Role of Inositol Triphosphate Isomer Formation in Type II Pneumocyte Signal Transduction

1991 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 514-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Tio ◽  
Agnes Tayag ◽  
Morris Rehn ◽  
David Warburton
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Inositol Triphosphate ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Ii Pneumocyte

scholarly journals Role of Type II Pneumocyte Senescence in Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis

2013 ◽  
Vol 105 (19) ◽  
pp. 1474-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah E. Citrin ◽  
Uma Shankavaram ◽  
Jason A. Horton ◽  
William Shield ◽  
Shuping Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Fibrosis ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Type Ii Pneumocyte ◽  
Radiation Induced

scholarly journals Role of Rv3351c in trafficking Mycobacterium tuberculosis bacilli in alveolar epithelial cells and its contribution to disease

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan Prescott ◽  
Kari Fine-Coulson ◽  
Maureen Metcalfe ◽  
Tuhina Gupta ◽  
Michelle Dookwah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mycobacterium Tuberculosis ◽  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Lipid Raft ◽  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial Cells ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Alveolar Epithelial ◽  
Type Ii Pneumocyte ◽  
Type Ii Pneumocytes

AbstractAlthough interactions with alveolar macrophages have been well characterized for Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the roles epithelial cells play during infection and disease development have been less studied. We have previously shown that deletion of gene rv3351c reduces M. tuberculosis replication in and necrosis of A549 human type II pneumocyte cells. In the present study, we report that rv3351c is required for lipid raft aggregation on A549 cell plasma membranes during M. tuberculosis infection. Lipid raft aggregation was also induced directly by recombinant Rv3351c protein. A Δrv3351c deletion mutant was less effective than wild type M. tuberculosis at circumventing phagolysosome fusion in A549 cells as evidenced by increased co-localization with lysosomal markers LAMP-2 and cathepsin-L by the mutant bacilli. These observations indicate a role for Rv3351c in modification of the plasma membrane to facilitate trafficking and survival of M. tuberculosis bacilli through alveolar epithelial cells, and support the hypothesis that M. tuberculosis has mechanisms to target the alveolar epithelium. Preliminary data also demonstrate that like the type II pneumocyte-targeting M. tuberculosis secreted protein heparin-binding filamentous hemagglutinin (HBHA), Rv3351c is detected by the host cellular and humoral immune responses during infection, and may play an important role in mycobacterial dissemination from the lungs.Author summaryMycobacterium tuberculosis is the leading causes of death due to a single infectious agent and many facets regarding the pathogenesis of this organism remain unknown. This facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen often establishes infection through inhalation of the bacilli into the alveoli of the lungs. Interactions with alveolar macrophages have been well characterized and it had been assumed that these interactions with phagocytic cells primarily determine the fate of the disease. However, alveolar epithelial cells, such as type II pneumocytes, play important roles in disease progression of other bacterial and viral respiratory pathogens, which provided the impetus to more-closely examine pneumocyte-M. tuberculosis interactions. We describe in this study the role of the M. tuberculosis rv3351c gene product in the internalization and survival of this pathogen in human type II pneumocytes. We previously showed that a Δrv3351c mutant replicates less efficiently and generates less necrosis than the parental M. tuberculosis strain in this cell type. We demonstrate herein that Rv3351c protein induces lipid raft aggregation on the membranes of alveolar epithelial cells and that M. tuberculosis Δrv3351c traffics through LAMP-2-labeled endosomes 30% more frequently than the parent strain. This trafficking toward phagolysosomes may underlie the reduced replication and cytotoxicity of the mutant. The role of Rv3351c in trafficking and survival of M. tuberculosis bacilli through epithelial cells ultimately resulting in dissemination from the lungs may begin with modifications to the plasma membrane prior to attachment. Such a mechanism of activity suggests Rv3351c as a potential vaccine target to train the host immune system to bind and eliminate the protein before it modulates the alveolar epithelium.

