Titanium Doped Barium Ferrite—A Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1323-1327
Author(s):  
B. Nagarjun ◽  
N. S. S. V. Raja Rao ◽  
Ch. Rajesh ◽  
Y. V. P. K. Raghava ◽  
V. Brahmajirao
Keyword(s):  
Barium Ferrite ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Spectroscopic Studies ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Phase Identification ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Related Information ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Ferrite Structure

In this paper synthesis of titanium doped barium ferrite (BaTixFe12–xO19) nanoparticles of hexagonal structure by employing sol-gel technique is reported. The composition was varied between x = 0.25 to 0.45. Structural analysis were carried out with the help of techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD) for phase identification, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphological studies, to identify the elemental composition energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) was performed and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for bonding related information. From X-ray analysis it was observed that initially, with increase in Ti concentration there was a decrease in lattice parameters and cell volume. However, at Ti concentration of 0.38, an increase in lattice parameter was observed and has been attributed to electron hopping mechanism. Morphological analysis (SEM) done on the samples reveal that the nanoparticles are spherical in shape. EDX was utilized for elemental analysis of the products. FTIR spectroscopic studies reveal prominent peaks around 470 and 540 cm−1 is attributed to formation of ferrite structure and also indicative that the reaction is complete. The obtained results were discussed in the light of the available literature.

scholarly journals Y3+ substituted Sr-hexaferrites: sol-gel synthesis, structural, magnetic and electrical characterization

Cerâmica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (374) ◽  
pp. 274-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. S. Satpute ◽  
S. R. Wadgane ◽  
S. R. Kadam ◽  
D. R. Mane ◽  
R. H. Kadam
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Electrical Characterization ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Strontium Hexaferrite ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Auto Combustion

Abstract Y3+ substituted strontium hexaferrites having chemical composition SrYxFe12-xO19 (x= 0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5) were successfully synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion method. The structural and morphological studies of prepared samples were investigated by using X-ray diffraction technique, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. The X-ray diffraction pattern confirmed the single-phase hexagonal structure of yttrium substituted strontium ferrite and the lattice parameters a and c increased with the substitution of Y3+ ions. The crystallite size also varied with x content from 60 to 80 nm. The morphology was studied by FE-SEM, and the grain size of nanoparticles ranged from 44 to 130 nm. The magnetic properties were investigated by using vibrating sample magnetometer. The value of saturation magnetization decreased from 49.60 to 35.40 emu/g. The dielectric constant decreased non-linearly whereas the electrical dc resistivity increased with the yttrium concentration in strontium hexaferrite.

Photoluminescence Enhancement of CdS Nanocrystals Fabricated on Dithiocarbamate Functionalized PET Substrates

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 1511-1515
Author(s):  
Chun Lin Zhao ◽  
Li Xing ◽  
Xiao Hong Liang ◽  
Jun Hui Xiang ◽  
Fu Shi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Room Temperature ◽  
Hexagonal Structure ◽  
Diffraction Measurement ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cds Nanocrystals ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Transmission Electron

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) nanocrystals (NCs) were self-assembled and in-situ immobilized on the dithiocarbamate (DTCs)-functionalized polyethylene glycol terephthalate (PET) substrates between the organic (carbon disulfide diffused in n-hexane) –aqueous (ethylenediamine and Cd2+ dissolved in water) interface at room temperature. Powder X-ray diffraction measurement revealed the hexagonal structure of CdS nanocrystals. Morphological studies performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) showed the island-like structure of CdS nanocrystals on PET substrates, as well as energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the stoichiometries of CdS nanocrystals. The optical properties of DTCs modified CdS nanocrystals were thoroughly investigated by ultraviolet-visible absorption spectroscopy (UV-vis) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The as-prepared DTCs present intrinsic hydrophobicity and strong affinity for CdS nanocrystals.

Annealing Effects on the Physical and Magnetic Properties of Tb1.5Y1.5Fe5O12 Films Nanoparticles Prepared by Sol-Gel Method

2013 ◽  
Vol 756 ◽  
pp. 91-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ftema W. Aldbea ◽  
Noor Bahyah Ibrahim ◽  
Mustafa Hj. Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Magnetic Properties ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Quartz Substrate ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Gel Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sol Gel Method ◽  
Iron Garnet

