Oxide Nanobelts and Nanowires—Growth, Properties and Applications

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Lin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Photon Detectors ◽  
Nanowires Growth ◽  
Growth Properties ◽  
Growth Method ◽  
Vls Growth ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Nanowires (NWs) and nanobelts (NBs) are diverse classes of one-dimensional nanoscale materials with controllable size, composition, structure and corresponding physical and chemical properties. This article reviews the novel growth phenomena, unique properties and exciting applications of oxide NWs and NBs. First, the article gives a general introduction about the vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth method. Second, the growth of oxide NBs using a vapor-solid (VS) process has been demonstrated. Third, using ZnO as an example, polar-surface dominated growth phenomena, such as the formation of single-crystal nanoring, nanospring and nanohelix, are comprehensively described. Then, novel techniques developed for characterizing the mechanical, electrical, thermal and optical properties of NWs and NBs are illustrated. Finally, some exciting applications in areas such as sensors, photon detectors and nanogenerators are presented. In concluding, the challenges and prospects for the future are discussed.

Methods of Forecasting Wear Resistance of Cutting Tools Based on the Properties of their Materials

2014 ◽  
Vol 682 ◽  
pp. 491-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladislav Bibik ◽  
Elena Petrova
Keyword(s):  
Tool Life ◽  
Metal Cutting ◽  
Cutting Tool ◽  
Cutting Tools ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Tool Material ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Metal Cutting Tool ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Thermo Physical Properties

The author considers methods of forecasting metal-cutting tool life based on characteristics of cutting tool material. These characteristics depend on differences in numerical values of physical and chemical properties of tool material due to changes in its composition, structure, and production process variables. The described methods allow obtaining the information necessary for forecasting the tool life beyond the process of cutting, for example at the stage of cutting tool manufacturing. The author suggests using the method of registration of thermo-physical properties of the tool material as a promising forecasting technique.

Novel β- Cyclodextrin Functional Monomers and its Application for Molecularly Imprinted Polymers

2015 ◽  
Vol 1101 ◽  
pp. 256-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Feng ◽  
Zhi Min Liu ◽  
Zhi Gang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Molecularly Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Molecularly Imprinted ◽  
Functional Monomers ◽  
Imprinted Polymers ◽  
Cavity Structure ◽  
Recognition Ability ◽  
Physical And Chemical

β-Cyclodextrin shows good molecular recognition ability for its unique physical and chemical properties and suitable cavity structure. The selective recognition can be further improved if β-cyclodextrin combines with molecularly imprinted technique. In this paper, the novel β-cyclodextrin functional monomers were introduced. And the preparation and application of molecularly imprinted polymers based on β-cyclodextrin functional monomers were reviewed. The development trend of β-cyclodextrin molecularly imprinted polymers were also prospected.

scholarly journals Soil environment of Pulsatilla vernalis (L.) Mill. at selected sites in the Polish lowland

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 267-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Grzyl ◽  
Arkadiusz Niewiadomski ◽  
Beata Woziwoda
Keyword(s):  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Size Composition ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Ecological Indicator ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Species Preferences ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Habitat Parameters ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The paper presents soil conditions of <em>Pulsatilla vernalis</em> in the Polish lowland. There were determined species preferences in relation to physical and chemical properties, grain size composition and the type of soil. It has been found that <em>P. vernalis</em> prefers very poor sandy, acid, dry and permeable soils, with small water capacity. The range of habitat parameters at the lowland sites differs, however, from the conditions at the mountain sites. Due to specific habitats of the species, new ecological indicator values were proposed for the lowland sites of <em>P. vernalis</em>. The results of soil analysis presented in this paper, as well as other data related to biology of the species, should be accounted for in the active protection plan, including the processes of reintroduction and introduction of the species.

Adsorption of Pollutants from Water with Carbon Nanotubes

2013 ◽  
Vol 634-638 ◽  
pp. 192-197
Author(s):  
Jiang Yan Li ◽  
Ying Xiang Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Inorganic Pollutants ◽  
Adsorption Performance ◽  
Environmental Material ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Structure Of Carbon Nanotubes

The unique morphology and structure of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) keep attracting a great number of researchers to explore the novel properties of these materials. The special structure of CNTs determines its physical and chemical properties, mainly reflected in its novel electrical, mechanical properties and excellent adsorption performance. This review summarizes the adsorption properties of CNTs and their properties related to the adsorption of various heavy metal ions, organic and inorganic pollutants from large volumes of aqueous solutions. CNTs is a kind of potential environmental material. This article also put forward future opportunities for CNTs application in environmental systems.

