Solar Disturbances and Interdiurnal Variations of Atmospheric Pressure*

1942 ◽  
Vol 23 (10) ◽  
pp. 388-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellsworth Huntington
Keyword(s):  
Annual Cycle ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Barometric Pressure ◽  
The Other ◽  
Causal Connection ◽  
The Sun ◽  
New Haven ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Solar Disturbances ◽  
The Relationship

Summary The conclusion is that interdiurnal variability of atmospheric pressure at New Haven appears to show a mathematically significant correlation with the position of sunspots on the disk of the sun as seen from the earth. The correlation indicates a double annual cycle in which high latitude of spots is associated with high barometric variability in summer and winter at about the time of the solstices and with low barometric variability in the spring and fall near the time when one or the other axis of the sun points most nearly to the earth. Whether the relationship thus suggested is thermal or electrical, or whether it has any causal connection with the axes of either the earth or the sun, we do not know. The important fact is that this first investigation of the latitude of sunspots in relation to barometric variability suggests that a hidden, and perhaps hitherto unrecognized factor, manifested in the form of the latitudinal location of sunspots, is somehow imposed upon the terrestrial factors which lead to interdiurnal changes of barometric pressure.

scholarly journals Geocomputing, New Technologies and Historical Analysis: Tools for a Changing Planet

Proceedings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Sebastiano Trevisani
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Research Topic ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Records ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Relationship

Modern Earth Scientists need also to interact with other disciplines, apparently far from the Earth Sciences and Engineering. Disciplines related to history and philosophy of science are emblematic from this perspective. From one side, the quantitative analysis of information extracted from historical records (documents, maps, paintings, etc.) represents an exciting research topic, requiring a truly holistic approach. On the other side, epistemological and philosophy of science considerations on the relationship between geoscience and society in history are of fundamental importance for understanding past, present and future geosphere-anthroposphere interlinked dynamics.

Solar Motion and Lunar Eclipses in Philolaus’ Cosmological System

Apeiron ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk L. Couprie
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Moon ◽  
Internal Logic ◽  
Wrong Side ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Solar Motion ◽  
Length Of The Day

Abstract In this paper, three problems that have hardly been noticed or even gone unnoticed in the available literature in the cosmology of Philolaus are addressed. They have to do with the interrelationships of the orbits of the Earth, the Sun, and the Moon around the Central Fire and all three of them constitute potentially insurmountable obstacles within the context of the Philolaic system. The first difficulty is Werner Ekschmitt’s claim that the Philolaic system cannot account for the length of the day (νυχϑήμερον). It is shown that this problem can be solved with the help of the distinction between the synodic day and the sidereal day. The other two problems discussed in this paper are concerned with two hitherto unnoticed deficiencies in the explanation of lunar eclipses in the Philolaic system. The Philolaic system cannot account for long-lasting lunar eclipses and according to the internal logic of the system, during lunar eclipses the Moon enters the shadow of the Earth from the wrong side. It is almost unbelievable that nobody, from the Pythagoreans themselves up to recent authors, has noticed these two serious deficiencies, and especially the latter, in the cosmology of Philolaus the Pythagorean.

scholarly journals The effects of changing meteorological parameters on fatal aortic catastrophes

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitta Szilágyi ◽  
Márton Berczeli ◽  
Attila Lovas ◽  
Zoltán Oláh ◽  
Klára Törő ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Causal Connection ◽  
Cox Process ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Over the span of the last decade, medical research has been increasingly putting greater emphasis on the study of meteorological parameters due to their connection to cardiovascular diseases. The main goal of this study was to explore the relationship between fatal aortic catastrophes and changes in atmospheric pressure and temperature. Methods We used a Cox process model to quantify the effects of environmental factors on sudden deaths resulting from aortic catastrophes. We used transfer entropy to draw conclusion about the causal connection between mortality and meteorological parameters. Our main tool was a computer program which we developed earlier in order to evaluate the relationship between pulmonary embolism mortality and weather on data sets comprised of aortic aneurysm (AA) and acute aortic dissection (AAD) cases, where one of these two medical conditions had led to fatal rupture of the aorta. Our source for these cases were the autopsy databases of Semmelweis University, from the time period of 1994 to 2014. We have examined 160 aneurysm and 130 dissection cases in relation to changes in meteorological parameters. The algorythm implemented in our program is based on a non-parametric a Cox process model. It is capable of splitting slowly varying unknown global trends from fluctuations potentially caused by weather. Furthermore, it allows us to explore complex non-linear interactions between meteorological parameters and mortality. Results Model measures the relative growth of the expected number of events on the nth day caused by the deviation of environmental parameters from its mean value. The connection between ruptured aortic aneurysms (rAA) and changes in atmospheric pressure is more significant than their connection with mean daily temperatures. With an increase in atmospheric pressure, the rate of rAA mortality also increased. The effects of meteorological parameters were weaker for deaths resulting from acute aortic dissections (AAD), although low mean daily temperatures increased the intensity of occurrence for AAD-related deaths. Conclusion The occurrence rate of fatal aortic catastrophes showed a slight dependence on the two examined parameters within our groups.

