Annual Incidences and Progressions of Myopia and High Myopia in Chinese Schoolchildren Based on a 5-Year Cohort Study

Abstract Objective A correlation between myopia and insulin-resistance has been suggested. We investigated the association between myopia in adolescence and type 2 diabetes (T2D) incidence in young adulthood. Design Population-based, retrospective, cohort study. Methods 1,329,705 adolescents (579,543 women, 43.6%) aged 16-19 years, medically examined before mandatory military service during 1993-2012; and whose data were linked to the Israel National Diabetes Registry. Myopia was defined based on right eye refractive data. Cox proportional models were applied, separately for women and men, to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for T2D incidence per person-years of follow-up. Results There was an interaction between myopia and sex with T2D (P<0.001). For women, T2D incidence rates (per 100,000 person-years) were 16.6, 19.2, and 25.1 for those without myopia, and with mild-to-moderate and high myopia, respectively. These corresponded to HRs of 1.29 (95%CI 1.14-1.45) and 1.63 (1.21-2.18) for women with mild-to-moderate and high myopia, respectively, compared to those without myopia, after adjustment for age at study entry, birth year, adolescent BMI, cognitive performance, socioeconomic status, and immigration status. Results persisted in extensive sensitivity and subgroup analyses. When managed as a continuous variable, every 1 diopter lower spherical equivalent yielded a 6.5% higher adjusted HR for T2D incidence (P= 0.003). There was no significant association among men. Conclusions For women, myopia in adolescence was associated with a significantly increased risk for incident T2D in young adulthood, in a severity-dependent manner. This finding may support the role of insulin resistance in myopia pathogenesis.

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Clinical Features in High Myopia: a Danish cohort study of unselected high myopia cases followed from age 14 to age 60

Acta Ophthalmologica ◽

10.1111/j.1755-3768.2010.02048.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 88 ◽

pp. 1-117

Keyword(s):

Cohort Study ◽

Clinical Features ◽

High Myopia ◽

Danish Cohort

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High myopia is protective against diabetic retinopathy via thinning retinal vein: A report from Fushun Diabetic Retinopathy Cohort Study (FS-DIRECT)

Diabetes and Vascular Disease Research ◽

10.1177/1479164120940988 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 147916412094098

Author(s):

Zhong Lin ◽

Dong Li ◽

Gang Zhai ◽

Yu Wang ◽

Liang Wen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Confidence Interval ◽

Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Odds Ratio ◽

Chinese Population ◽

High Myopia ◽

Negatively Associated ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Mellitus ◽

Central Retinal Venular Equivalent

Purpose: To investigate the association between high myopia and diabetic retinopathy, and its possible mechanism, in a northeastern Chinese population with type 2 diabetic mellitus. Methods: Patients were included from Fushun Diabetic Retinopathy Cohort Study. High myopia was defined as spherical equivalent of autorefraction less than −5D. Results: A total of 1817 patients [688 (37.9%) diabetic retinopathy, 102 (5.6%) high myopia] were included. Compared to eyes without high myopia, the frequency of diabetic retinopathy and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy was significantly less in eyes with high myopia (23.5% vs 38.7%, p = 0.002; 22.5% vs 35.3%, p = 0.005). Eyes with high myopia were less likely to have diabetic retinopathy (multivariate odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 0.39, 0.22–0.68) or non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 0.40, 0.23–0.70). High myopia was negatively associated with central retinal venular equivalent (multivariate β, 95% confidence interval: −37.1, −42.3 to −31.8, p < 0.001). Furthermore, central retinal venular equivalent (per 10 μm increase) had a significant association with diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.24, 1.17–1.31) as well as non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.24, 1.18–1.31). Conclusions: High myopia was negatively associated with both diabetic retinopathy and non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy in this northeastern Chinese population. This protective effect may have been partially achieved via thinning retinal veins.

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