scholarly journals ENSO and Short-Term Variability of the South Equatorial Current Entering the Coral Sea

2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 956-969 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Kessler ◽  
Sophie Cravatte
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Current Transport ◽  
Short Term ◽  
South Equatorial Current ◽  
Section Data ◽  
Simple Index ◽  
Coral Sea ◽  
Equatorial Current

Abstract Historical section data extending to 1985 are used to estimate the interannual variability of transport entering the Coral Sea between New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands. Typical magnitudes of this variability are ±5–8 Sv (Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) in the 0–400-m layer relative to 400 m, and ±8–12 Sv in the 0–2000-m layer relative to 2000 m, on a mean of close to −30 Sv (relative to 2000 m). Transport increases a few months after an El Niño event and decreases following a La Niña. Interannual transport variability is well simulated by a reduced-gravity long Rossby wave model. Vigorous westward-propagating mesoscale eddies can yield substantial aliasing on individual ship or glider surveys. Since transport variability is surface intensified and well correlated with satellite-derived surface geostrophic currents, a simple index of South Equatorial Current transport based on satellite altimetry is developed.

scholarly journals Bifurcation of the Subtropical South Equatorial Current against New Caledonia in December 2004 from a Hydrographic Inverse Box Model*

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (9) ◽  
pp. 2072-2084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Ganachaud ◽  
Lionel Gourdeau ◽  
William Kessler
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Islands ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
South Pacific ◽  
Ocean Dynamics ◽  
Box Model ◽  
Boundary Current ◽  
The South ◽  
South Equatorial Current ◽  
The North ◽  
Equatorial Current

Abstract The South Equatorial Current (SEC), the westward branch of the South Pacific subtropical gyre, extends from the equator to 30°S at depth. Linear ocean dynamics predict that the SEC forms boundary currents on the eastern coasts of the South Pacific islands it encounters. Those currents would then detach at the northern and southern tips of the islands, and cross the Coral Sea in the form of jets. The Fiji Islands, the Vanuatu archipelago, and New Caledonia are the major topographic obstacles on the SEC pathway to the Australian coast. Large-scale numerical studies, as well as climatologies, suggest the formation of three jets in their lee: the north Vanuatu jet (NVJ), the north Caledonian jet (NCJ), and the south Caledonian jet (SCJ), implying a bifurcation against the east coast of each island. The flow observed during the SECALIS-2 cruise in December 2004 between Vanuatu and New Caledonia is presented herein. An inverse box model is used to provide quantitative transport estimates with uncertainties and to infer the pathways and boundary current formation. For that particular month, the 0–2000-m SEC inflow was found to be 20 ± 4 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) between Vanuatu and New Caledonia. Of that, 6 ± 2 Sv bifurcated to the south in a boundary current against the New Caledonia coast (the Vauban Current), and the remainder exited north of New Caledonia, feeding the NCJ. The flow is comparable both above and below the thermocline, while complex topography, associated with oceanic eddy generation, introduces several recirculation features. To the north, the NCJ, which extends down to 1500 m, was fed not only by the SEC inflow, but also by waters coming from the north, which have possibly been recirculated. To the south, a westward current rounds the tip of New Caledonia. A numerical simulation suggests a partial continuity with the deep extension of the Vauban Current (this current would then be the SCJ) while the hydrographic sections are too distant to confirm such continuity.

Coral Sea flow budgets in winter

1973 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
PD Scully-Power
Keyword(s):  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Volume Transport ◽  
Source Water ◽  
Equatorial Undercurrent ◽  
North West ◽  
Geostrophic Balance ◽  
The North ◽  
Coral Sea ◽  
Anticyclonic Eddies

Winter cruises in the Coral Sea indicate very little southerly volume transport a across 20�S. Most of the inflow from the east between New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands leaves the area between these islands and New Guinea. This outflow is considered to form a major source water for the lower cell of the Equatorial Undercurrent (Cromwell Current) which is in geostrophic balance. South of 20°S., the East Australian Current is postulated to be a series of southward meandering anticyclonic eddies near the edge of the continental shelf. In the north-west Coral Sea there is high variability of volume transport both in strength and direction, and no regular pattern can be discerned.

scholarly journals Zonal Jets Entering the Coral Sea

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 715-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lionel Gourdeau ◽  
William S. Kessler ◽  
Russ E. Davis ◽  
Jeff Sherman ◽  
Christophe Maes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Autonomous Underwater Vehicle ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Western Boundary ◽  
Boundary Current ◽  
Zonal Jets ◽  
Coral Sea ◽  
High Horizontal Resolution

Abstract The South Equatorial Current (SEC) entering the Coral Sea through the gap between New Caledonia and the Solomon Islands was observed by an autonomous underwater vehicle (Spray glider) and an overlapping oceanographic cruise during July–October 2005. The measurements of temperature, salinity, and absolute velocity included high-horizontal-resolution profiles to 600-m depth by the glider, and sparser, 2000-m-deep profiles from the cruise. These observations confirm the splitting of the SEC into a North Vanuatu Jet (NVJ) and North Caledonian Jet (NCJ), with transport above 600 m of about 20 and 12 Sv, respectively. While the 300-km-wide NVJ is associated with the slope of the main thermocline and is thus found primarily above 300 m, the NCJ is a narrow jet about 100 km wide just at the edge of the New Caledonian reef. It extends to at least a 1500-m depth with very little shear above 600 m and has speeds of more than 20 cm s−1 to at least 1000 m. An Argo float launched east of New Caledonia with a parking depth fixed at 1000 m became embedded in the NCJ and crossed the glider/cruise section at high speed about 3 months before the glider, suggesting that the jet is the continuation of a western boundary current along the east side of the island and extends across the Coral Sea to the coast of Australia. In the lee of New Caledonia, the glider passed through a region of eddies whose characteristics are poorly understood.

