scholarly journals Diversity in Science Education: Its Role in the Development of Latin America in the 21st Century

1997 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assefaw Tewolde
Keyword(s):  
Science Education ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
First Century ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Urban Sector ◽  
The World ◽  
Latin American Countries

Over the next quarter-century, the world's population is expected to grow by an unprecedented 90 million people-the equivalent of Mexico's population in 1995 (IFPRI, 1996). The resulting strain on food supplies, agricultural production, services and the environment will pose enormous challenges to even the most resourceful leaders. However, a growing body of research shows that these challenges can be met provided that well-planned science education and research is in place. That being so, there still is wide variation in the levels of literacy between the different Latin American countries, indicating the differential effect that science education has on the region. This is probably due to the differential investment in science that countries have made over the years. For example, while Costa Rica, Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile are among the countries with the highest literacy rates in South America, there are other countries in the same continent with literacy rates at levels below 75 percent.  Latin America, like the rest of the world, will not escape the challenges of the twenty-first century. These challenges include: an ever increasing concern for environmental conservation and the management of biodiversity; the globalization of the economy; and the increasing need to ensure food security to the growing population in general and particularly to the urban sector. This means that science education must focus on these challenges. In all these, science has had, and will continue to have, significant influence. 

scholarly journals Institutional Reform and Rights Revolutions in Latin America: The Cases of Costa Rica and Colombia

2009 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce M. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
System Design ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Institutional Reform ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
Operating Rules ◽  
High Courts ◽  
The World ◽  
Latin American Countries

This article analyzes the conditions that allowed for expansive rights revolutions in Costa Rica and Colombia. My research suggests that many of the preconditions for rights revolutions in other regions of the world are also central to understanding Latin American cases. Of particular relevance is judicial system design including the high courts’ operating rules concerning access, standing, and judicial formality. These factors can and do mitigate the need for extensive resources and support structures necessary in other non-Latin American countries in which rights revolutions have occurred.

scholarly journals Smoke-Free Air Interventions in Seven Latin American Countries: Health and Financial Impact to Inform Evidence-Based Policy Implementation

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 2149-2157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Bardach ◽  
María Belén Rodríguez ◽  
Agustín Ciapponi ◽  
Federico Augustovski ◽  
Alcaraz Andrea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Tobacco Control ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
World Health ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Free Air ◽  
The World ◽  
Latin American Countries

Abstract Introduction Disease burden due to tobacco smoking in Latin America remains very high. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential impact of implementing smoke-free air interventions on health and cost outcomes in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru, using a mathematical model. Aims and Methods We built a probabilistic Monte Carlo microsimulation model, considering natural history, direct health system costs, and quality of life impairment associated with main tobacco-related diseases. We followed individuals in hypothetical cohorts and calculated health outcomes on an annual basis to obtain aggregated 10-year population health outcomes (deaths and events) and costs. To populate the model, we completed an overview and systematic review of the literature. Also, we calibrated the model comparing the predicted disease-specific mortality rates with those coming from local national statistics. Results With current policies, for the next 10 years, a total of 137 121 deaths and 917 210 events could be averted, adding 3.84 million years of healthy life and saving USD 9.2 billion in these seven countries. If countries fully implemented smoke-free air strategies, it would be possible to avert nearly 180 000 premature deaths and 1.2 million events, adding 5 million healthy years of life and saving USD 13.1 billion in direct healthcare. Conclusions Implementing the smoke-free air strategy would substantially reduce deaths, diseases, and health care costs attributed to smoking. Latin American countries should not delay the full implementation of this strategy. Implications Tobacco smoking is the single most preventable and premature mortality cause in the world. The Framework Convention on Tobacco Control, supported by the World Health Organization, introduced a package of evidence-based measures for tobacco control. This study adds quality evidence on the potential health effects and savings of implementing smoke-free air policies in countries representing almost 80% of the Latin America and the Caribbean population.

