scholarly journals A Multidiagnostic Intercomparison of Tropical-Width Time Series Using Reanalyses and Satellite Observations

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 1061-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean M. Davis ◽  
Karen H. Rosenlof
Keyword(s):  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Hadley Cell ◽  
Radiosonde Data ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Robust Detection ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Yield Trends ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract Poleward migration of the latitudinal edge of the tropics of 0.25°–3.0° decade−1 has been reported in several recent studies based on satellite and radiosonde data and reanalysis output covering the past ~30 yr. The goal of this paper is to identify the extent to which this large range of trends can be explained by the use of different data sources, time periods, and edge definitions, as well as how the widening varies as a function of hemisphere and season. Toward this end, a suite of tropical edge latitude diagnostics based on tropopause height, winds, precipitation–evaporation, and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) are analyzed using several reanalyses and satellite datasets. These diagnostics include both previously used definitions and new definitions designed for more robust detection. The wide range of widening trends is shown to be primarily due to the use of different datasets and edge definitions and only secondarily due to varying start–end dates. This study also shows that the large trends (>~1° decade−1) previously reported in tropopause and OLR diagnostics are due to the use of subjective definitions based on absolute thresholds. Statistically significant Hadley cell expansion based on the mean meridional streamfunction of 1.0°–1.5° decade−1 is found in three of four reanalyses that cover the full time period (1979–2009), whereas other diagnostics yield trends of −0.5°–0.8° decade−1 that are mostly insignificant. There are indications of hemispheric and seasonal differences in the trends, but the differences are not statistically significant.

Assessing the sustainability of yellow anaconda (Eunectes notaeus) harvest in northeastern Argentina

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Camera ◽  
Christine Stüssmann ◽  
Itxaso Quintana ◽  
Tomás Waller ◽  
Mariano Barros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Gradual Reduction ◽  
Hunting Season ◽  
Time Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Northeastern Argentina

Abstract Sustainable wildlife management is required to guarantee source species viability; however, it is practiced rarely in the tropics. The yellow anaconda (Eunectes notaeus) has a long history of being harvested for its leather. Since 2002 its harvest has operated under a management program in northeastern Argentina, which relies on adaptive management through limiting the minimum anaconda length, number of hunters and restricting the hunting season. We investigated the effects of the anaconda harvest on its biological parameters based on 2002-2016 data. Here we show that the levels of species exploitation are sustainable. The gradual reduction in the annual hunting effort, due to a decrease in number of hunters and hunting season duration, reduced the total number of anacondas harvested. Conversely, captures per unit effort increased across the study time-period. There was no variation in the mean length of anacondas harvested, or in largest anaconda sizes. Though more females than males were caught, the sex ratio did not vary significantly. We also found that a decrease in mean temperature positively influenced anaconda harvest and the captures of giant individuals. Because sustainable use is a powerful tool for conservation, those discoveries are highly applicable to other species and regions.

scholarly journals Liaison psychiatry continues to expand: developing services in the British Isles

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 339-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine Swift ◽  
Else Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
Local Development ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Liaison Psychiatry ◽  
Specialist Registrar ◽  
Current State ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Uk

Aims and MethodA postal survey of consultants in liaison psychiatry was carried out in the spring of 2002 to document the current state of liaison psychiatry in the UK and the Republic of Ireland. Information was collected on post specifications, clinical organisation and plans for further local development.ResultsNinety-three liaison consultants were identified. Seventy-seven posts were full-time or half-time, compared with 43 such posts in 1996. During the same time period, specialist registrar training posts have doubled from 30 to 61. A third of respondents anticipated further consultant posts in their region.Clinical ImplicationsDespite the increase in the number of liaison consultants since 1996, the numbers still fall below that recommended by the Royal College of Psychiatrists. Liaison consultants need to improve links with primary care and continue to develop specialised services to demonstrate the qualitative and financial benefits that liaison psychiatry has to offer to a wide range of patients.

scholarly journals Liaison psychiatry continues to expand: developing services in the British Isles

2003 ◽  
Vol 27 (09) ◽  
pp. 339-341 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine Swift ◽  
Else Guthrie
Keyword(s):  
Local Development ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Liaison Psychiatry ◽  
Specialist Registrar ◽  
Current State ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Uk

Aims and Method A postal survey of consultants in liaison psychiatry was carried out in the spring of 2002 to document the current state of liaison psychiatry in the UK and the Republic of Ireland. Information was collected on post specifications, clinical organisation and plans for further local development. Results Ninety-three liaison consultants were identified. Seventy-seven posts were full-time or half-time, compared with 43 such posts in 1996. During the same time period, specialist registrar training posts have doubled from 30 to 61. A third of respondents anticipated further consultant posts in their region. Clinical Implications Despite the increase in the number of liaison consultants since 1996, the numbers still fall below that recommended by the Royal College of Psychiatrists. Liaison consultants need to improve links with primary care and continue to develop specialised services to demonstrate the qualitative and financial benefits that liaison psychiatry has to offer to a wide range of patients.

