Science, Politics, and International Atmospheric and Oceanic Programs1

1982 ◽  
Vol 63 (8) ◽  
pp. 924-933 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. White
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Fresh Start ◽  
Atmospheric Research ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The World

This, the Fifth Donald L. McKernan Lecture in Marine Affairs, analyzes the scientific and political aspects of the World Climate Program (WCP) and its predecessor, the remarkably successful Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP). Both programs join oceanographers and meteorologists in common endeavors of great world significance and have other similarities. But more important are certain contrasts in the scientific and political forces bearing on these programs and changes in circumstances that must be understood if the GARP experience is to provide reliable guidance in planning and executing WCP in the years ahead. This analysis leads to a suggestion that contrasts with the approach now being considered for WCP and that offers a fresh start in organizing WCP so it can provide what we now need.

ALPEX The GARP Mountain Subprogram

1981 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 793-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joachim P. Kuettner ◽  
Thomas H. R. O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
World Meteorological Organization ◽  
General Area ◽  
International Council ◽  
Atmospheric Research ◽  
The World ◽  
The Alps

The problem of airflow over and around mountains, as originally proposed by J. Charney, R. Hide, F. Mesinger, and G. Goetz, was approved in 1978 as a subprogram of the Global Atmospheric Research Program (GARP) by the Joint Organizing Committee (JOC) of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO).3 ALPEX will be the field project of this subprogram and, as the name indicates, the general area of the Alps has been selected as its site. The primary observing period will be during March and April 1982. ALPEX will complete the series of large international field projects of GARP (UCAR, 1980; ICSU/WMO, 1980e).

THE INFLUENCE OF SCOTTISH ACCOUNTANTS IN THE UNITED STATES: THE EARLY CASE OF THE SOCIETY OF ACCOUNTANTS IN EDINBURGH

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. LEE
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Research Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
The World ◽  
Early Case ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Chartered Accountants ◽  
The U.S

This study represents part of a long-term research program to investigate the influence of U.K. accountants on the development of professional accountancy in other parts of the world. It examines the impact of a small group of Scottish chartered accountants who emigrated to the U.S. in the late 1800s and early 1900s. Set against a general theory of emigration, the study's main results reveal the significant involvement of this group in the founding and development of U.S. accountancy. The influence is predominantly with respect to public accountancy and its main institutional organizations. Several of the individuals achieved considerable eminence in U.S. public accountancy.

The Impact of the Global Atmospheric Research Program on Observing Programs

1970 ◽  
pp. 170-172
Author(s):  
Joseph Smagorinsky ◽  
Oliver M. Ashford ◽  
S. Fred Singer ◽  
Vaughn D. Rockney ◽  
Edward J. Zipser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Program ◽  
Atmospheric Research ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Education as Cultural Frame

2021 ◽  
pp. 267-284
Author(s):  
John W. Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Collective Good ◽  
Educational Expansion ◽  
Political Society ◽  
Cultural Model ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Regional Variations ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The World

AbstractEducation, both mass and elite, has spread everywhere over recent centuries, generally taking globally standardized forms. The studies in this book address its distinctively compulsory form. It is originally organized for the collective good of religious and later political society, and more recently formulated as a citizen—and later human—right. Educational expansion is global, and greatly affected by worldwide organizations. But regional variations matter too, as education spreads out from the Western core. A key to understanding the diffusion of education is to see it as reflecting cultural and political forces, not principally economic ones that obviously vary greatly around the world. Education reflects a cultural model of a secularized modern society, much more than economic interests and structures, and its commonalities are visible everywhere.

Discovering sign language

2019 ◽  
pp. 81-90
Author(s):  
François Grosjean
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
American Sign Language ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Research Program ◽  
Deaf Child ◽  
The United States ◽  
American Sign ◽  
The World ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Right

The author discovered American Sign Language (ASL) and the world of the deaf whilst in the United States. He helped set up a research program in the psycholinguistics of ASL and describes a few studies he did. He also edited, with Harlan Lane, a special issue of Langages on sign language, for French colleagues. The author then worked on the bilingualism and biculturalism of the deaf, and authored a text on the right of the deaf child to become bilingual. It has been translated into 30 different languages and is known the world over.

