scholarly journals Post-Traumatic Realism: Representations of History in Recent Irish Novels

2015 ◽  
pp. 19-31
Author(s):  
Leszek Drong
Keyword(s):  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Literary Fiction ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Historical Revisionism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Religious Conflicts ◽  
The Social ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Robert Mcliam Wilson

Post-Traumatic Realism: Representations of History in Recent Irish NovelsThe aim of my essay is to describe major tendencies in contemporary Irish prose writing concerned with historical and political issues. The diversity of the themes and attitudes to the past necessitates a classification of the writings into several various groups of novels whereas my analysis of the modes of representing the intratextual universe paves the way for identifying a single literary convention (post-traumatic realism) which is typical of the works under discussion. Many of the quoted authors subscribe to historical revisionism which undermines the received historical narrative in Ireland and questions its aggressively nationalist model of patriotism. The novels by Sebastian Barry, Robert McLiam Wilson, Edna O’Brien or Julia O’Faolain, to name just a few, contest that model by demonstrating that it leads to violence, cultural stagnation and petrifying political divisions both in the Republic of Ireland and in Northern Ireland. In the age of the epistemological levelling of historiographic discourse and literary fiction the novels discussed in the essay meaningfully contribute to the debate over the Irish nation’s attitude to their own history and the need to conclude the painful chapters of the past connected with the Civil War as well as with the social and religious conflicts of the twentieth century. Realizm posttraumatyczny. Sposoby przedstawiania historii we współczesnych powieściach irlandzkich Celem niniejszego artykułu jest scharakteryzowanie głównych tendencji we współczesnej prozie irlandzkiej podejmującej tematykę historyczną i polityczną. Różnorodność tematów i postaw wobec przeszłości zmusza do wyodrębnienia co najmniej kilku odmiennych grup powieści, natomiast analiza sposobów prezentacji universum wewnątrztekstowego pozwala pokusić się o określenie jednej typowej konwencji literackiej, jaką w przypadku omawianych utworów jest realizm posttraumatyczny. Wielu z przytaczanych autorów wpisuje się także w nurt rewizjonizmu historycznego, który podważa zastaną narrację historyczną i obiegowy, nacechowany agresywnym nacjonalizmem model patriotyzmu. Powieści Sebastiana Barry’ego, Roberta McLiama Wilsona, Edny O’Brien czy Julii O’Faolain kontestują ów model, ukazując, że prowadzi on do przemocy, utrwalania podziałów politycznych i stagnacji kulturowej zarówno w Republice Irlandii, jak i w Irlandii Północnej. W dobie epistemologicznego równouprawnienia dyskursu historiograficznego i fikcji literackiej omawiane w artykule powieści konstruktywnie wpisują się w dyskusję nad stosunkiem narodu irlandzkiego do swojej historii, nad koniecznością zamknięcia raz na zawsze bolesnych rozdziałów związanych z wojną domową początku lat dwudziestych XX wieku i konfliktami na tle społecznym oraz religijnym.

Risking Debt for Honor

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-71
Author(s):  
Jennifer R. Cash
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Urban Migration ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Upheaval ◽  
The Social ◽  
Rural Urban Migration ◽  
The Republic

Research on godparenthood has traditionally emphasized its stabilizing effect on social structure. This article, however, focuses attention on how the practices and discourses associated with marital sponsorship in the Republic of Moldova ascribe value to the risks and uncertainties of social life. Moldova has experienced substantial economic, social, and political upheaval during the past two decades of postsocialism, following a longer period of Soviet-era modernization, secularization, and rural–urban migration. In this context, godparenthood has not contributed to the long-term stability of class structure or social relations, but people continue to seek honor and social respect by taking the social and economic risks involved in sponsoring new marriages.

scholarly journals Warfare, Ethics, Ethology: evolutionary fundamentals for conflict and cooperation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Barreiros
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Social Ethics ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Conflict And Cooperation ◽  
African Apes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cognitive Capability ◽  
The Social

The aim of this article is to set a macro-historical narrative concerning the emergence of warfare and social ethics as symplesiomorphic features in the lineage of Homo sapiens. This means that these two behavioral aspects, representative of a very selected branch in the phylogenetic tree of the Primate order, are shared by the two lineages of great African apes that diverged from a common ancestor around six million years in the past, leading to extant humans and chimpanzees. Therefore, this article proposes an ethological understanding of warfare and social ethics, as both are innate to the social high-specialized modular mind present in the species of genera Pan and Homo. However behavioral restraints to intersocietal coalitionary violence seems to be an exclusive aspect of the transdominial modular cognition that characterizes modern humans. Thus, if in the evolutionary long durée, warfare and restrictions to intrasocial violence both appear to be ethologically common to humans and chimpanzees to a certain extent, an ethics of warfare - and, of course, the cognitive capability for intersocietal peace - seems to be distinctly human.

