scholarly journals LALINET: The First Latin American–Born Regional Atmospheric Observational Network

2017 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 1255-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Antuña-Marrero ◽  
Eduardo Landulfo ◽  
René Estevan ◽  
Boris Barja ◽  
Alan Robock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
First Century ◽  
Scientific Cooperation ◽  
Joint Measurement ◽  
Observational Network ◽  
The World ◽  
Retrieval Algorithms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Aerosol Plume

Abstract Sustained and coordinated efforts of lidar teams in Latin America at the beginning of the twenty-first century have built the Latin American Lidar Network (LALINET), the only observational network in Latin America created by the agreement and commitment of Latin American scientists. They worked with limited funding but an abundance of enthusiasm and commitment toward their joint goal. Before LALINET, there were a few pioneering lidar stations operating in Latin America, described briefly here. Biannual Latin American lidar workshops, held from 2001 to the present, supported both the development of the regional lidar community and LALINET. At those meetings, lidar researchers from Latin America met to conduct regular scientific and technical exchanges among themselves and with experts from the rest of the world. Regional and international scientific cooperation has played an important role in the development of both the individual teams and the network. The current LALINET status and activities are described, emphasizing the processes of standardization of the measurements, methodologies, calibration protocols, and retrieval algorithms. Failures and successes achieved in the buildup of LALINET are presented. In addition, the first LALINET joint measurement campaign and a set of aerosol extinction profile measurements obtained from the aerosol plume produced by the Calbuco volcano eruption on 22 April 2015 are described and discussed.

scholarly journals The Modern Way to Menstruate in Latin America: Consolidation and Fractures in the Twenty-First Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 813-831
Author(s):  
Eugenia Tarzibachi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
American Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
Mainstream Culture

Abstract The introduction of commercialized disposable pads and tampons during the twentieth century changed the experience of the menstrual body in many (but not all) countries of the world. From a Latin-American perspective, this new way to menstruate was also understood to be a sign of modernization. In this chapter, Tarzibachi describes and analyzes how the dissemination and proliferation of disposable pads and tampons have unfolded first in the United States and later in Latin America, with a particular focus on Argentina. She pays particular attention to how the Femcare industry shaped the meanings of the menstrual body through discourses circulated in advertisements and educational materials. Tarzibachi explores how the contemporary meanings of menstruation are contested globally, as the traditional Femcare industry shifts its rhetoric in response to challenges from new menstrual management technologies, new forms of menstrual activism, and the increasing visibility of menstruation in mainstream culture.

Coloniality and Solitude in García Márquez’s Public Speeches and Newspaper Articles

2021 ◽  
pp. 438-454
Author(s):  
Ignacio López-Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Third World ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
First Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Narrative Mode ◽  
Everyday Reality ◽  
Ways Of Being

Gabriel García Márquez’s magical realist narrative mode has been criticized by some scholars and by younger Latin American writers of resorting to a certain tropicalism that exoticizes Latin America as a region where violence and sensuality dominate every aspect of daily life, thus selling a magical Third World underdevelopment full of superstitions, mythical legends, popular folklore, and distortions of time for the Global North’s reading markets that is quite different from everyday reality in the region. Yet whether or not one agrees with this assessment, there is undoubtedly a different image of Latin America when one reads García Márquez’s journalism and public speeches. This article contrasts the author’s novelistic, magical realist image of Latin America in some of his works with the typically more realistic one (there are some exceptions) presented in his speeches collected in the volume I’m Not Here to Give a Speech (2010). Thus, in his 1982 speech “The Solitude of Latin America,” given during his Nobel Prize in Literature acceptance, as well as in his 1995 speeches “Latin America Exists” and “Dreams for the Twenty-First Century,” one finds an anti-Eurocentric stance, in which he demands that Europe try to conceive of Latin America in a different, less paternalistic way. He demands that non-Eurocentric, Latin American worldviews and ways of being in the world be respected in equal terms. Moreover, a sober, realistic denunciation of injustice, infant mortality, disappearance, genocide, imperialism, the abundance of forced exiles and refugees, and other social evils pervades many of these speeches.

scholarly journals Diversity in Science Education: Its Role in the Development of Latin America in the 21st Century

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assefaw Tewolde
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
First Century ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Urban Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Latin American Countries