Cleaning up clutter

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy D. Bennett
Keyword(s):  
Cleaning Process ◽  
Fresh Start ◽  
Peace Of Mind ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future

How messy are our lives at school? Sometimes the internal and external clutter steals our peace of mind, and we feel like hoarders in our own classrooms. At times, a good cleanup is just what we need to make a fresh start, renew our energy, and create a hopeful outlook. Look around. Is the desk overflowing with “stuff”? Are walls devoid of graphics, furniture in disarray, relationships strained, lessons falling flat, encounters with administrators more about resistance than openness? Look inside. Are you constantly ruminating about difficulties that seem never to be resolved? Is there ill will festering against students, faculty, parents, or administrators? If you’re feeling the clutter, the metaphoric “kitchen sink” cleanup may be just what is needed (Carroll, 2006). We begin by taking a first, strategic step toward cleaning the mess. If we walk into a dirty, messy kitchen, starting the cleaning process can feel overwhelming. Yet if we clean and prepare the sink first, we create a space for continuing to clean. One clean and tidy space gives us incentive to clean the rest of the kitchen. We see details previously unnoticed. We sort and put away. We may be eager to cook again. We feel optimism about possibili­ties for the future. We are more welcoming to guests. We feel more broadly reoriented in the world. What is your kitchen sink? Whether physical, personal, or social, finding and cleaning up your clutter can give you a new start. And taking those steps shows “a profound respect for the world . . . [B] eing precise and thorough and fresh . . . is the natu­ral thing to do”.

scholarly journals Endogenous Direct Democracy: The Case of Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-218
Author(s):  
Juve J. Cortés
Keyword(s):  
Direct Democracy ◽  
Process Tracing ◽  
The Political ◽  
Government Structure ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The World ◽  
New Policies ◽  
The Masses ◽  
Do So

Direct democracy (DD) – including initiatives and referendums – is increasingly used by citizens and governments to establish new policies around the world. Although framed as a tool that benefits citizens, it is also common for government actors, including parties, to utilise DD in initiating and pushing through new policies. To explain this puzzling development, existing research examines the regulative design of DD. Going a step further, this article explains how the design of DD originates. Using process tracing methodology, I examine the case of Mexico – the most recent adopter of DD in 2014 – and illustrate how, when, and how DD can be used and modified. I argue that DD is endogenous: we cannot conceive of it independently of the political forces that generated it. Other prominent cases, such as Uruguay, suggest that DD was adopted to pursue party goals or to shape a particular government structure. Legislatures certainly provide the masses the option of engaging in DD but they do so on their own terms.

scholarly journals Russians from China: Migrations and Identity

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-158
Author(s):  
Mara Moustafine
Keyword(s):  
Jewish Community ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
North China ◽  
Chinese Cities ◽  
Political Transformations ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The World ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
The Rich ◽  
Almost All

In the first half of the 20th century, sizeable Russian communities lived in a number of Chinese cities, including Harbin, Shanghai and Tientsin. The largest and most diverse of these was the community that grew up around Harbin in north China. By the mid 1920s, Harbin was home to one of the largest Russian diaspora communities in the world, with over 120,000 Russians and other nationalities from the former Tsarist Empire. Moreover, many Russians in Shanghai and Tientsin had links to Harbin, as their first place of domicile in China. By the late 1950s, political transformations in China had driven almost all these people elsewhere. But for many of them, their roots in China became a key aspect of their identity in emigration in their new diasporas. This paper explores the background to this unique community and the geo-political forces underpinning the various waves of migration of Russians into and out of Harbin. It analyses the complex issues of identity and citizenship Russians faced while living in Harbin, their fates determined at various points in time by the dominance of three powers – Russia, China and Japan. Drawing on the experience of my own family, whose life in Harbin and Manchuria spanned four generations over fifty years, it touches on the rich ethnic and cultural mix that lay beneath the surface of “Russian” Harbin, with particular reference to the Jewish community that once thrived there. Finally, it examines how the ‘Harbintsy’ perceive their identity in emigration and the recent changes in attitude towards them of the Chinese authorities.

The Oxford Handbook of Participation in Organizations

2010 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Human Resource ◽  
Trade Unions ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
New Economy ◽  
Employee Participation ◽  
Political Democracy ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Employee

The Oxford Handbook of Participation in Organizations discusses various arguments and schools of thought about employee participation; analyses the range of forms that participation can take in practice; and examines the way in which it meets objectives that are set for it, either by employers, trade unions, individual workers, or, indeed, the state. Employee participation encompasses the range of mechanisms used to involve the workforce in decisions at all levels of the organization whether direct or indirect conducted with employees or through their representatives. In its various guises, the topic of employee participation has been a recurring theme in industrial relations and human resource management. One of the problems in trying to develop any analysis of participation is that there is potentially limited overlap between these different disciplinary traditions, and scholars from diverse traditions may know relatively little of the research that has been conducted elsewhere. This book analyses a number of the more significant disciplinary areas in greater depth. Not only is there a range of different traditions contributing to the research and literature on the subject, there is also an extremely diverse sets of practices that congregate under the banner of participation. All the authors are leading scholars from around the world, who present and discuss fundamental theories and approaches to participation in organization as well as their connection to broader political forces. These selections address the changing contexts of employee participation, different cultural/institutional models, old/new economy models, shifting social and political patterns, and the correspondence between industrial and political democracy and participation.

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