scholarly journals On Memory of Plates and Dishes

Fluminensia ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-136
Author(s):  
Krystyna Pieniążek-Marković
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Literary Fiction ◽  
Western World ◽  
Individual Identity ◽  
The Past ◽  
Literary Sources ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Common

The aim of the article is to discuss how elements of food narratives meals and kitchen tools used for cooking are used in order to consolidate and shape the Croatian cultural memory, especially in the context of its Mediterranean heritage.For this reason, the texts by Veljko Barbieri, collected in the four volumes under the common and significant title Kuharski kanconijer. Gurmanska sjećanja Mediterana, are analysed. His circum-culinary narratives are a combination of encyclopaedic knowledge, references to historical and literary sources, personal memories and literary fiction. They can be easily inscribed in the Croatian (collective and individual) identity discourse since they are able to strengthen the collective (either national and supranational, or geo-regional) identity, and to construct the cultural memory. They also show Croatia's affiliation to the Western world along with its cultural-civilization rooting in antiquity, the Mediterranean region and Christianity, thus forming a part of the founding memory that develops a narrative about the very beginnings of Croatian presence on this land. The gastronomic narratives serve to create the cultural memory and this version of history which is to stabilize the social identity described by Pierre Nora and Andreas Huyssen. Through his stories, Barbieri shapes memory based on the representation of the past. In the analysed narratives, the memory carriers are dishes and plates which find reference to the oldest history of Croatia rendered by myths and other narratives. Associated with dishes, the pots enable the narrator to recall the past and the identity coded in individual dishes. They also participate in the processes of repeating, storage and remembering which generate a symbiotic relationship between man and thing. The memory carriers that is, food and plates depicted in Barbieri's culinary narratives do not convey their content in a neutral way, but construct their marked images.

scholarly journals Warfare, Ethics, Ethology Evolutionary fundamentals for conflict and cooperation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Barreiros
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Tree ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Social Ethics ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Conflict And Cooperation ◽  
African Apes ◽  
The Past ◽  
Cognitive Capability ◽  
The Social

The aim of this article is to set a macro-historical narrative concerning the emergence of warfare and social ethics as symplesiomorphic features in the lineage of Homo sapiens. This means that these two behavioral aspects, representative of a very selected branch in the phylogenetic tree of the Primate order, are shared by the two lineages of great African apes that diverged from a common ancestor around six million years in the past, leading to extant humans and chimpanzees. Therefore, this article proposes an ethological understanding of warfare and social ethics, as both are innate to the social high-specialized modular mind present in the species of genera Pan and Homo. However behavioral restraints to intersocietal coalitionary violence seems to be an exclusive aspect of the transdominial modular cognition that characterizes modern humans. Thus, if in the evolutionary long durée, warfare and restrictions to intrasocial violence both appear to be ethologically common to humans and chimpanzees to a certain extent, an ethics of warfare - and, of course, the cognitive capability for intersocietal peace - seems to be distinctly human.

THE ROLE OF STATE PENSIONS IN SOCIAL PROTECTION OF CITIZENS

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 45-52
Author(s):  
Makhmudjon Ziyadullaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Constitutional Rights ◽  
Pension Systems ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right

This article presents ofthe content of the right to social security, which is considered as one of the constitutional rights of citizens, the role of state pensions in the social protection of pensioners and the world pension systems, including distributive, mandatory and conditional pension funds.As well as the size of pensions and their components, the relevance and importance in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the ratification of the UN Universal Declaration of Human Rights and changes in thepension sector over the past 3-4 years, taking into account the types of pension provision, frombeginningsof independence of our country

Remembering and forgetting the SFR Yugoslavia. Historiography and history textbooks in the Republic of Macedonia

Südosteuropa ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Stefoska ◽  
Darko Stojanov
Keyword(s):  
Federal Republic ◽  
History Textbooks ◽  
Historical Narrative ◽  
Republic Of Macedonia ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Eu

AbstractThis article analyses the interpretations and symbolic markers of the ‘new’ memory created in the Republic of Macedonia in the past few years. The question the authors raise concerns how images of the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia have been thematized or, likely, left to disappear into oblivion. Analysis of post-1991 historiography and history textbooks in Macedonia suggests that the main waves of change in the historical narrative have all followed the same general lines although not simultaneously. There have been other, minor factors, but the major changes in both domains have been related to the independence of the country, its aspirations to join the EU, and the rise of nationalism.

scholarly journals Revisionismo histórico en arquitectura, en el intersticio de los siglos XX y XXI: reivindicar, rescatar o negar una memoria

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (59) ◽  
pp. 06-27
Author(s):  
Wiliam García-Ramirez ◽  
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Historical Revisionism ◽  
The Past ◽  
Political Sciences ◽  
Research Contribution ◽  
Historical Memories ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