The application of bio-nanotechnology in tumor diagnosis and treatment: a view

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingyuan Li ◽  
Min Yao ◽  
Yixiang Shao ◽  
Dengfu Yao
Keyword(s):  
New Technology ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Accurate Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Targeting Therapy ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract Nanotechnology is a new technology for observing and manipulating atoms and molecules in the range of 0.1–100 nm. The development of nanotechnology provides a new way for biomedicine. Based on the unique physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials, the novel biosensor based on bio-nanotechnology can be used for early diagnosis and therapy of tumors. Nowadays, the application of nanomedicine is mainly focused on the following points: tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, the accurate diagnosis and real-time monitoring of the disease, novel imaging and analysis techniques, and multifunctional drug delivery system and targeting therapy. Nanotechnology will provide effective means for accurate diagnosis and treatment of cancer. This article reviews the new progress of nanotechnology in cancer diagnosis and treatment.

CERAMICS BASED ON ORGANOSILICON POLYMERS-PRECURSORS: METHODS OF PREPARATION AND PROPERTIES (review)

2020 ◽  
pp. 76-92
Author(s):  
A.M. Shestakov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Process Parameters ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Structure And Properties ◽  
Influence Of Process Parameters ◽  
Preceramic Polymers ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties ◽  
Organosilicon Polymers

The main types of preceramic organosilicon polymers, general methods of their synthesis and physical, and chemical properties are considered. Methods of shaping, curing and pyrolysis of polymers and the influence of process parameters on the composition, structure and properties of ceramics are described. Separately, the work considers modifying fillers for preceramic polymers, the goals and methods of their introduction into the polymer, the features of processing the compositions and the properties of the products obtained.

scholarly journals Mūrējumu korozija apkārtējās vides ietekmē

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 190-201
Author(s):  
Margarita Karpe ◽  
Inta Kiriloviča ◽  
Inta Vītiņa ◽  
Laimons Timma
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Chemical Corrosion ◽  
Historical Materials ◽  
Stone Materials ◽  
Technical University ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Būvniecībā kopš seniem laikiem izmanto neorganiskās saistvielas. Materiāli kultūrvēsturiskajos un mākslas pieminekļos pastāvīgi tiek pakļauti struktūras sairšanas procesiem, kurus paātrina arvien pieaugošais vides piesārņojums. Autotransporta dūmgāzes gaisā izdala NxOy, SO2, CO un CO2, kas saistās ar gaisa mitrumu un veido skābos lietus. Tie kopā ar putekļiem un sodrējiem nonāk uz mūrējumu virsmas, veidojot blīvu slāni. Rezultātā sākas ķīmiski korozijas procesi, veidojoties ūdenī šķīstošiem sāļiem (visbiežāk – nātrija, kālija, kalcija un magnija sulfāti). Atmosfēras mitruma svārstību un žūšanas procesu rezultātā šie sāļi kristalizējas un izraisa mūrējuma sairšanu, ko veicina bioloģiskā un fizikālā korozija.Pirmie pētījumi par mūrējumu un dabīgo akmens materiālu  koroziju  Latvijā  sākti 1984. g. RTU Silikātu tehnoloģijas katedrā. 1995. g. RTU Silikātu materiālu institūtā tika nodibināts Akmens materiālu konservācijas un restaurācijas centrs (AMKRC). Tā darbības pamatā ir kultūrvēsturisko pieminekļu zinātniskā analīze – korodējošo materiālu sastāva, struktūras, fizikālo un mehānisko īpašību izpēte.In restoration of the masonry, it is important to maintain its original composition and appearance by matching historical materials with appropriate material which is consistent both visually and in accordance with physical and chemical properties. Materials of historic-cultural and artistic monuments are constantly exposed to disintegration processes which are accelerated by ever- increasing environmental pollution (NxOy, SO2, CO and CO2). This environmental pollution reacts with moisture from air and causes acid rain. As a result, water- soluble salts (most commonly sodium, potassium and magnesium sulphates, and gypsum) are formed, causing the chemical corrosion of the masonry, which can cause its disintegration.The earliest research on corrosion of  masonry and  of  natural stone  materials  in Latvia was conducted in 1984 at the Department of Silicate Technologies, Riga Technical University. In 1995 the Center for Conservation and Restoration of Stone Materials was established at the Institute of Silicate Materials, Riga Technical University. Research by the Center includes scientific analyses of cultural-historical monuments – the study of the composition, structure, physical, and mechanical properties of corroding materials.