scholarly journals XXI. On magnetic influence in the solar rays

1828 ◽  
Vol 118 ◽  
pp. 379-396 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Circular Arcs ◽  
Solar Rays

The facts which I communicated in my former paper on this subject appeared so inexplicable on any known principle, that I am induced to present my subsequent observations to the Society, although I have not succeeded in ascertaining the causes of the singular effects which I have observed. From the experiments described in that paper, it appeared that a magnetized needle, when vibrated exposed to the sun’s rays, will come to rest sooner than when screened from their influence: that a similar effect is produced on a needle of glass or of copper; but that the effect upon the magnetized needle greatly exceeds that upon either of the others. To the experiments from which this was inferred, it might be objected, that the magnetized needle and the other metallic needle were not of the same weight, and that the effect upon an unmagnetized steel needle had not been compared with that upon a similar needle magnetized. I therefore, on the first opportunity, made these experiments in the most unexceptionable manner, and the results most decidedly confirmed those I had previously obtained. I endeavoured likewise to ascertain the effects that would be produced by the separate rays; but, possibly owing to the inefficiency of my apparatus, I obtained no very decided results: the violet rays appeared to produce the same effect as partially screening the needle; and the red rays, the greatest effect in diminishing the arc of vibration. The observations themselves will however best point out the nature of these effects. My first object was to compare the effects on an unmagnetized steel needle with those on a magnetized needle, under circumstances as nearly as possible the same. For this purpose I made another needle of the same form and weight, and from the same piece of clock-spring, as the magnetized needle which I had already employed. Each needle had pasteboard glued to the under side, to render it of precisely the same weight as two other needles of copper and of glass, which I had cut of the same form for the purpose of comparing the effects upon needles of different kinds. The length of each needle is 6 inches, and the greatest breadth 1.5 inch, the boundaries being circular arcs. The needles were vibrated by means of an apparatus, described in my former paper, from which metal was scrupulously excluded; the suspending wire being the only metal within several feet of the needle. This wire was of brass, and of such diameter, that the unmagnetized needles vibrated by the force of its torsion in very nearly the same time as the magnetized needle by the directive force of the earth. The observations are contained in the following table, where the terminal arc is, in all cases, the extent to which the needle vibrated beyond zero after completing the 100th vibration; and the terminal excess is the excess of the terminal arc when the needle vibrated in the shade above that when it vibrated exposed to the sun.

scholarly journals A probable cause of the Yearly variation of magnetic storms and auroræ.

1905 ◽  
Vol 74 (497-506) ◽  
pp. 90-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Norman Lockyer ◽  
William J. S. Lockyer
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Magnetic Disturbance ◽  
Yearly Variation ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Yearly Change ◽  
Meteorological Elements ◽  
Considerable Period ◽  
Magnetic Disturbances

The ordinary meteorological elements, such as atmospheric pressure, temperature, etc., have a yearly change satisfactorily explained as due to changes of the position of the earth’s axis in relation to the sun, or, in other words, the variation of the sun’s declination. There are, however, other phenomena, such as magnetic disturbances and auroræ, which have been explained differently. Thus, in regard to this seasonal variation Mr. Ellis has written, “The related physical circumstance is that at the equinoxes, when disturbance is more frequent, the whole surface of the earth comes under the influence of the sun, whilst at the solstices, when magnetic disturbance is less frequent, a portion of the surface remains for a considerable period in shadow.”

scholarly journals On a method of comparing the light of the Sun with that of the fixed stars

1833 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 355-355
Keyword(s):  
Full Moon ◽  
Angular Distance ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Proper Distance ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Direct Light ◽  
Glass Bulb ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Made In

In the Philosophical Transactions for the year 1767, a suggestion is thrown out by Mr. Michell, that a comparison between the light received from the sun and any of the fixed stars, might furnish data for estimating their relative distances; but no such direct comparison had been attempted. Dr. Wollaston was led to infer from some observations that he made in the year 1799, that the direct light of the sun is about one million times more intense than that of the full moon, and therefore very many million times greater than that of all the fixed stars taken collectively. In order to compare the light of the sun with that of a star, he took, as an intermediate object of comparison, the light of a candle reflected from a small bulb, about a quarter of an inch in diameter, filled with quicksilver, and seen, by one eye, through a lens of two inches focus, at the same time that the star or the sun’s image, placed at a proper distance, was viewed by the other eye through a telescope. The mean of various trials seemed to show that the light of Sirius is equal to that of the sun seen in a glass bulb one tenth of an inch in diameter, at the distance of 210 feet, or that they are in the proportion of one to ten thousand millions; but as nearly one half of the light is lost by reflection, the real proportion between the light from Sirius and the sun is not greater than that of one to twenty thousand millions. If the annual parallax of Sirius be half a second, corresponding to a distance of 525,481 times that of the sun from the earth, its diameter would be 3⋅7 times that of the sun, and its light 13⋅8 times as great. The distance at which the sun would require to be viewed, so that its brightness might be only equal to that of Sirius, would be 141,421 times its present distance; and if still in the ecliptic, its annual parallax in longitude would be nearly 3″; but if situated at the same angular distance from the ecliptic as Sirius is, it would have an annual parallax, in latitude, of 1″⋅8.