Over the next quarter-century, the world's population is expected to grow by an unprecedented 90 million people-the equivalent of Mexico's population in 1995 (IFPRI, 1996). The resulting strain on food supplies, agricultural production, services and the environment will pose enormous challenges to even the most resourceful leaders. However, a growing body of research shows that these challenges can be met provided that well-planned science education and research is in place. That being so, there still is wide variation in the levels of literacy between the different Latin American countries, indicating the differential effect that science education has on the region. This is probably due to the differential investment in science that countries have made over the years. For example, while Costa Rica, Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile are among the countries with the highest literacy rates in South America, there are other countries in the same continent with literacy rates at levels below 75 percent.  Latin America, like the rest of the world, will not escape the challenges of the twenty-first century. These challenges include: an ever increasing concern for environmental conservation and the management of biodiversity; the globalization of the economy; and the increasing need to ensure food security to the growing population in general and particularly to the urban sector. This means that science education must focus on these challenges. In all these, science has had, and will continue to have, significant influence. 

scholarly journals Motivaciones políticas y sociales del renovado interés por la filosofía de la liberación y otras concepciones afines

2018 ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
Enrique Del Percio
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Social Factors ◽  
Chicago School ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Philosophy Of Liberation ◽  
The Individual

Se analizan algunos factores política y socialmente relevantes que dan cuenta de la recuperación de concepciones relacionales del individuo y la sociedad, tales como las expresadas en la filosofía de la liberación, la filosofía andina, el pensamiento decolonial y otras constelaciones teóricas de matriz latinoamericana. Frente al intento del neoliberalismo de construcción de un sujeto empresario de sí mismo que se vincula con los demás en términos de competencia, surge como respuesta en Latinoamérica en general y en Argentina en particular un renovado interés por estudiar y aplicar desarrollos teóricos que privilegian una concepción del sujeto y la subjetividad como una construcción derivada de la primacía de la relación por sobre la sustancia como categoría fundacional de la realidad. Si bien esto concuerda con tendencias similares presentes en otras latitudes, en Latinoamérica se da con características propias, entre otras razones por haber sido en los países del sur de la región en donde primero se pusieron en práctica las propuestas de la escuela de Chicago.This paper analyses some relevant political and social factors that give an account of the interest in relational conceptions of the individual and society, such as those expressed in the philosophy of liberation, Andean philosophy, decolonial thought and other theoretical perspectives that show a Latin American matrix. In contrast to the conception of the subject as an entrepreneur of himself who interacts with others in terms of competition, a renewed interest in studying and using theoretical approaches that privilege a conception of the subject and subjectivity as a construction derived from the primacy of the relation over the substance, understood as a founding category of reality, is becoming relevant in Latin American in general and, particularly, in Argentina. Although this process is consistent with similar tendencies in other parts of the world, it has distinctive characteristics in Latin America because, among other reasons, the agenda of the Chicago School was first introduced and implemented in the southern countries of the region.

scholarly journals Populism Revived:Donald Trump and the Latin American Leftist Populists

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 733-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos de la Torre
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Political Community ◽  
First Century ◽  
European Politics ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
American Democracy ◽  
Right Wing Populism ◽  
Hugo Chavez ◽  
Juan Peron

The twenty-first century could well become known as the populist century. No longer confined to Latin America or to the margins of European politics, populism has spread to Africa, Asia, and, with Donald Trump's election, to the cradle of liberal democracy. Even though it is uncertain what impact Trump's populism will have on American democracy, it is worth learning from Latin America, where populists have been in power from the 1930s and 1940s to the present. Even as Latin American populists like Juan Perón and Hugo Chávez included the poor and the nonwhite in the political community, they moved toward authoritarianism by undermining democracy from within. Are the foundations of American democracy and the institutions of civil society strong enough to resist US president Donald Trump's right-wing populism?

scholarly journals PRAISE OF THE CONVERT: BELIEVE AND BELONG FROM THE CATHOLICITY OF LATIN AMERICA

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 327-339
Author(s):  
Felipe Gaytán Alcalá
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Catholic Church ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
The Church

Latin America was considered for many years the main bastion of Catholicism in the world by the number of parishioners and the influence of the church in the social and political life of the región, but in recent times there has been a decrease in the catholicity index. This paper explores three variables that have modified the identity of Catholicism in Latin American countries. The first one refers to the conversion processes that have expanded the presence of Christian denominations, by analyzing the reasons that revolve around the sense of belonging that these communities offer and that prop up their expansion and growth. The second variable accounts for those Catholics who still belong to the Catholic Church but who in their practices and beliefs have incorporated other magical or esoteric scheme in the form of religious syncretisms, modifying their sense of being Catholics in the world. The third factor has a political reference and has to do with the concept of laicism, a concept that sets its objective, not only in the separation of the State from the Church, but for historical reasons in catholicity restraint in the public space which has led to the confinement of the Catholic to the private, leaving other religious groups to occupy that space.

scholarly journals Latin American Journalism: A Review of Five Decades and a Proposal for a Model of Analysis