The Ecological Century

1982 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Barton Worthington
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Environmental Conservation ◽  
First Century ◽  
Experimental Science ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
The Tropics

The historical perspective is becoming ever more important in scientific research and development—especially in regions of rapid political and social change, such as former colonial empires, where the past is readily forgotten. Therefore this essay attempts to reconstruct the evolution of Ecology as the scientific basis for environmental conservation and human progress, as seen through the eyes of a biologist who has exercised that science during a number of tasks in various parts of the world over most of the twentieth century.From its beginnings in evolutionary thinking during the nineteenth century, ecology emerged from natural history at the beginning of the twentieth. At first the running was made by botanists; but this was soon followed by zoologists, who dealt with more mobile communities. The first quarter-century was mainly exploratory; the second was mainly descriptive (although biological exploration was still dominant in the tropics). The third quarter saw ecology developing into an experimental science, and, as the environmental revolution got into its stride, ecology became organized both nationally and internationally.Although the term is now often misused and sometimes misunderstood by laymen, the last quarter-century is seeing the wide application of ecology in environmental and human affairs, and this gives some assurance that the twenty-first century will not become one of chaos. The Author expresses the hope that experienced practising ecologists will in future give higher priority to applying what they already know than to learning more and more about less and less.

scholarly journals Victims of femicide in Latin America: Legal and criminal justice responses

Temida ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice Joseph
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Gender Based Violence ◽  
The World ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Made In

Despite the progress that women have made in the fight against gender-based violence, it is still prevalent in various countries in the world. For many women in Latin American countries femicide is a constant reality. This paper critically analyzes femicide in Latin American countries and the legal and criminal responses to this crime. The paper defines femicide and discusses the nature and extent of femicide in Latin America. The analysis of this phenomenon in Latin American countries indicates that although some of these countries have made important strides in addressing the problem, they still face challenges in adequately preventing this crime.

scholarly journals The Modern Way to Menstruate in Latin America: Consolidation and Fractures in the Twenty-First Century

2020 ◽  
pp. 813-831
Author(s):  
Eugenia Tarzibachi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
First Century ◽  
Educational Materials ◽  
American Perspective ◽  
The World ◽  
Mainstream Culture

Abstract The introduction of commercialized disposable pads and tampons during the twentieth century changed the experience of the menstrual body in many (but not all) countries of the world. From a Latin-American perspective, this new way to menstruate was also understood to be a sign of modernization. In this chapter, Tarzibachi describes and analyzes how the dissemination and proliferation of disposable pads and tampons have unfolded first in the United States and later in Latin America, with a particular focus on Argentina. She pays particular attention to how the Femcare industry shaped the meanings of the menstrual body through discourses circulated in advertisements and educational materials. Tarzibachi explores how the contemporary meanings of menstruation are contested globally, as the traditional Femcare industry shifts its rhetoric in response to challenges from new menstrual management technologies, new forms of menstrual activism, and the increasing visibility of menstruation in mainstream culture.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the resistance to insecticides in Aedes aegypti, transmitter of dengue, in Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (15) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
Amparo Gabriela Hernández Ramos
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Insecticide Resistance ◽  
Vector Control ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Female Mosquito ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Latin American Countries

Dengue is an infectious disease with high rates of morbidity and mortality, transmitted by the bite of the female mosquito of the genus Aedes aegypti, vector distributed in tropical and subtropical areas throughout the world. America is one of the most affected regions. This vector is controlled through insecticides that due to its constant use in populations, a resistance phenomenon has been produced. The objective of this review is to identify the situation of insecticide resistance in populations of Aedes aegypti in Latin American countries. In this region, several insecticides have been used for vector control; in the last 10 years insecticides of the pyrethroid and organophosphorus group have been used as adulticides for the control of the mosquito, conditioning resistance. Some insecticides such as organophosphates and deltamethrin, despite of not being intensively used in Latin American countries, also show resistance. Improvements in vector control are required, including the rotation of the insecticides during the different seasons, as well as innovating techniques and forms of vector control