scholarly journals Revisiting the Relationship among Metrics of Tropical Expansion

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (18) ◽  
pp. 7565-7581 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Waugh ◽  
K. M. Grise ◽  
W. J. M. Seviour ◽  
S. M. Davis ◽  
N. Davis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Models ◽  
Longwave Radiation ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Hadley Cell ◽  
Subtropical High ◽  
Coupled Climate Models ◽  
Dry Zone ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
The Relationship

There is mounting evidence that the width of the tropics has increased over the last few decades, but there are large differences in reported expansion rates. This is, likely, in part due to the wide variety of metrics that have been used to define the tropical width. Here we perform a systematic investigation into the relationship among nine metrics of the zonal-mean tropical width using preindustrial control and abrupt quadrupling of CO2 simulations from a suite of coupled climate models. It is shown that the latitudes of the edge of the Hadley cell, the midlatitude eddy-driven jet, the edge of the subtropical dry zones, and the Southern Hemisphere subtropical high covary interannually and exhibit similar long-term responses to a quadrupling of CO2. However, metrics based on the outgoing longwave radiation, the position of the subtropical jet, the break in the tropopause, and the Northern Hemisphere subtropical high have very weak covariations with the above metrics and/or respond differently to increases in CO2 and thus are not good indicators of the expansion of the Hadley cell or subtropical dry zone. The differing variability and responses to increases in CO2 among metrics highlights that care is needed when choosing metrics for studies of the width of the tropics and that it is important to make sure the metric used is appropriate for the specific phenomena and impacts being examined.

scholarly journals Research Note:Derivation of temperature lapse rates in semi-arid south-eastern Arizona

2004 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1179-1185 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. C. Harlow ◽  
E. J. Burke ◽  
R. L. Scott ◽  
W. J. Shuttleworth ◽  
C. M. Brown ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regional Scale ◽  
Basin And Range ◽  
Lapse Rate ◽  
Radiosonde Data ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Lapse Rates ◽  
Semi Arid

Abstract. Ecological and hydrological modelling at the regional scale requires distributed information on weather variables, and temperature is important among these. In an area of basin and range topography with a wide range of elevations, such as south-eastern Arizona, measurements are usually available only at a relatively small number of locations and elevations, and temperatures elsewhere must be estimated from atmospheric lapse rate. This paper derives the lapse rates to estimate maximum, minimum and mean daily temperatures from elevation. Lapse rates were calculated using air temperatures at 2 m collected during 2002 at 18 locations across south-eastern Arizona, with elevations from 779 to 2512 m. The lapse rate predicted for the minimum temperature was lower than the mean environmental lapse rate (MELR), i.e. 6 K km–1, whereas those predicted for the mean and maximum daily temperature were very similar to the MELR. Lapse rates were also derived from radiosonde data at 00 and 12 UTC (5 pm and 5 am local time, respectively). The lapse rates calculated from radiosonde data were greater than those from the 2 m measurements, presumably because the effect of the surface was less. Given temperatures measured at Tucson airport, temperatures at the other sites were predicted using the different estimates of lapse rates. The best predictions of temperatures used the locally predicted lapse rates. In the case of maximum and mean temperature, using the MELR also resulted in accurate predictions. Keywords: near surface lapse rates, semi-arid climate, mean minimum and maximum temperatures, basin and range topography

Natural hybridization between Populusalba L. and the native aspens in southeastern Michigan

1982 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 653-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Spies ◽  
Burton V. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Plant Succession ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
White Poplar ◽  
Abundance Pattern ◽  
Native North American ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Moisture Regimes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Mean

The objective of the study was to determine the abundance, pattern of occurrence, and ecology of natural hybrids between the introduced European white poplar, Populusalba L., and the native North American aspens, Populusgrandidentata Michx. and P. tremuloides Michx., in southeastern Michigan. A systematic search was made for P. alba and its hybrids in parts of Washtenaw, Livingston, and Jackson counties. Twenty-seven P. alba clones were located; all were female. Forty-one hybrids between P. alba and P. grandidentata and two hybrids between P. alba and P. tremuloides were located. The mean density of all hybrids was one per 898 ha. Eighty-one percent of the hybrids occurred in groups of two or more and 91% were located within 1.6 km of a P. alba tree. Hybrids occurred exclusively on disturbed sites and across a wide range of moisture regimes. Most hybrids became established between 1930 and 1945, a time period when many farms were abandoned in southeastern Michigan. No effective phenological barrier to continued hybridization or backcrossing was found. The absence of hybrid establishment in the last 30 years was attributed to reduction of suitable seed germination sites in the vicinities of P. alba trees due to reduced human activity and progressing plant succession.