Historical revisionism, a phenomenon typical of social and political sciences, has been consolidated at the start of the 21st century as one of the paradigmatic strategies in architecture, with the purpose of rewriting -or erasing- historical memories of the city. In this context, the objective of the research presented here was to investigate the relationship between different convergent social and political situations on the issue of memory and the demolition/construction of architectures, as a strategy to question events from the past and the official narratives. As this is a historiographic research, the methodology used a cross analysis between the discourses on which several socio-political issues around memory, that occurred in different countries, have been based, and the architectural projects built or demolished because of these issues. The conclusions, insofar as a research contribution, allowed detecting three lines of historical revisionism in architecture, starting from its use -and abuse- regarding the historiography of the facts: vindication, rescue, and denial of memory.

scholarly journals We Can Be Heroes: A Study of Mythistoric Genealogies in the Roman Republic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Steven Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Social History ◽  
Natural Evolution ◽  
Social Constructs ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Relationship

<p>Mythistoric genealogies, the claims of divine or heroic ancestry made by the Roman elite during the Republic, provide an alternative lens through which to understand social constructs and political experiences of Romans. However, the relationship between mos maiorum and these mythistoric genealogies remains unexplored in modern scholarship in a detailed and focused manner. This research sets out to demonstrate that mythistoric genealogies were a natural evolution of the Romans’ ancestral veneration which is implicit in mos maiorum.  This thesis focuses on three of the most politically prolific gentes whose social influence spanned the 500 years of the Republic. First, each case study assembles and analyses the evidence (numismatics, literature, sculpture and architecture) that preserved the claims made by each gens and arranges them in such a way as to furnish a linear account of the genealogies. Second, each case study presents and analyses a member of each gens to demonstrate how he exemplifies, retains, or emulates the attributes, instructions and morality of their described genealogy. The historical person is analysed through the lenses of mythistoric genealogy, Paradigmatic Pressure, and Social Capital.  The three case studies demonstrate that the clans of Aemilius, Fabius, and Valerius used their mythistoric genealogies to anchor themselves to the majesty of Rome’s past and that mythistoric genealogy was an integral part of mos maiorum. Furthermore, the connection of mythistoric genealogy, as an evolved element of mos maiorum, is emphasised through the following factors: they serve an educational function; serve as binding instructions; display the retention of events, lives and deeds of heroes; serve as examples meant for the emulation of the past morality; and, finally, can be shaped and reconstructed to suit present situations or political agendas. The results of this research contributes directly to the ongoing discussion of mos maiorum, discusses the social concepts held by elite Romans during the Republic, demonstrates how inter-generational connections were crucial to ideals held by the nobiles, and engages with mos maiorum in-depth (in terms of myth and legend) in a way that has not been done in a ‘per gens’ manner in scholarship, filling a gap in the study of social history during the Republic.</p>

scholarly journals Tashkent by the Interpretation of Russian Researchers

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Ergashev Bahtiyar Ergashevich ◽  
Amirkulov Zhasur Bahtiyorovich ◽  
Mamatkulova Farangiz Orzukulovna ◽  
Asatullaev Mirzhalolhon Isahonovich
Keyword(s):  
Stages Of Change ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Central State ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The City ◽  
Official Records

The article is devoted to the history of Turkestan in the second half of XIX – beginning of XX centuries. The main object of research is the book by A.I.Dobrosmyslov "Tashkent in the past and present" which was published in 1912. The subject is the study of historical facts stated in the book. The article provides a historical retrospective of the history of Tashkent in the early XX century. The author of the book, being a veteran by profession on the instructions of the administration of the Turkestan General-Governorate, collected a wealth of material on the history of Tashkent. The book, which consists of 15 chapters, covers questions on the history of the city before the conquest, historical facts related to the conquest and the subsequent stages of change and formation of the social and economic life of Tashkent. The authors in the article explore the issues of irrigation in the context of improvement of water supply to the city. The biography of A.I.Dobromyslov is studied separately from the source side. The authors widely used the materials of the Central State Archive of the Republic of Uzbekistan to reveal this problem. They mainly use the official records of the Turkestan General-Governorate Office.

ABOUT THE LEVELS OF RELIGIOUS IDENTITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF BASHKORTOSTAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-164
Author(s):  
R.B. Shaykhislamov ◽  
O.A. Bureeva
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
The Past ◽  
Traditional Religions ◽  
Republic Of Bashkortostan ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Close Relatives

Over the past three decades, both in Russia as a whole and in its regions, the number of believers representing different faiths has increased. Most Russian regions are multi-confessional. Relations of mutual respect and tolerance have evolved over the centuries between the adherents of traditional religions. It should be noted that in the traditional way of life, representatives of confessional groups formed separate settlements. Today the representatives of different confessions live in the same locality urban and rural areas, often are neighbors, and colleagues. Moreover, representatives of confessional groups become distant or close relatives. In other words, there is a reduction in the social distance between representatives of different faiths. Therefore, it is essential to find ways not only of good-neighbourly coexistence, not only tolerance, but also trust and cooperation between different groups of believers at the macro-, meso- and micro levels.

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