Globalization and Labor: Reflections on Contemporary Latin America

2007 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Hershberg
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Structural Adjustment ◽  
Debt Crisis ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Structural Adjustment Programs ◽  
The World ◽  
The Many

As the editors note in their introduction to this special issue of the journal, for more than 500 years, indeed since the conquest, Latin-American economies and societies have been profoundly affected by developments in the world system. Over the past century alone, watershed moments such as the Great Depression of the 1930s and the oil shocks and international debt crisis of the 1970s and 80s, have rocked Latin-American economies, transforming development paradigms and with them the circumstances of the many millions who inhabit the region. Today, a quarter century has passed since Latin-American economies embarked, unevenly yet largely irreversibly, on the path of market-oriented reform. Designed to stimulate growth through insertion into global markets, structural adjustment programs swept Latin America in the wake of the debt crisis and were followed by a panoply of measures that sought an enduring restructuring of economies in the region. The pursuit of these so-called Washington Consensus policies did away with the inward-oriented strategies that had shaped development in the region throughout the postwar period. However reluctantly, Latin America staked its future on a renewed engagement with the world economy, and became a player in the highly contested processes of globalization that are reshaping societies and economies around much of the planet.

Coloniality and Solitude in García Márquez’s Public Speeches and Newspaper Articles

2021 ◽  
pp. 438-454
Author(s):  
Ignacio López-Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Third World ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
First Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Narrative Mode ◽  
Everyday Reality ◽  
Ways Of Being

Gabriel García Márquez’s magical realist narrative mode has been criticized by some scholars and by younger Latin American writers of resorting to a certain tropicalism that exoticizes Latin America as a region where violence and sensuality dominate every aspect of daily life, thus selling a magical Third World underdevelopment full of superstitions, mythical legends, popular folklore, and distortions of time for the Global North’s reading markets that is quite different from everyday reality in the region. Yet whether or not one agrees with this assessment, there is undoubtedly a different image of Latin America when one reads García Márquez’s journalism and public speeches. This article contrasts the author’s novelistic, magical realist image of Latin America in some of his works with the typically more realistic one (there are some exceptions) presented in his speeches collected in the volume I’m Not Here to Give a Speech (2010). Thus, in his 1982 speech “The Solitude of Latin America,” given during his Nobel Prize in Literature acceptance, as well as in his 1995 speeches “Latin America Exists” and “Dreams for the Twenty-First Century,” one finds an anti-Eurocentric stance, in which he demands that Europe try to conceive of Latin America in a different, less paternalistic way. He demands that non-Eurocentric, Latin American worldviews and ways of being in the world be respected in equal terms. Moreover, a sober, realistic denunciation of injustice, infant mortality, disappearance, genocide, imperialism, the abundance of forced exiles and refugees, and other social evils pervades many of these speeches.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN THE CHINESE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY AFTER THE GLOBAL CRISIS AND ITS IMPACTS IN LATIN AMERICA

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Celio Hiratuka
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Trade Flows ◽  
First Century ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
The Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Latin American Countries

ABSTRACT This paper aims to analyze the recent changes in economic relations between Latin American countries and China in the context of the transformations occurred in the latter’s development strategy after the global financial crisis. The text argues that, in relation to the first decade of the twenty-first century, connections linked to FDI, financing flows, and infrastructure projects have been growing in importance and present new challenges to Latin America, which surpass the ones based only on trade flows.

scholarly journals Communication Practitioners’ Perceptions of Big Data and Automation: A Comparative Study between Europe and Latin America

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 29-48
Author(s):  
Markus Wiesenberg ◽  
Angeles Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Big Data ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Communication Management ◽  
The World ◽  
Large Survey ◽  
Latin American Countries

The big data revolution has changed the way organisations operate. The implications have been phenomenal for public relations and communication management professionals who are trying to understand and manage the realm of big data and what it means for them. This study is an attempt to dive deeper into the discussion on how professionals are managing the world of big data. A large survey of European and Latin American countries reveals comparative findings on the knowledge and usage of big data and automation and demonstrates large gaps between the continents. Implications for theory and practice are finally drawn.

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