Evaluating a Part-Time Degree Programme in Psychology

2005 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 108-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Harrop ◽  
Andy Tattersall ◽  
Jennie Cairns
Keyword(s):  
First Year ◽  
Final Examination ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Applied Psychology ◽  
Degree Programme ◽  
Educational Backgrounds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Part Time Students ◽  
Part Time ◽  
The Mean

University records were examined for the 91 part-time students who entered Liverpool John Moores University between 1992 and 1994 to study psychology. The records showed 35 had achieved a BSc Hons Applied Psychology degree and 12 others had reached the level for intermediate awards although only two of these had so far claimed their awards. Despite the wide range of educational backgrounds, which included a number of students without formal qualifications, the mean and the standard deviations of the final examination marks of the part-time students were virtually indistinguishable from those of the full-time students. Withdrawal from the programme had occurred predominantly in the first year. Some implications of these findings are discussed.

First validation results of the new TROPOMI/S5P Total Column Water Vapor product using AERONET ground-based measurements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Garane ◽  
Ka Lok Chan ◽  
Maria Elissavet Koukouli ◽  
Diego Loyola ◽  
Dimitris Balis
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
New Product ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Blue Wavelength ◽  
Mass Factor ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Tropics ◽  
Total Column

<p>The very important role of water vapor on the greenhouse effect makes it a species that needs to be continuously and globally monitored, as well as thoroughly studied. The TROPOMI/S5P Total Column Water Vapor (TCWV) is a new product retrieved from the blue wavelength band (435 –455nm), using an algorithm that was originally developed for GOME-2. The algorithm is based on the DOAS technic and is separately presented in this session*.</p><p>The TROPOMI/S5P TCWV product is available for the time period May 2018 to August 2020, almost 2.5 years. For the validation purposes of this work, the co-located precipitable water Level 2.0 (quality-assured) measurements from the NASA AERONET (AErosol RObotic NETwork) were used. The network uses CIMEL sunphotometers located at about 1300 stations globally to monitor precipitable water, among other products. The two datasets, satellite and ground-based, were co-located and the percentage differences of the comparisons were calculated and statistically analyzed. The correlation coefficient of the two products is found to be 0.9 and the mean bias of the relative percentage differences is of the order of 2% for the mid-latitudes and the tropics but increases close to the poles. The effect of various influence quantities, such as air mass factor, solar zenith angle, clouds and albedo are also studied.</p><p>*see the respective abstract by Ka Lok Chan (EGU21-2673)</p>

Stability and Change in Emotional Intelligence: Exploring the Transition to Young Adulthood

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 100-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D.A. Parker ◽  
Donald H. Saklofske ◽  
Laura M. Wood ◽  
Jennifer M. Eastabrook ◽  
Robyn N. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Postsecondary Education ◽  
Life Transition ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Long Term Stability ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Transition From High School

Abstract. The concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has attracted growing interest from researchers working in various fields. The present study examined the long-term stability (32 months) of EI-related abilities over the course of a major life transition (the transition from high school to university). During the first week of full-time study, a large group of undergraduates completed the EQ-i:Short; 32 months later a random subset of these students (N = 238), who had started their postsecondary education within 24 months of graduating from high school, completed the measures for a second time. The study found EI scores to be relatively stable over the 32-month time period. EI scores were also found to be significantly higher at Time 2; the overall pattern of change in EI-levels was more than can be attributed to the increased age of the participants.

A Comparison of Physiological Demand between Self-Propelled and Motorized Treadmill Exercise

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
Todd Backes ◽  
Charlene Takacs
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽  
Treadmill Exercise ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Self ◽  
Mixing Chamber ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Computer Controlled

There are a wide range of options for individuals to choose from in order to engage in aerobic exercise; from outdoor running to computer controlled and self-propelled treadmills. Recently, self-propelled treadmills have increased in popularity and provide an alternative to a motorized treadmill. Twenty subjects (10 men, 10 women) ranging in age from 19-23 with a mean of 20.4 ± 0.8 SD were participants in this study. The subjects visited the laboratory on three occasions. The purpose of the first visit was to familiarize the subject with the self-propelled treadmill (Woodway Curve 3.0). The second visit, subjects were instructed to run on the self-propelled treadmill for 3km at a self-determined pace. Speed data were collected directly from the self-propelled treadmill. The third visit used speed data collected during the self-propelled treadmill run to create an identically paced 3km run for the subjects to perform on a motorized treadmill (COSMED T150). During both the second and third visit, oxygen consumption (VO2) and respiratory exchange ratio (R) data were collected with COSMED’s Quark cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) metabolic mixing chamber system. The VO2 mean value for the self-propelled treadmill (44.90 ± 1.65 SE ml/kg/min) was significantly greater than the motorized treadmill (34.38 ± 1.39 SE ml/kg/min). The mean R value for the self-propelled treadmill (0.91 ± 0.01 SE) was significantly greater than the motorized treadmill (0.86 ± 0.01 SE). Our study demonstrated that a 3km run on a self-propelled treadmill does elicit a greater physiological response than a 3km run at on a standard motorized treadmill. Self-propelled treadmills provide a mode of exercise that offers increased training loads and should be considered as an alternative to motorized treadmills.

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