroke Outcomes

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Lawler ◽  
Jessica Lee
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Infective Endocarditis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Stroke Outcomes ◽  
The Us ◽  
Illicit Substances

Background: Substance abuse is a major health crisis in the US, with an estimated 20 million people suffering from substance use disorders (SUD). In addition to rising rates of SUD, Kentucky is located in the northern region of the stroke belt and has one of the highest rates of stroke hospitalizations in the US. Substance use may cause stroke by various mechanisms, including vasoconstriction, endothelial dysfunction, drug-induced vasculopathies, advanced rates of atherosclerosis, and infective endocarditis. We sought to examine the relationship between SUD and stroke outcomes. Methods: This is a single center, retrospective chart review of adults age >18 years with a diagnosis of ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, and SUD based on either urine drug testing or medical record history, admitted between 12/6/2015 and 5/10/2019. We collected length of stay (LOS), admission/discharge NIHSS, discharge modified Rankin Scores, ICH scores, and discharge status and compared them to controls of ischemic stroke without SUD. Results: A total of 197 cases were identified [M=147 (74.6%)]. The most common illicit substances identified by testing were stimulants (42.6%, n=84), opioids (32.5%, n=64), and benzodiazepines (28.4%, n=56). Nearly all subjects had multiple substances present on screening. 13.8% (n=27) and 5.6% (n=11) received thrombolysis with either IV alteplase or mechanical thrombectomy, respectively. Compared to a control group of 176 ischemic stroke patients that did not test positive for illicit substances, cases (n= 139, ischemic stroke + SUD) were younger (mean=54.94+/-12.01 vs 66.15 +/- 14.38 yrs , p=0.0137), had a longer LOS (n=139, mean=8.44+/-10.84 vs 5.06 +/- 5.74, p=0.0006), higher admission NIHSS (mean=9.87+/-9.08, p=0.00012), and higher discharge NIHSS (mean=6.51+/-7.13 vs 4.19 +/- 5.73 , p=0.000512). Conclusion: Patients with SUD and stroke had longer LOS and worse discharge NIHSS compared to ischemic stroke patients without SUD. This could be due to the different mechanisms that cause strokes in substance users or could be a reflection of the effects of specific substances present at the time of admission. Future directions will include evaluating a hemorrhagic control population and examining a subpopulation of infective endocarditis.

scholarly journals Innovation institutions and the opioid crisis†

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J Hemel ◽  
Lisa Larrimore Ouellette
Keyword(s):  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
Innovation Policy ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Opioid Crisis ◽  
Policy Domain ◽  
The Us ◽  
Federal Subsidies ◽  
Ip Law

Abstract The US has recently—and belatedly—come to recognize opioid addiction as a public health crisis. What has gone mostly unrecognized is the degree to which this crisis is intertwined with US intellectual property law and related elements of US innovation policy. Innovation institutions—the legal arrangements that structure incentives for production and allocation of knowledge goods—encouraged the development and commercialization of addictive painkillers, restricted access to opioid antidotes, and (perhaps most importantly) failed to facilitate investments in alternative, nonaddictive treatments for chronic pain. Although innovation policy does not bear all the blame for the opioid wave that has washed over communities across the country, innovation institutions are bound up in the ongoing epidemic to a degree that so far has gone underappreciated. This article examines the proliferation of opioid use and abuse through the lens of innovation policy, and it envisions ways in which innovation institutions could help to contain the crisis. Along the way, it seeks to derive broader lessons for innovation policy scholarship as well as recommendations for institutional reform. The opioid crisis challenges the conventional understanding of IP law as a trade-off between allocative efficiency and dynamic efficiency; it highlights the potentially pernicious role of IP protection for addictive and habit-forming products; and it exposes deep flaws in the structure of federal subsidies for and regulation of prescription drugs. It also draws attention to the political and cultural factors that contribute to innovation policy failures. Ultimately, the opioid crisis underscores both the urgency and the limits of institutional change in the innovation policy domain.

The Emergence of COVID-19 in the US: A Public Health and Political Communication Crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 967-981 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Gollust ◽  
Rebekah H. Nagler ◽  
Erika Franklin Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Political Communication ◽  
Initial Response ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Attitudes And Beliefs ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us

Abstract The coronavirus public health crisis is also a political-communication and health-communication crisis. In this article, the authors describe the key communication-related phenomena and evidence of concerning effects manifested in the United States during the initial response to the pandemic. The authors outline the conditions of communication about coronavirus that contribute to deleterious outcomes, including partisan cueing, conflicting science, downplayed threats, emotional arousal, fragmented media, and Trump's messaging. The authors suggest these have contributed to divergent responses by media sources, partisan leaders, and the public alike, leading to different attitudes and beliefs as well as varying protective actions taken by members of the public to reduce their risk. In turn, these divergent communication phenomena will likely amplify geographic variation in and inequities with COVID-19 disease outcomes. The authors conclude with some suggestions for future research, particularly surrounding communication about health inequity and strategies for reducing partisan divergence in views of public health issues in the future.