New windows on earth and planetary interiors

2002 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 791-811 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Hemley ◽  
H. K. Mao
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Volatile Component ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Terrestrial Planet ◽  
Planetary Interiors ◽  
Molecular Systems ◽  
New Findings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Composition Structure ◽  
Physical And Chemical

AbstractRecent diamond-anvil cell experiments are providing windows of unprecedented clarity on the interiors of the Earth, other planets, and their moons from high P-T studies of the materials that comprise these bodies. With recent advances in techniques, the component minerals can be examined with a growing array of in situ methods over an expanding range of conditions that extend to hundreds of gigaspascals in pressure and thousands of degrees in temperature. Such investigations reveal that major, if not profound, changes in physical and chemical properties of these materials occur with depth. This information is crucial for understanding the materials basis of regional to global structure and processes documented by a wealth of recent observational and geophysical data. This paper reviews selected recent studies of major planet-forming minerals, focusing on key examples that illustrate different microscopic origins of macroscopic behaviour. This comparative mineralogical approach provides insight into phenomena occurring over a wide range of length scales. For terrestrial planets, the high-pressure behaviour of representative silicates, oxides and sulphides is examined. This includes the silicate perovskite assemblages that form the bulk of the Earth's lower mantle, for which a number of new findings concerning effects of non-stoichiometry and defect properties, pressure-induced electronic and magnetic transitions, and rheology have been obtained. High P-T studies of Fe-Ni alloys, together with various light elements, provide constraints on the composition, structure and dynamics of terrestrial planet cores. Water is a key component of many planetary bodies; as ice it undergoes numerous high-pressure transformations and as a volatile component it is involved in potentially important high P-T mineral reactions and is incorporated in dense mineral phases. Striking behaviour is observed in other molecular systems, including CO2 and CH4 and their mixtures with H2O; these form new phases, some relevant at the relatively modest conditions of deep marine sediments, others at the extreme states found in the deepest planetary interiors. Additional high P-T interactions between rare gases and ices and silicates are also documented. For the large planets, the most abundant ‘mineral’ is hydrogen, which has been shown to undergo novel mineral/gas reactions, possibly in cloud decks deep within the dense atmospheres of these bodies.

scholarly journals Incubation mound-building by megapodes creates novel, high-resource patches in a semi-arid woodland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather Neilly ◽  
Peter Cale ◽  
David Eldridge
Keyword(s):  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Desert Ecosystems ◽  
Low Resource ◽  
High Resource ◽  
Building Activities ◽  
Resource Patches ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Semi Arid

1.Desert ecosystems have sparse and heterogeneous resources. Discrete high-resource patches, associated with landscape modulators such as perennial vegetation, act as nutrient sinks in contrast to open, low-resource areas (interpatch matrix). In semi-arid mallee woodlands, malleefowl (Leipoa ocellata: Megapodiidae) create large incubation mounds by raking leaf litter and soil from high-resource patches to their mound sites in the interpatch matrix. Despite this conspicuous redistribution of resources, nothing is known about the physical and chemical properties of malleefowl mounds. 2.In this study, we measured groundcover, vegetation structure and composition, and soil chemistry at: malleefowl mounds, high-resource microsites modulated by trees, and in the low-resource interpatch matrix. The high and low-resource microsites were sampled near the mound in the potential Malleefowl disturbance zone, and outside of the disturbance zone. Mounds were classified into three age categories based on the number of years since they were active.3.We found that malleefowl mounds were a novel microsite, with soil chemistry more similar to tree-modulated patches and groundcover and vegetation variables more similar to the open, interpatch matrix. Additionally, the novel attributes of the mound persisted beyond 6 years from the last time the mound was active. The effect of malleefowl mound-building activities appeared to extend beyond recently used mounds, with vegetation suppressed in open patches close to the mound.4.Synthesis: Malleefowl redistribute resources from high-resource patches under trees to the open interpatch matrix. Incubation mound-building by animals can be a landscape modulating process via high-resource patch formation and is likely important for ecosystem functioning.

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