Artificial Measures Are Not Necessarily Better Than Natural Recovery for the Extremely Degraded Alpine Meadow: The Results of Simulated Degradation Restoration After Three Years

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-230
Author(s):  
Liuyan Tang ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Zhen’an Yang
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Natural Recovery ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Natural Treatment ◽  
Artificial Restoration ◽  
Better Than

Natural and artificial restoration measures are widely used to restore degraded ecosystems, such as degraded alpine meadow. The objective of this research was to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of natural and artificial measures for extremely degraded alpine meadows. We removed the surface soil (0–10 cm) of the alpine meadow to simulate the extremely degraded “black soil beach,” and set artificial measures (planting Festuca sinensis (E) and Elymus sibircus L. cv. chuan-cao No. 1 (F)) and natural recovery (N) (without any artificial auxiliary measures) in the northeastern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP), China. After 3 years, we determined the characteristics of community and soil in the artificial and natural treatment. The results show that the species number, above-and below-ground biomass (AB, BB), root-shoot ratio (R/S) in N is significantly higher than that in artificial restoration (E and F); while the community coverage and concentration of soil total carbon, total nitrogen, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen and microbial biomass phosphorus (TC, TN, MBC, MBN and MBP) in artificial restoration is significantly higher than that in N. In conclusion, compared with N, artificial measures (E and F) are not completely beneficial to the development of plant community diversity and the restoration of soil nutrients in the extremely degraded meadow. Thus, the establishment of artificial grassland is not necessarily better than natural recovery for the extremely degraded alpine meadow.

scholarly journals Seasonal and interannual dynamics of soil microbial biomass and available nitrogen in an alpine meadow in the eastern part of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 567-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Xu ◽  
Jinniu Wang ◽  
Ning Wu ◽  
Yan Wu ◽  
Fusun Shi
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Nutrient Supply ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Available N ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Seasonal And Interannual Dynamics ◽  
Interannual Dynamics ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽  
N Pool

Abstract. Soil microbial activity varies seasonally in frozen alpine soils during cold seasons and plays a crucial role in available N pool accumulation in soil. The intra- and interannual patterns of microbial and nutrient dynamics reflect the influences of changing weather factors, and thus provide important insights into the biogeochemical cycles and ecological functions of ecosystems. We documented the seasonal and interannual dynamics of soil microbial and available N in an alpine meadow in the eastern part of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau, China, between April 2011 and October 2013. Soil was collected in the middle of each month and analyzed for water content, microbial biomass C (MBC) and N (MBN), dissolved organic C and N, and inorganic N. Soil microbial community composition was measured by the dilution-plate method. Fungi and actinomycetes dominated the microbial community during the nongrowing seasons, and the proportion of bacteria increased considerably during the early growing seasons. Trends of consistently increasing MBC and available N pools were observed during the nongrowing seasons. MBC sharply declined during soil thaw and was accompanied by a peak in available N pool. Induced by changes in soil temperatures, significant shifts in the structures and functions of microbial communities were observed during the winter–spring transition and largely contributed to microbial reduction. The divergent seasonal dynamics of different N forms showed a complementary nutrient supply pattern during the growing season. Similarities between the interannual dynamics of microbial biomass and available N pools were observed, and soil temperature and water conditions were the primary environmental factors driving interannual fluctuations. Owing to the changes in climate, seasonal soil microbial activities and nutrient supply patterns are expected to change further, and these changes may have crucial implications for the productivity and biodiversity of alpine ecosystems.

Response of carbon utilization and enzymatic activities to nitrogen deposition in three forests of subtropical China

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 394-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Sheng Wang ◽  
Shu-Lan Cheng ◽  
Gui-Rui Yu ◽  
Hua-Jun Fang ◽  
Jiang-Ming Mo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Soil Enzyme ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
N Addition ◽  
Soil Enzyme Activities ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Microbial