Role of hyperglucagonemia in maintenance of increased rates of hepatic glucose output in type II diabetics

Diabetes ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Baron ◽  
L. Schaeffer ◽  
P. Shragg ◽  
O. G. Kolterman
Keyword(s):  
Type Ii ◽  
Hepatic Glucose Output ◽  
Hepatic Glucose ◽  
Type Ii Diabetics ◽  
Glucose Output

Role of lipid oxidation in pathogenesis of insulin resistance of obesity and type II diabetes

Diabetes ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1341-1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. P. Felber ◽  
E. Ferrannini ◽  
A. Golay ◽  
H. U. Meyer ◽  
D. Theibaud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Type Ii

scholarly journals cROStalk for Life: Uncovering ROS Signaling in Plants and Animal Systems, from Gametogenesis to Early Embryonic Development

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 525
Author(s):  
Valentina Lodde ◽  
Piero Morandini ◽  
Alex Costa ◽  
Irene Murgia ◽  
Ignacio Ezquer
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Science Field ◽  
Ros Signaling ◽  
Reproductive Processes

This review explores the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/Ca2+ in communication within reproductive structures in plants and animals. Many concepts have been described during the last years regarding how biosynthesis, generation products, antioxidant systems, and signal transduction involve ROS signaling, as well as its possible link with developmental processes and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we first addressed classic key concepts in ROS and Ca2+ signaling in plants, both at the subcellular, cellular, and organ level. In the plant science field, during the last decades, new techniques have facilitated the in vivo monitoring of ROS signaling cascades. We will describe these powerful techniques in plants and compare them to those existing in animals. Development of new analytical techniques will facilitate the understanding of ROS signaling and their signal transduction pathways in plants and mammals. Many among those signaling pathways already have been studied in animals; therefore, a specific effort should be made to integrate this knowledge into plant biology. We here discuss examples of how changes in the ROS and Ca2+ signaling pathways can affect differentiation processes in plants, focusing specifically on reproductive processes where the ROS and Ca2+ signaling pathways influence the gametophyte functioning, sexual reproduction, and embryo formation in plants and animals. The study field regarding the role of ROS and Ca2+ in signal transduction is evolving continuously, which is why we reviewed the recent literature and propose here the potential targets affecting ROS in reproductive processes. We discuss the opportunities to integrate comparative developmental studies and experimental approaches into studies on the role of ROS/ Ca2+ in both plant and animal developmental biology studies, to further elucidate these crucial signaling pathways.

scholarly journals The Role of NKT Cells in Glioblastoma

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1641
Author(s):  
Emily E. S. Brettschneider ◽  
Masaki Terabe
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Nkt Cells ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Central Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Nkt Cell ◽  
Lipid Antigens ◽  
Immunoregulatory Mechanisms

Glioblastoma is an aggressive and deadly cancer, but to date, immunotherapies have failed to make significant strides in improving prognoses for glioblastoma patients. One of the current challenges to developing immunological interventions for glioblastoma is our incomplete understanding of the numerous immunoregulatory mechanisms at play in the glioblastoma tumor microenvironment. We propose that Natural Killer T (NKT) cells, which are unconventional T lymphocytes that recognize lipid antigens presented by CD1d molecules, may play a key immunoregulatory role in glioblastoma. For example, evidence suggests that the activation of type I NKT cells can facilitate anti-glioblastoma immune responses. On the other hand, type II NKT cells are known to play an immunosuppressive role in other cancers, as well as to cross-regulate type I NKT cell activity, although their specific role in glioblastoma remains largely unclear. This review provides a summary of our current understanding of NKT cells in the immunoregulation of glioblastoma as well as highlights the involvement of NKT cells in other cancers and central nervous system diseases.

scholarly journals Dark matter candidates in a type-II radiative neutrino mass model

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto A. Lineros ◽  
Mathias Pierre
Keyword(s):  
Dark Matter ◽  
Neutral Particle ◽  
Matter Density ◽  
Indirect Detection ◽  
Dark Matter Candidate ◽  
Neutrino Masses ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Mass Model ◽  
Direct And Indirect Detection

Abstract We explore the connection between Dark Matter and neutrinos in a model inspired by radiative Type-II seessaw and scotogenic scenarios. In our model, we introduce new electroweakly charged states (scalars and a vector-like fermion) and impose a discrete ℤ2 symmetry. Neutrino masses are generated at the loop level and the lightest ℤ2-odd neutral particle is stable and it can play the role of a Dark Matter candidate. We perform a numerical analysis of the model showing that neutrino masses and flavour structure can be reproduced in addition to the correct dark matter density, with viable DM masses from 700 GeV to 30 TeV. We explore direct and indirect detection signatures and show interesting detection prospects by CTA, Darwin and KM3Net and highlight the complementarity between these observables.

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