Terbium –substituted yttrium iron garnet (Tb1.5Y1.5Fe5O12) films nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a sol-gel method. The films were deposited on the quartz substrate using spin coating technique. To study effect of annealing temperature, the annealing process was executed at 700, 800 and 900 °C in air for 2 hours. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) proved that the pure phase of garnet structure was detected for the film annealed at 900 °C. The lattice parameter increased with the increment of annealing temperature and the highest value of 12.35 Å was obtained at 900 °C. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) results showed that the particle size increased from 43nm to 56nm as annealing temperature increased from 700 to 900°C. The film’s thickness also affected by increasing of annealing temperature and become thin at 900 °C due to densification process occurred at high annealing temperature. The elemental compositions of the Tb1.5Y1.5Fe5O12 film were detected using an Energy Dispersive X-raySpectroscopy (EDX). Magnetic properties at room temperature were measured using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM).The saturation magnetization Ms increased with the annealingtemperature and showed a high value of 104emu/cm3, but the coercivity Hc of the film was decreased due to the increment of the particle size. Normal 0 21 false false false MS X-NONE X-NONE MicrosoftInternetExplorer4 Terbium –substituted yttrium iron garnet (Tb1.5Y1.5Fe5O12) films nanoparticles were successfully prepared by a sol-gel method. The films were deposited on the quartz substrate using spin coating technique. To study effect of annealing temperature, the annealing process was executed at 700, 800 and 900°C in air for 2 hours. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) proved that the pure phase of garnet structure was detected for the film annealed at 900 °C. The lattice parameter increased with the increment of annealing temperature and the highest value of 12.35 Å was obtained at 900 °C. Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM) results showed that the particle size increased from 43nm to 56nm as annealing temperature increased from 700 to 900 °C. The film’s thickness also affected by increasing of annealing temperature and become thin at 900 °C due to densification process occurred at high annealing temperature. The elemental compositions of the Tb1.5Y1.5Fe5O12 film were detected using an Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX). Magnetic properties at room temperature were measured using a Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM).The saturation magnetization Ms increased with the annealing temperature and showed a high value of 104emu/cm3, but the coercivity Hc of the film was decreased due to the increment of the particle size. st1\:*{behavior:url(#ieooui) } /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-para-margin:0cm; mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;}

Synthesis and Characterization of CeO2 Doped ZrO2 Ceramics by a Simple Sol-Gel Route

2017 ◽  
Vol 907 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Ummuhanı Hilal Özer ◽  
Kerim Emre Öksüz ◽  
Ali Özer
Keyword(s):  
Tetragonal Phase ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Ceramic Powders ◽  
Zirconia Ceramics ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gel Technique

It is well known that sol-gel technique is a simple method to produce nano sized ceramic powders. In this study, cerium oxide doped zirconia samples, with 10 mol%-12mol% and14mol% CeO2, were synthesized by sol-gel technique and characterized. The surface morphology, elemental composition, microstructure, and phase analysis, of the sintered CeO2 doped ZrO2 ceramics were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDS) analysis, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) respectively. X-ray diffraction for samples sintered at 1550 °C for 4h revealed that the zirconia ceramics have a tetragonal phase structure. The addition of CeO2 can raise the content of the tetragonal phase, but the minor monoclinic phase exists even at the CeO2 content of 10 mol%. The effect of dopant concentration on the lattice parameter, average primary crystallite size and micro-strain was studied. Relative densities for CeO2 doped ZrO2 bulk ceramics varied between 95% and 99 %, depending on the CeO2 addition.

scholarly journals Enhancement of Photocatalytic Activity by Mg2+ Doped Ceria Quantum Dots

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Dots ◽  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Quantum Dot ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Doped Ceria ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gel Technique ◽  
Cubic Structure

The pure and Mg2+ doped CeO2 quantum dot were synthesized by sol-gel technique. The prepared quantum dots were characterized using X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), Scanning electron microscope (SEM-EDX). The XRD results show cubic structure of the CeO2 quantum dots. The crystalline size (D), microstrain (ε), dislocation density (δ) and lattice parameter (α) were calculated and analyzed. SEM-EDX analysis shows the morphology and the presence of elements. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized quantum dot was evaluated based on the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) by UV-Vis spectrometry.

scholarly journals Effect of Cu Substitution on Magnetic Properties of Co0.6Ni0.4Fe2O4 Nanoferrites

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1899-1906
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Spinel Structure ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Combustion Method ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Fesem Image ◽  
Absorption Bands ◽  
Cu Substitution ◽  
Ferrite Structure ◽  
Auto Combustion

