A Systematic Review of the Tensile Strength of Surgical Sutures

Suturing the wound provides temporary mechanical support enabling natural tissue healing. Understanding the inherent material properties of the suture materials facilitates clinical adjustments in the rate of degradation to ensure proper wound healing. This review aimed to summarize the analysis of the factors that contribute to the tensile strength of surgical sutures and the implications of these factors in wound healing. Our initial search criteria used keywords Tensile or Strength or suture material and returned 494 potentially related articles, these were narrowed to just seven key articles pertaining to the analysis of the primary outcome variable which are reviewed in detail here. The physical properties of these materials are substantially affected by the biological conditions of the model system during the period of analysis. Nevertheless, under in vivo conditions decisions on suture materials should take comorbidities like dietary habits, smoking, oral hygiene maintenance into account as they can all have a significant impact on the prevailing physiological conditions at the wound site.

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Surgical Suture Assembled with Tadalafil/Polycaprolactone Drug-Delivery for Vascular Stimulation Around Wound: Validated in a Preclinical Model

Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry ◽

10.33263/briac105.63176327 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (5) ◽

pp. 6317-6327 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Drug Release ◽

Study Groups ◽

Preclinical Model ◽

Surgical Suture ◽

Electrospinning Method ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽

Improve Wound Healing

In this study, a novel Polycaprolactone suture assembled with Tadalafil was investigated to improve wound healing processes via vascular stimulation. Tadalafil/Polycaprolactone (TP) suture was developed by the electrospinning method. The designed suture was characterized by SEM, mechanical properties assessments, tensile strength measurements and the drug release study. For in vivo tests, rats were classified into two study groups. An incision was made on their back skin and they were sutured with TP suture and Polycaprolactone suture as control. Rats were sacrificed at 7 days following surgery for histopathological examinations with Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. Results of Tensile test demonstrated that the lowest tensile strength belonged to 3 and 4 % wt and the highest tensile strength belonged to 1 and 2 % wt of TP suture. The rate of Tadalafil release showed that the highest drug release was related to 3 and 4% wt which were about 125 to 210 μg during 15 days. The histopathology revealed that the number of blood vessels, collagen fibers, fibroblast, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, and epithelization was remarkable in Tadalafil/Polycaprolactone group during 7-day. A novel Tadalafil/Polycaprolactone suture improved the processes of wound healing by releasing the Tadalafil drug around the sutured wound and can be used in medical applications.

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Development of a Novel Polymer-Based mRNA Coating for Surgical Suture to Enhance Wound Healing

Coatings ◽

10.3390/coatings9060374 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 374

Author(s):

Antonia Link ◽

Hanna Haag ◽

Tatjana Michel ◽

Markus Denzinger ◽

Hans Peter Wendel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Population Aging ◽

Keratinocyte Growth Factor ◽

Functional Protein ◽

Wound Area ◽

Surgical Suture ◽

Surgical Sutures ◽

Rising Incidence ◽

Complete Wound Healing

A therapeutic strategy to improve wound healing has become an increasingly important medical task due to the rising incidence of adiposity and type II diabetes as well as the proceeding population aging. In order to cope with the resulting burdens, new strategies to achieve rapid and complete wound healing must now be developed. Accordingly, the development of a bioactive wound dressing in the form of a messengerRNA (mRNA)-bearing poly(lactide-co-glycolide acid) (PLGA) coating on surgical suture is being pushed further with this study. Furthermore, the evaluation of the polymer-based transfection reagent Viromer RED has shown that it can be used for the transfection of eukaryotic cells: The mRNA gets properly complexed and translated into a functional protein. In addition, the mRNA-PLGA coating triggered the expression of the keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) in HaCat cells although KGF is not expressed under physiological conditions. Moreover, transfection via surgical sutures coated with mRNA does not affect the cell viability and a proinflammatory reaction in the transfected cells is not induced. These properties make the mRNA-PLGA coating very attractive for the in vivo application. For the future, this could mean that through the use of mRNA-coated sutures in surgical wound closure, cells in the wound area can be transfected directly, thus accelerating and improving wound healing.

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Physically Crosslinked Chitosan/PVA Hydrogels Containing Honey and Allantoin with Long-Term Biocompatibility for Skin Wound Repair: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study

Journal of Functional Biomaterials ◽

10.3390/jfb12040061 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 61

Author(s):

Mojtaba Koosha ◽

Hadis Aalipour ◽

Mohammad Javad Sarraf Shirazi ◽

Ali Jebali ◽

Hong Chi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Wound Repair ◽

Dermal Fibroblast ◽

Normal Human Dermal Fibroblast ◽

Gel Content ◽

Freeze Thaw

Chitosan/PVA hydrogel films crosslinked by the freeze–thaw method and containing honey and allantoin were prepared for application as wound dressing materials. The effects of the freeze–thaw process and the addition of honey and allantoin on the swelling, the gel content and the mechanical properties of the samples were evaluated. The physicochemical properties of the samples, with and without the freeze–thaw process, were compared using FTIR, DSC and XRD. The results showed that the freeze–thaw process can increase the crystallinity and thermal stability of chitosan/PVA films. The freeze–thaw process increased the gel content but did not have a significant effect on the tensile strength. The presence of honey reduced the swelling and the tensile strength of the hydrogels due to hydrogen bonding interactions with PVA and chitosan chains. Long-term cell culture experiments using normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells showed that the hydrogels maintained their biocompatibility, and the cells showed extended morphology on the surface of the hydrogels for more than 30 days. The presence of honey significantly increased the biocompatibility of the hydrogels. The release of allantoin from the hydrogel was studied and, according to the Korsmeyer–Peppas and Weibull models, the mechanism was mainly diffusional. The results for the antimicrobial activity against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria showed that the allantoin-containing samples had a more remarkable antibacterial activity against S. aureus. According to the wound healing experiments, 98% of the wound area treated by the chitosan/PVA/honey hydrogel was closed, compared to 89% for the control. The results of this study suggest that the freeze–thaw process is a non-toxic crosslinking method for the preparation of chitosan/PVA hydrogels with long term biocompatibility that can be applied for wound healing and skin tissue engineering.