Comunicar ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (33) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Mellado-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Professional Practice ◽  
Historical Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cultural Value ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
American Journalism ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual

Based on an historical analysis of the last five decades of research, this article analyzes the elements that define the journalism in Latin America. The work is based on the common social structures and the fact that journalism mediates in the construction of reality throughout the region, proposing a model that describes the individual, organizational and social aspects that have influenced the development of the profession. The results indicate that the educational problems linked to both the identity and the autonomy of the profession, the cultural value associated to professional practice, the existence and reach of the Teachers Associations, political and economic peculiarities, and the considerable influence exercised by Europe and the United States, are all aspects that make Latin American journalism different journalism in the rest of the world. Still, despite these similarities, neither a shared conceptualization nor a homologated operationalization of the profession exists in Latin America.En base a un recorrido histórico de las últimas cinco décadas, este artículo analiza los elementos que hoy definen a la profesión periodística en Latinoamérica. El trabajo se sostiene en las estructuras sociales compartidas por la región, así como en la función de mediación que el periodismo cumple en la construcción de la realidad, proponiendo un modelo que describe los aspectos individuales, organizacionales y sociales que han influido en su desarrollo. Se concluye que los problemas de formación vinculados a la identidad y a la autonomía de la profesión, el valor cultural dado a la carrera profesional, la existencia y alcance de los colegios profesionales, las peculiaridades políticas y económicas, y la gran influencia extranjera ejercida por Europa y EEUU, son los aspectos que diferencian al periodismo latinoamericano del resto del mundo. Sin embargo, se plantea la inexistencia de una conceptualización y operacionalización homologada de la profesión en el sub-continente.

scholarly journals A call to arms: time to do cognitive science in Latin America

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Cognitive Psychology ◽  
Cognitive Science ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
World Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Social Organizational ◽  
Research Domains

Previous theoretical reviews about the development of Psychology in Latin America suggest that Latin American psychology has a promising future. This paper empirically checks whether that status remains justified. In so doing, the frequency of programs/research domains in three salient psychological areas is assessed in Latin America and in two other regions of the world. A chi-square statistic is used to analyse the collected data. Programs/research domains and regions of the world are the independent variables and frequency of programs/research domains per world region is the dependent variable. Results suggest that whereas in Latin America the work on Social/Organizational Psychology is moving within expected parameters, there is a rather strong focus on Clinical/Psychoanalytical Psychology. Results also show that Experimental/Cognitive Psychology is much underestimated. In Asia, however, the focus on all areas of psychology seems to be distributed within expected parameters, whereas Europe outperforms regarding Experimental/Cognitive Psychology research. Potential reasons that contribute to Latin Americas situation are discussed and specific solutions are proposed. It is concluded that the scope of Experimental/Cognitive Psychology in Latin America should be broadened into a Cognitive Science research program.

Latin America and the World Economy: Some Observations on External Indebtedness and the International Monetary System

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-339
Author(s):  
Aldo Ferrer
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
World Economy ◽  
International Monetary System ◽  
Import Substitution ◽  
External Debt ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Balance Of Payments ◽  
Adjustment Process ◽  
The World

Since 1973 most of the Latin American countries have experienced deterioration in their balance of payments due to the economic recession in the industrial countries and the oil price increases. The consequent adjustment process has called for stricter regulation of domestic demand and new advances in import substitution. Adjustment was less painful due to access to private financing in the international capital markets which, however, produced a sharp increase in the external debt.This article does not propose to review the recent patterns of external payments, already extensively analyzed in the periodic reports of the UN Economic Commission for Latin America, the International Monetary Fund, and in other studies. Rather, it will attempt to emphasize some long-term changes in the world economy and in Latin America that influence the international participation of the region. It is in this context that the adjustment process of the balance of payments and the external debt should be evaluated.

Human Understanding and Local Interests: Occidentalism and the (Latin) American Argument

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter D. Mignolo
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
World System ◽  
Hierarchical Structures ◽  
The World ◽  
Human Understanding

This chapter outlines a map of the border of the empires whose tensions contributed to the fabrication of a homogeneous notion of Latin America in the colonial horizon of modernity. These conflicting homogeneous entities are part of the imaginary of the modern/colonial world system. They are the grounding of a system of geopolitical values, of racial configurations, and of hierarchical structures of meaning and knowledge. To think “Latin America” otherwise, in its heterogeneity rather than in its homogeneity, in the local histories of changing global designs is not to question a particular form of identification but all national/colonial forms of identification in the modern/colonial world system. These are precisely the forms of identification that contribute to the reproduction of the imaginary of the modern/colonial world system and the coloniality of power and knowledge implicit in the geopolitical articulation of the world.

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