Nitrogen (N) deposition has been shown to affect soil carbon (C) and N cycling in subtropical forests; however, the underlying microbial mechanisms are poorly understood. We used patterns of community-level physiological profiles and enzyme activities to assess the relative effects of the addition of four N levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg·ha−1·year−1) on the soil microbial community in three forest stands (pine, mixed, and broadleaf forests) in southern China, where the forests have been experimentally manipulated for over 8 years. In pine forests, N50 addition significantly increased microbial biomass carbon (MBC) concentration but decreased soil pH levels. N100 addition significantly increased soil peroxidase activity but decreased soil β-1,4-glucosidase activity. In broadleaf forests, N addition increased soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentration and polyphenol oxidase activity but decreased soil MBC concentration and soil pH levels. N addition also significantly increased soil microbial metabolism activity (expressed as average well color development) in pine forest and broadleaf forest soils. However, the mixed forests responded slowly to N additions and exhibited no significant response of C-utilization profiles and soil enzyme activities. Principal component analysis of C-utilization data separated microbial communities with respect to N addition and forest successional stage. In addition, microbial C utilization was driven by soil pH levels. Although enzyme activities were correlated with soil MBC and microbial biomass nitrogen concentrations, stepwise regression results indicated that soil total carbon contents that were integrated with soil pH levels were key integrators of soil enzyme activities. Our results suggest that soil acidification due to N addition increased soil bacterial C utilization and enzyme activities.

scholarly journals Distinguishing Stoichiometric Homeostasis of Soil Microbial Biomass in Alpine Grassland Ecosystems: Evidence From 5,000 km Belt Transect Across Qinghai–Tibet Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihui Fan ◽  
Tianyuan Liu ◽  
Ying Liao ◽  
Yiying Li ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Soil Microbial Biomass ◽  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Alpine Grassland ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Soil C ◽  
Soil Microbial ◽  
Alpine Steppe ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau

The biogeographic characteristics of soil microbial biomass stoichiometry homeostasis and also its mechanisms are commonly thought to be key factors for the survival strategies and resource utilization of soil microbes under extreme habitat. In this work, we conducted a 5,000-km transect filed survey in alpine grassland across Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in 2015 to measure soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) across alpine steppe and meadow. Based on the differences of climate and soil conditions between alpine steppe and meadow, the variation coefficient was calculated to investigate the homeostatic degree of MBC to MBN. Furthermore, the “trade-off” model was utilized to deeply distinguish the homeostasis degree of MBC/MBN between alpine steppe and meadow, and the regression analysis was used to explore the variability of trade-off in response to environmental factors in the alpine grassland. The results showed that the coefficient of variation (CV) of MBC/MBN in alpine meadow (CV = 0.4) was lower than alpine steppe (CV = 0.7). According to the trade-off model, microbial turnover activity of soil N relative to soil C increased rapidly and then decreased slightly with soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (STN), and soil water content across alpine meadow. Nevertheless, in alpine steppe, SOC/STN had a positive effect on microbial turnover of soil N. These results suggested that water, heat, and soil nutrients availability were the key factors affecting the C:N stoichiometry homeostasis of soil microbial biomass in Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP)’s alpine grassland. Since the difference of survival strategy of the trade-off demands between soil C and N resulting in different patterns and mechanism, the stoichiometry homeostasis of soil microbial biomass was more stable in alpine meadow than in alpine steppe.

Influence of long-term fertilization on soil microbial biomass and dehydrogenase activity in relation to crop productivity in an acid Inceptisols

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-311
Author(s):  
Debasis Purohit ◽  
Mitali Mandal ◽  
Avisek Dash ◽  
Kumbha Karna Rout ◽  
Narayan Panda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Biomass ◽  
Dehydrogenase Activity ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Microbial Biomass Nitrogen ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Initiation Stage ◽  
The Impact

An effective approach for improving nutrient use efficiency and crop productivity simultaneously through exploitation of biological potential for efficient acquisition and utilization of nutrients by crops is very much needed in this current era. Thus, an attempt is made here to investigate the impact of long term fertilization in the soil ecology in rice-rice cropping system in post kharif - 2015 in flooded tropical rice (Oryza sativa L.) in an acidic sandy soil. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design with quadruplicated treatments. Soil samples at different growth stages of rice were collected from long term fertilizer experiment.The studied long-term manured treatments included 100 % N, 100% NP, 100 % NPK, 150 % NPK and 100 % NPK+FYM (5 t ha-1) and an unmanured control. Soil fertility status like SOC content and other available nutrient content has decreased continuously towards the crop growth period. Comparing the results of different treatments, it was found that the application of 100% NPK + FYM exhibited highest nutrient content in soils. With regards to microbial properties it was also observed that the amount of microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and microbial biomass nitrogen ( MBN) showed highest accumulation in 100 % NPK + FYM at maximum tillering stage of the rice. The results further reveal that dehydrogenase activity was maximum at panicle initiation stage and thereafter it decreases. Soil organic carbon content, MBC, MBN and dehydrogenase activity were significantly correlated with each other. Significant correlations were observed between rice yield and MBC at maturity stage( R2 = 0.94**) and panicle initiation stage( R2 = 0.92**) and available nitrogen content at maturity stage( R2 = 0.91**).