scholarly journals The Effects of Changing Meteorological Parameters on Fatal Aortic Catastrophes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitta Szilágyi ◽  
Márton Berczeli ◽  
Attila Lovas ◽  
Zoltán Oláh ◽  
Klára Törő ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
Main Tool ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Causal Connection ◽  
Cox Process ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Introduction: Over the spam of the last decade, medical research has been increasingly putting greater emphasis on the study of meteorological parameters due to their connection to cardiovascular diseases. The main goal of this study was to explore the relationship between fatal aortic catastrophes and changes in atmospheric pressure and temperature. Methods: We used a Cox process model to quantify the effects of environmental factors on sudden deaths resulting from aortic catastrophes. We used transfer entropy to draw conclusion about the causal connection between mortality and meteorological parameters. Our main tool is a computer program which we developed earlier in order to evaluate the relationship between pulmonary embolism mortality and the weather on data sets comprised of aortic aneurysm (AA) and acute aortic dissection (AAD) cases, where one of these two medical conditions had led to the fatal rupture of the aorta. Our source for these cases were the autopsy databases of Semmelweis University, from the time period of 1994 to 2014. We have examined 160 aneurysm and 130 dissection cases in relation to changes in meteorological parameters. The algorithm implemented in our program is based on a non-parametric a Cox process model. It is capable to split slowly varying unknown global trends from fluctuations potentially caused by weather. Furthermore, it allows us to explore complex non-linear interactions between meteorological parameters and mortality. Results: The model measures the relative growth of the expected number of events on the n th day caused by the deviation of environmental parameters from its mean value. The connection between ruptured aortic aneurysms (rAA) and changes in atmospheric pressure is more significant than their connection with mean daily temperatures. With the increase in atmospheric pressure, the rate of rAA mortality also increased. The effects of meteorological parameters were weaker for deaths resulting from acute aortic dissections (AAD), although low mean daily temperatures increased the intensity of occurrence for AAD-related deaths. Conclusion: The occurrence rate of fatal aortic catastrophes showed a slight dependence on the two examined parameters within our groups.

scholarly journals Experimental observation of permanent magnet rotation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiming Tong ◽  
Bihe Chen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Permanent Magnet ◽  
Hollow Sphere ◽  
Experimental Methods ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Rotational Force ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Rotation Behaviour

Abstract Why does the Earth rotate? At present, several theories on Earth rotation remain hypotheses. Hence, the aim of this study was to obtain experimental evidence of the relationship between the rotational force and magnetic field so that we can use experimental devices to demonstrate the rotation relationship among the planets and the sun. Each permanent magnet rotating under the action of an external force is installed on the shaft of DC motor; each magnetic ball designed to rotate in a magnetic field is placed in the center of a hollow sphere that can float on the water. Using the above setup, the experimental methods and procedures based on this research can be used to observe the rotation behaviour of a permanent magnet in a magnetic field, understand the reason for its rotation, and determine the strength of the rotational force of the permanent magnet in the magnetic field.

scholarly journals Observations of solar global oscillations (1983–1985) and potential influence of terrestrial sources of errors

1988 ◽  
Vol 123 ◽  
pp. 33-36
Author(s):  
A.B. Severny ◽  
V.A. Kotov ◽  
T.T. Tsap
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Pressure Fluctuations ◽  
The Sun ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure Fluctuations

The Earth atmospheric pressure fluctuations in the 5-min range of periods are analysed and their influence on observations of solar 5-min oscillations are briefly discussed. New series of observations confirmed the oscillations of the Sun with period of 160.010 min.

Anaximenes and to ΚΡγΣΤΑΛΟΕΙΔΕΣ

1956 ◽  
Vol 6 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 40-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. K. C. Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
The Sun ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Flat Shape

The following remarks are frankly speculative, and their subject one on which certainty is unlikely to be attained. It seems worth offering them because, though the conclusions are only tentative, they were reached by way of some observations which have a certain interest of their own.Anaximenes, we are told, said that the sun is flat like a leaf, and that it and the other heavenly bodies ‘ride upon’ the air owing to their flat shape, as does the earth also.

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