Nicaragua pandemic downplaying is a political gamble

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Social Impacts ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Government ◽  
Trade And Investment ◽  
Economic And Social Impacts ◽  
Opposition Parties

Significance Some initiatives have been introduced to help counter the economic and social impacts of the pandemic, but the government’s actions appear to be driven less by the need to address the health crisis than by a desire to shore up political support ahead of elections next year. Impacts Opposition parties are beginning to forge electoral alliances in the hope of benefitting from popular frustration with the government. Trade and investment into Nicaragua will remain minimal, with external firms wary about the potential prevalence of COVID-19. The outcome of the US presidential elections in November will affect the potential for US aid and investment.

Suga will hold Japan steady in short term only

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Public Health Crisis ◽  
The Us ◽  
Us Presidential Election

Significance He leaves office having failed to achieve his ambition to reform Japan’s constitution, and is widely seen as having mismanaged the most serious public health crisis in decades. Impacts New foreign policy initiatives are unlikely until after the US presidential election. Abe could make a decision before leaving office on whether Japan should acquire pre-emptive strike capabilities. No moves on constitution revision are likely for the next twelve months at least. Japan would be at a disadvantage if a foreign policy crisis were to occur in the next twelve months, and the next few weeks in particular. Whether the Olympics next summer go well will have some influence on whether Suga stays on as leader.

scholarly journals Price Gouging During a Pandemic: The Federal Government’s Response

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 33
Author(s):  
Marissa Rydzewski
Keyword(s):  
Federal Government ◽  
World Health ◽  
State Of Emergency ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Us ◽  
Fraudulent Activity ◽  
The Many ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Price Gouging

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) characterized the COVID-19 outbreak as a pandemic. Two days later, the US president declared a state of emergency in Proclamation No. 9994. One of the many problems that arise with a public health crisis is the shortage of essential medical supplies like ventilators, masks, and hand sanitizer. When these items become scarce, some businesses or entrepreneurs try to inflate their prices to make a higher profit when they know they can still sell these necessary items. These high costs on goods during disasters or emergencies can seem unfair and make it difficult for those who need them able to afford them. During these stressful times, it’s important for Americans to recognize and report price gouging when they suspect fraudulent activity when purchasing items. Where do people find the authority on anti-price gouging laws? Typically, it is each state’s responsibility, however, in times of crisis, the federal government could also do what is necessary to protect the public interests. This paper will assist people in understanding what price gouging is, how to recognize when price gouging is occurring, and how to report it. Additionally, this paper will address what responsibility the federal government has to protect Americans from price gouging schemes in times of crisis and what it is currently implementing to prevent these fraudulent actions.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Stress in Healthcare Professional During COVID-19 Pandemic in Northeast México: A Remote Fast Survey Evaluation, the Use of an Adapted COVID-19 Stress Scale

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Luis Delgado-Gallegos ◽  
Rene de Jesus Montemayor-Garza ◽  
Gerardo R. Padilla-Rivas ◽  
Hector Franco-Villareal ◽  
Jose Francisco Islas
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Stress ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Stress Scale ◽  
Work Area ◽  
The Us ◽  
Compulsive Checking ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Survey Evaluation

The world is currently, subjected to the worst health crisis documented in modern history; an epidemic led by the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). At the epicenter of this crisis, healthcare professionals continue working to safeguard our well-being. To the regular high levels of stress, COVID new heights even more to healthcare professionals so depending on the area, specialty, and type of work. Here we investigated what are the tendencies, or areas most affected. Through an adaptation of the original COVID-stress scale, we developed a remote, fast test designed for healthcare professionals of the Northeastern part of Mexico, an important part of the country with economic and cultural ties to the US. Our results showed 4 key correlations as highly dependent: Work area – Xenophobia (p < 0.045), Work with COVID patients - Traumatic stress (p < 0.001) and Total number of COVID patients per day – Traumatic stress (p < 0.027), and Total number of COVID patients - Compulsive checking and reassurance. Overall concluding that normal levels of stress have increased (mild – moderate). Additionally, we further determine that the fear of being an asymptomatic patient (potential to spread without knowing) continues being a concern.

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