This work is focusing on synthesizing the cobalt nanoferrite materials substituted by copper forming Co0.6Ni0.4-xCuxFe2O4 with x = 0.0, 0.1, and 0.3 using the sol-gel auto-combustion method. The phase analysis of XRD showed the spinel structure with the lattice parameter in the range 8.36-8.39 Å. FESEM image showed the grain size initially decreasing and then increasing with Cu concentration. The FTIR curve's two absorption bands in the specified range of frequency assured the spinel nano ferrite structure. The values of remanent ratios obtained from VSM showed their isotropic nature forming single domain ferrimagnetic particles.

scholarly journals Investigation on the Selenization Treatment of Kesterite Cu2Mg0.2Zn0.8Sn(S,Se)4 Films for Solar Cell

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyue Jiang ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
Yingrui Sui ◽  
Wenjie He ◽  
Zhanwu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Crystal Quality ◽  
Crystalline Quality ◽  
Soda Lime Glass ◽  
Soda Lime Glass Substrate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Selenization Temperature

High-selenium Cu2Mg0.2Zn0.8Sn(S,Se)4 (CMZTSSe) films were prepared on a soda lime glass substrate using the sol–gel spin coating method, followed by selenization treatment. In this work, we investigated the effects of selenization temperature and selenization time on the crystal quality, and electrical and optical properties of CMZTSSe films. The study on the micro-structure by XRD, Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis showed that all CMZTSSe samples had kesterite crystalline structure. In addition, the crystalline quality of CMZTSSe is improved and larger Se takes the site of S in CMZTSSe with the increase of selenization temperature and selenization time. When increasing the selenization temperature from 500 to 530 °C and increasing the annealing time from 10 to 15 min, the morphological studies showed that the microstructures of the films were dense and void-free. When further increasing the temperature and time, the crystalline quality of the films began to deteriorate. In addition, the bandgaps of CMZTSSe are tuned from 1.06 to 0.93 eV through adjusting the selenization conditions. When CMZTSSe samples are annealed at 530 °C for 15 min under Se atmosphere, the crystal quality and optical–electrical characteristics of CMZTSSe will be optimal, and the grain size and carrier concentration reach maximums of 1.5–2.5 μm and 6.47 × 1018 cm−3.

X-ray structure determination of the rare earth oxides (Er1−uGdu)2O3applying the Rietveld method

2002 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 577-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zein Heiba ◽  
Hasan Okuyucu ◽  
Y. S. Hascicek
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rietveld Method ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Average Crystallite Size ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gel Technique ◽  
Average Size

Nanosized polycrystalline samples of (Er1−uGdu)2O3(0 ≤u≤ 1.0) were synthesized by a sol–gel technique. X-ray diffraction data were collected and the crystal structures were refined by the Rietveld method. All samples are found to have the same crystal system and formed solid solutions over the whole range ofu. The Er3+and Gd3+ions were randomly distributed over two cationic sites, 8band 24d, in the space groupIa\bar{3} (206) in all refined structures. The lattice parameter was found to vary non-linearly with the composition (u). The average microstrain and average crystallite size have been calculated from the Williamson–Hall plots for each sample. The average size ranges from 50 to 70 nm, and the microstrain from 0.4 to 1.7%.

ENHANCED MAGNETIZATION IN COBALT SUBSTITUTED Ni–Zn NANOFERRITES

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (04n05) ◽  
pp. 571-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. CHAITANYA VARMA ◽  
A. MAHESH KUMAR ◽  
K. H. RAO
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Chelating Agent ◽  
Lattice Parameter ◽  
Line Broadening ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chemical Methods ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Nickel Zinc

Cobalt substituted nickel zinc ferrite nanoparticles ( Ni 0.65–x Co x Zn 0.35 Fe 2.0 O 4) X varying from 0.0 to 0.65 in steps of 0.15 have been produced using sol–gel method, with PVA as chelating agent. The phase formation of the sintered ferrite was confirmed by X-ray diffraction studies. The lattice parameter a(A°) has been calculated using Nelson–Riley method. The crystallite size has been estimated by the Williamson–Hall method using the full width at half-maximum (FWHM) of the line broadening of all the peaks. Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS) of the samples showed the clear presence of two sextets and distribution of iron over the two sites has been given. Increase in saturation magnetization with cobalt concentration with a slight decrease for x = 0.15 has been observed with the vibrating sample magnetometry study. The observed value of magnetization for Ni0.65Zn0.35Fe2O4 with a particle size of 43.5 nm has been 71 emu/gm at room temperature, which is higher than that reported for samples prepared using chemical methods of the same composition. The results have been explained on the basis of the particle size and cation distribution among various sites.

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