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Practices in Wound Healing Studies of Plants

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2011/438056 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Author(s):

Rupesh Thakur ◽

Nitika Jain ◽

Raghvendra Pathak ◽

Sardul Singh Sandhu

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Herbal Extract ◽

Herbal Extracts ◽

Stepping Stones ◽

Burn Wound ◽

Tissue Healing ◽

Healing Of Wounds ◽

Treatment Of Wounds

Wounds are the result of injuries to the skin that disrupt the other soft tissue. Healing of a wound is a complex and protracted process of tissue repair and remodeling in response to injury. Various plant products have been used in treatment of wounds over the years. Wound healing herbal extracts promote blood clotting, fight infection, and accelerate the healing of wounds. Phytoconstituents derived from plants need to be identified and screened for antimicrobial activity for management of wounds. Thein vitroassays are useful, quick, and relatively inexpensive. Small animals provide a multitude of model choices for various human wound conditions. The study must be conducted after obtaining approval of the Ethics Committee and according to the guidelines for care and use of animals. The prepared formulations of herbal extract can be evaluated by various physicopharmaceutical parameters. The wound healing efficacies of various herbal extracts have been evaluated in excision, incision, dead space, and burn wound models.In vitroandin vivoassays are stepping stones to well-controlled clinical trials of herbal extracts.

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Sex-dependent Regeneration Patterns in Mouse Submandibular Glands

Journal of Histochemistry & Cytochemistry ◽

10.1369/0022155420922948 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 68 (5) ◽

pp. 305-318

Author(s):

Callie T. Brown ◽

Kihoon Nam ◽

Yue Zhang ◽

Yuqing Qiu ◽

Spencer M. Dean ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Macrophage Polarization ◽

Male And Female ◽

Collagen Formation ◽

Female Mice ◽

Tissue Organization ◽

Tissue Healing ◽

Well Differentiated ◽

Convoluted Tubules

Our previous studies indicated that YIGSR-A99 peptides chemically conjugated to fibrin hydrogel (FH) and applied to wounded submandibular gland (SMG) in vivo, formed new organized salivary tissue, whereas wounded SMG treated with FH alone or in the absence of a scaffold showed disorganized collagen formation and poor tissue healing. While these studies indicated that damaged SMG grow and differentiate when treated with FH containing L1 peptide, they were performed only in female mice. However, there is a well-established sexual dimorphism present in mouse SMG (e.g., males develop well-differentiated granular convoluted tubules, but these structures are poorly developed in females) and little is known about how these sex differences influence wound healing events. Therefore, the goal of this study was to conduct comparative analyses of regeneration patterns in male and female mice using L1p-FH in a wounded SMG mouse model. Particularly, we focused on sex-dependent wound healing events such as macrophage polarization, vascularization, tissue organization, and collagen deposition, and how these events affect salivary gland functioning:

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Changes in Tensile Strength and Knot Security of Surgical Sutures in Vivo

Archives of Surgery ◽

10.1001/archsurg.1973.01350170071018 ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 106 (5) ◽

pp. 707 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

John B. Herrmann

Keyword(s):

Tensile Strength ◽

Surgical Sutures ◽

Knot Security

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Novel Anti-Inflammatory and Wound Healing Controlled Released LDH-Curcumin Nanocomposite Via Intramuscular Implantation, In-Vivo Study

Austin Journal of Pharmacology and Therapeutics ◽

10.26420/austinjpharmacolther.2021.1145 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Mahmoud R ◽

◽

Safwat N ◽

Fathy M ◽

Mohamed N ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Tensile Strength ◽

Drug Release ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Bet Surface Area ◽

Diffraction Field ◽

Tissue Integration ◽

Good Healing ◽

Anti Inflammatory

One of the most common problems in wounds is delayed healing and complications such as infection. Therefore, the need for novel materials accelerates the healing of wounds especially abdominal wounds after surgery besides high efficiency and safety is mandatory. The rate of wound healing, anti-inflammatory and biocompatibility of Zn-Al LDH alone and loaded with Curcumin was screened via in-vivo assays through intramuscular implantation in rat abdominal wall with intact peritoneum cavity. The implanted drugs were formed through Curcumin loaded into LDH of Zn-Al with drug release of 56.78 ±1.51% within 24 h. The synthesized nanocomposite was characterized by thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, Field emission scanning microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscope and BET surface area. The integrity of blood circulation, inflammatory signs, wound healing rate, capacity of tissue integration, antigenicity and composite biocompatibility, auto fluorescence ability of collagen bundles and the tensile strength of the muscle were assessed histopathologically after 7 and 30 days post-implantation. Excellent wound healing ability was achieved with shortest length between the wound gap edges and higher tensile strength of the muscle. Besides emit florescence very well followed by good healing and tensile muscles strength in Curcumin while very low strength with scar formation in Curcumin-Zn/Al-LDH in both acute and chronic wound. No signs of inflammation in Curcumin & Zn-Al LDH. No vessels obstruction or bleeding observed in both Zn/Al-LDH and Curcumin more than nanocurcumin and control which examined through candling. Good healing & infiltrated immune cells in same groups through histopathological examination. This work supports the anti-inflammatory, wound healing and biocompatibility of both LDH and Curcumin with living matter, increasing their biomedical applications in this era with safety and increasing efficacy with prolonged drug release.

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