Facile Synthesis of a Porous ZnO Nanorod Array with Enhanced Photocatalysis for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 3512-3518
Author(s):  
Saleh Khan ◽  
Xiao-He Liu ◽  
Xi Jiang ◽  
Qing-Yun Chen
Keyword(s):  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Nanorod Array ◽  
Photocurrent Density ◽  
Zno Nanorod ◽  
Nanorod Arrays ◽  
Zno Nanorod Arrays ◽  
Irradiation Intensity ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Positive Effect

Highly efficient and effective porous ZnO nanorod arrays were fabricated by annealing ZnO nanorod arrays grown on a substrate using a simple hydrothermal method. The annealing had a positive effect on the nanorod morphology, structure and optical properties. The porosity was closely related to the annealing temperature. After heating at 450 °C, pores appeared on the nanorods. It was demonstrated that the porosity could be exploited to improve the visible light absorption of ZnO and reduce the bandgap from 3.11 eV to 2.99 eV. A combination of improved charge separation and transport of the heat-treated ZnO thus led to an increase in the photoelectrochemical properties. At an irradiation intensity of 100 mW/cm−2, the photocurrent density of the porous nanorod array was approximately 1.3 mA cm−2 at 1.2 V versus Ag/AgCl, which was five times higher than that of the ZnO nanorods. These results revealed the synthesis of promising porous ZnO nanorods for photoelectrochemical applications.

scholarly journals Effects of Annealing Environments on the Solution-Grown, Aligned Aluminium-Doped Zinc Oxide Nanorod-Array-Based Ultraviolet Photoconductive Sensor

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hafiz Mamat ◽  
Mohd Izzudin Che Khalin ◽  
Nik Noor Hafizah Nik Mohammad ◽  
Zuraida Khusaimi ◽  
Nor Diyana Md Sin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Surface Condition ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Average Diameter ◽  
Nanorod Array ◽  
Zno Nanorod ◽  
Nanorod Arrays ◽  
Zno Nanorod Arrays ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Doped Zno

We have fabricated metal-semiconductor-metal- (MSM-) type ultraviolet (UV) photoconductive sensors using aluminium- (Al-) doped zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorod arrays that were annealed in different environments: air, oxygen, or a vacuum. The Al-doped ZnO nanorods had an average diameter of 60 nm with a thickness of approximately 600 nm that included the seed layer (with thickness~200 nm). Our results show that the vacuum-annealed nanorod-array-based UV photoconductive sensor has the highest photocurrent value of  2.43  ×  10-4 A. The high photocurrent is due to the high concentration of zinc (Zn) interstitials in the vacuum-annealed nanorod arrays. In contrast, the oxygen-annealing process applied to the Al-doped ZnO nanorod arrays produced highly sensitive UV photoconductive sensors, in which the sensitivity reached 55.6, due to the surface properties of the oxygen-annealed nanorods, which have a higher affinity for oxygen adsorption than the other samples and were thereby capable of reducing the sensor’s dark current. In addition, the sensor fabricated using the oxygen-annealed nanorod arrays had the lowest rise and decay time constants. Our result shows that the annealing environment greatly affects the surface condition and properties of the Al-doped ZnO nanorod arrays, which influences the performance of the UV photoconductive sensors.

Effects of pH on the Growth of ZnO Nanorod Arrays in Aqueous Solution

2011 ◽  
Vol 418-420 ◽  
pp. 1507-1510
Author(s):  
Chun Mei Zhang ◽  
Tao Meng ◽  
Yan Ping Hao ◽  
Qiang Chen
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Ph Value ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Nanorod Array ◽  
Zno Nanorod ◽  
Nanorod Arrays ◽  
Zno Nanorod Arrays ◽  
Effects Of Ph ◽  
Xrd Patterns

Well-aligned crystalline ZnO nanorod arrays were synthesized on the glass substrate via an aqueous solution route, and the effect of the pH value on structural properties and morphology of ZnO nanorod arrays was investigated using XRD and FESEM. FESEM micrographs show the formation of ZnO nanorod arrays at different pH values. XRD patterns confirm that the ZnO nanorods were wurtzite structure preferentially oriented in c-axis direction and the highest quality of nanorod array was formed at high pH value.

New p-n Junction Photodetector Using Optimized ZnO Nanorod Array

2007 ◽  
Vol 121-123 ◽  
pp. 809-812
Author(s):  
Ya Lin Lu ◽  
Iyad A. Dajani ◽  
W.J. Mandeville ◽  
R.J. Knize ◽  
S.S. Mao
Keyword(s):  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Nanorod Array ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Zno Nanorod ◽  
Nanorod Arrays ◽  
Zno Nanorod Arrays ◽  
Au Catalyst ◽  
Array Quality ◽  
P Type ◽  
Photodetector Arrays

In this research, nanoscale spatial resolution p-n junction photodetector arrays were developed using ZnO nanorod arrays grown on p-type silicon substrates. In order to optimize the nanorod array quality, an advanced combinatorial spreadsheet approach was used to optimize the Au catalyst thickness. The crystallinity of these as-grown ZnO nanorods’ was compared to that of bulk and thin film ZnO materials.