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Differences in Alpine Meadow, Alpine Steppe and All Vegetation of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and Their Responses to Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 669
Author(s):  
Hanchen Duan ◽  
Xian Xue ◽  
Tao Wang ◽  
Wenping Kang ◽  
Jie Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Alpine Meadow ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Vegetation Types ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Alpine Steppe ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽  
Variation Trends

Alpine meadow and alpine steppe are the two most widely distributed nonzonal vegetation types in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. In the context of global climate change, the differences in spatial-temporal variation trends and their responses to climate change are discussed. It is of great significance to reveal the response of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau to global climate change and the construction of ecological security barriers. This study takes alpine meadow, alpine steppe and the overall vegetation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as the research objects. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data and meteorological data were used as the data sources between 2000 and 2018. By using the mean value method, threshold method, trend analysis method and correlation analysis method, the spatial and temporal variation trends in the alpine meadow, alpine steppe and the overall vegetation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau were compared and analyzed, and their differences in the responses to climate change were discussed. The results showed the following: (1) The growing season length of alpine meadow was 145~289 d, while that of alpine steppe and the overall vegetation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was 161~273 d, and their growing season lengths were significantly shorter than that of alpine meadow. (2) The annual variation trends of the growing season NDVI for the alpine meadow, alpine steppe and the overall vegetation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau increased obviously, but their fluctuation range and change rate were significantly different. (3) The overall vegetation improvement in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau was primarily dominated by alpine steppe and alpine meadow, while the degradation was primarily dominated by alpine meadow. (4) The responses between the growing season NDVI and climatic factors in the alpine meadow, alpine steppe and the overall vegetation of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau had great spatial heterogeneity in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. These findings provide evidence towards understanding the characteristics of the different vegetation types in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their spatial differences in response to climate change.

scholarly journals Evaluation of IMERG Level-3 Products in Depicting the July to October Rainfall over Taiwan: Typhoon Versus Non-Typhoon

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 622
Author(s):  
Wan-Ru Huang ◽  
Pin-Yi Liu ◽  
Ya-Hui Chang ◽  
Cheng-An Lee
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Rain Gauge ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Typhoon Season ◽  
Early Late ◽  
Better Than

This study assesses the performance of satellite precipitation products (SPPs) from the latest version, V06B, Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for Global Precipitation Mission (IMERG) Level-3 (including early, late, and final runs), in depicting the characteristics of typhoon season (July to October) rainfall over Taiwan within the period of 2000–2018. The early and late runs are near-real-time SPPs, while final run is post-real-time SPP adjusted by monthly rain gauge data. The latency of early, late, and final runs is approximately 4 h, 14 h, and 3.5 months, respectively, after the observation. Analyses focus on the seasonal mean, daily variation, and interannual variation of typhoon-related (TC) and non-typhoon-related (non-TC) rainfall. Using local rain-gauge observations as a reference for evaluation, our results show that all IMERG products capture the spatio-temporal variations of TC rainfall better than those of non-TC rainfall. Among SPPs, the final run performs better than the late run, which is slightly better than the early run for most of the features assessed for both TC and non-TC rainfall. Despite these differences, all IMERG products outperform the frequently used Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission 3B42 v7 (TRMM7) for the illustration of the spatio-temporal characteristics of TC rainfall in Taiwan. In contrast, for the non-TC rainfall, the final run performs notably better relative to TRMM7, while the early and late runs showed only slight improvement. These findings highlight the advantages and disadvantages of using IMERG products for studying or monitoring typhoon season rainfall in Taiwan.

Current CITE-ings from the popular and trade computing press: telework and telecommuting

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Kesselman
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Virtual Reference ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Better Than

Purpose – This article examines Current CITE-ings from the Popular and Trade Computing Press, Telework and Telecommuting Design/methodology/approach – The methodology adopted is a literature review. Findings – Readily available technologies now allow librarians to perform most of their work-offsite. Some traditional building-based services such as reference, have been taken over by virtual reference and now even instruction offers options on par with or even better than classroombased questions such as a webinar that can be viewed and reviewed at any time or by having librarians embedded into various courseware packages. Researchlimitations/implications – Librarians no longer need be limited to a single library; groups of subject librarians can work together in the cloud to provide services to multiple universities. Originality/value – This article collates some articles from the non-library literature that mayprovide some ideas and review advantages and disadvantages for both the library and employee

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