ZnO nanorod arrays grown on an AlN buffer layer and their enhanced ultraviolet emission

CrystEngComm ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (41) ◽  
pp. 6085-6088 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amany Ali ◽  
DongBo Wang ◽  
JinZhong Wang ◽  
ShuJie Jiao ◽  
FengYun Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Buffer Layer ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Zno Nanorod ◽  
Nanorod Arrays ◽  
Zno Nanorod Arrays ◽  
Ultraviolet Emission ◽  
Aln Buffer

The ultraviolet luminescence of ZnO nanorods was greatly enhanced through introducing an AlN buffer layer.

Effects of thermal annealing temperature and duration on hydrothermally grown ZnO nanorod arrays

2009 ◽  
Vol 255 (11) ◽  
pp. 5861-5865 ◽  
Author(s):  
X.Q. Zhao ◽  
C.R. Kim ◽  
J.Y. Lee ◽  
C.M. Shin ◽  
J.H. Heo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Annealing ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Zno Nanorod ◽  
Nanorod Arrays ◽  
Zno Nanorod Arrays

scholarly journals Facile Preparation and Enhanced Visible-Light Photocatalysis of ZnO Arrays@BiOI Nanosheets Heterostructures

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Da Zhang ◽  
Yuanyi Wang ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
Chengjing Xiao ◽  
Jing Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Potential Method ◽  
Zno Nanorod ◽  
Nanorod Arrays ◽  
Zno Nanorod Arrays ◽  
Step Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Bioi Nanosheets

A simple two-step method of growing ZnO nanorod arrays on the surface of BiOI nanosheets was developed under mild environment. The hierarchical structure of ZnO arrays@BiOI nanosheets was characterized by various measurements like X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray detector. The optical absorption of the ZnO arrays@BiOI nanosheets composite was investigated by UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra. The photocatalytic degradation of methanol orange under visible light shows that the obtained ZnO arrays@BiOI nanosheets heterostructures exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity, contrasting to the sum of BiOI nanosheets and ZnO nanorods. The mechanism of the photocatalytic process was discussed. This method of growing ZnO nanorod arrays on other nanosheets also provides a potential method to fabricating other complex structures.

scholarly journals Controlling the hydrothermal growth and the properties of ZnO nanorod arrays by pre-treating the seed layer

RSC Advances ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (84) ◽  
pp. 44452-44456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Yin ◽  
Y. Sun ◽  
M. Yu ◽  
X. Liu ◽  
B. Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Layer ◽  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Hydrothermal Growth ◽  
Zno Nanorod ◽  
Nanorod Arrays ◽  
Zno Nanorod Arrays

Annealing or plasma pre-treating the ZnO seed layer influences the nucleation and hydrothermal growth of ZnO nanorods and their photoluminescence.

Hydrothermal of ZnO Nanorod Arrays on ITO Transparent Conductive Oxide Substrate: Effect of Precursor Concentration

2016 ◽  
Vol 675-676 ◽  
pp. 134-137
Author(s):  
Phattharaphong Khamkhom ◽  
Mati Horprathum ◽  
Pitak Eiamchai ◽  
Chanunthorn Chananonnawathorn ◽  
Sukon Kalasung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Water Structure ◽  
Transparent Conductive Oxide ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Precursor Concentration ◽  
Zno Nanorod ◽  
Nanorod Arrays ◽  
Zno Nanorod Arrays ◽  
Hexagonal Shape ◽  
Scanning Electron

In this study, we fabricated the zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods arrays by hydrothermal technique on indium doped tin oxide (ITO) substrate with different concentration of the precursor with zinc nitrate and hexamethyleneteramine (HMTA) in distilled water. Structure, morphology and optical properties of ZnOnanorods on ITO substrate were characterized by x-ray diffractometer, field-emission scanning electron microscope and spectrophotometer, respectively. The ZnO nanorod arrays showing preferentially oriented in the (001) direction and with a wurtzite structure. The scanning electron microscopy results showed that the hexagonal shape ZnO nanorods. It was found that the diameter, length and density of the ZnO nanorods arrays were strongly influenced by the precursor concentration.

ZnO Nanorod Arrays and Nanowires by Hydrothermal Growth

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 811-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Su ◽  
Xiao Ping Zou ◽  
Xiang Min Meng ◽  
Gong Qing Teng ◽  
Gang Qiang Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zno Nanorods ◽  
Ammonia Solution ◽  
Zinc Nitrate ◽  
Zinc Nitrate Hexahydrate ◽  
Hydrothermal Growth ◽  
Nitrate Hexahydrate ◽  
Zno Nanorod ◽  
Nanorod Arrays ◽  
Zno Nanorod Arrays ◽  
Facile Fabrication

We are reporting here on an inexpensive and facile fabrication method for ZnO nanorod arrays by hydrothermal growth at low temperature (90°C). In our experiment, ZnO nanostructures were grown on glass substrate using an equimolar (0.1M) aqueous solution of Zn(NO3)2•6H2O (zinc nitrate hexahydrate) and C6H12N4 (HMTA) as precursors solution, and using ammonia solution to controlling the pH levels. It enable easily obtained arrayed ZnO nanorods on substrate, and nanowires which grown on nanorod arrays were identified after about 1 month in the air. The growth process of nanorods and the formation mechanism of nanowires were investigated.

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