scholarly journals Long and Short-Term Simulations of Seto Inland Sea by Coupled Ocean-Wave Model

2013 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. I_511-I_515
Author(s):  
Yusuke TANAKA ◽  
Nobuhito MORI ◽  
Junichi NINOMIYA ◽  
Koichi SUGIMATSU ◽  
Hiroshi YAGI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wave Model ◽  
Ocean Wave ◽  
Seto Inland Sea ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Ocean Wave Model

scholarly journals The use of a ‘first-wave’ model to study the effect of nutrition on ovarian follicular dynamics and ovulation rate in the sheep

Reproduction ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 140 (6) ◽  
pp. 865-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Viñoles ◽  
B Paganoni ◽  
K M M Glover ◽  
J T B Milton ◽  
D Blache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
Wave Model ◽  
Ovulation Rate ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Metabolic Hormones ◽  
Follicular Waves ◽  
Follicular Wave ◽  
The Third ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Follicular Dynamics

We have developed an experimental model in which groups of ewes are simultaneously experiencing the first ovarian follicular wave of their oestrous cycle. We used this ‘first-wave model’ in a 2×2 factorial experiment (ten ewes per group) to study the effect of body condition (BC) and a short-term supplement on follicular dynamics and ovulation rate. The ‘first-wave’ was established by giving ewes three injections of prostaglandin (PG), 7 days apart. The 6-day supplement (lupin grain) began 2 days after the second PG injection and continued until the third. Follicles were studied by ultrasound, and blood was sampled to measure glucose and hormones. The supplement increased (P<0.01) the concentrations of glucose, insulin and leptin, decreased FSH concentrations (P<0.01) and tended to increase oestradiol concentrations (P=0.06). The supplement tended to increase the number of 3 mm follicles (P=0.06). Compared with low-BC ewes, high-BC ewes had more follicular waves (P<0.05), higher concentrations of insulin, leptin and IGF1 (P<0.05) and tended to have higher FSH concentrations (P=0.09). Leptin and insulin concentrations remained high until the end of supplementation in high-BC ewes, whereas they decreased after the third day of supplementation in low-BC ewes. In conclusion, high concentrations of metabolic hormones in fat ewes are associated with the development of more follicular waves. When a supplement is superimposed on this situation, changes in glucose and metabolic hormones allow more follicles to be selected to ovulate.

Do researchers impact their study populations? Assessing the effect of field procedures in a long term population monitoring of sea kraits

2012 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 365-372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Fauvel ◽  
François Brischoux ◽  
Marine Jeanne Briand ◽  
Xavier Bonnet
Keyword(s):  
Body Condition ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Stress Hormones ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Monitoring ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Head Morphology

Long term population monitoring is essential to ecological studies; however, field procedures may disturb individuals. Assessing this topic is important in worldwide declining taxa such as reptiles. Previous studies focussed on animal welfare issues and examined short-term effects (e.g. increase of stress hormones due to handling). Long-term effects with possible consequences at the population level remain poorly investigated. In the present study, we evaluated the effects of widely used field procedures (e.g. handling, marking, forced regurgitation) both on short-term (hormonal stress response) and on long-term (changes in body condition, survival) scales in two intensively monitored populations of sea kraits (Laticauda spp.) in New Caledonia. Focusing on the most intensively monitored sites, from 2002 to 2012, we gathered approximately 11 200 captures/recaptures on 4500 individuals. Each snake was individually marked (scale clipping + branding) and subjected to various measurements (e.g. body size, head morphology, palpation). In addition, a subsample of more than 500 snakes was forced to regurgitate their prey for dietary analyses. Handling caused a significant stress hormonal response, however we found no detrimental long-term effect on body condition. Forced regurgitation did not cause any significant effect on both body condition one year later and survival. These results suggest that the strong short-term stress provoked by field procedures did not translate into negative effects on the population. Although similar analyses are required to test the validity of our conclusions in other species, our results suggest distinguishing welfare and population issues to evaluate the potential impact of population surveys.

Introduction

1969 ◽  
Vol 255 (800) ◽  
pp. 187-188 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Royal Society ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Research Committee ◽  
Plant Geography ◽  
Late Professor ◽  
Southern Zone ◽  
Geological Setting ◽  
Plant Life ◽  
General Field

We have come to hear on these three days from as many members of the Expedition as we could assemble the results of their work in the Solomon Islands. We have the pleasure, also, in looking forward to contributions from six other scientists who, though not Expedition members, have independently added much to the exploration and study of the Solomons. We hope to enjoy the first occasion for a lengthy biogeographical discussion about the islands. This was the purpose of the Expedition set by its originator, the late Professor Carl Pantin, when he was chairman of the Southern Zone Research Committee. We owe to him and to the generosity of the Royal Society the grand opportunity we have had to visit those beautiful islands, to have explored them according to our predilections, and to be gathered here in such hospitality. Professor Pantin decided that the zoological side should be confined to marine and land invertebrata, being the groups most likely to assist in evaluating the geological connexions of the islands. To increase this aspect, and to test the results, we have the contribution by Professor Cain on the birds and of Dr Torben Wolff on the zoology of Rennell Island, which the Expedition was unable to visit. A geological setting has been prepared by Dr Thompson, which in his absence will be read by Dr Allum, who has himself investigated the occurrence and nature of faulting, particularly on Guadalcanal. Pantin left the botanists to decide for themselves and they have covered most groups of plant life, from the sea, where Dr Womersley and his assistant studied the seaweeds, to the totality of the land-flora excepting the microscopic algae and fungi. But we botanists have also invited Dr Thorne to inform to us on the remarkable differences between New Caledonia and the Solomons, as great as the differences between the British and Japanese floras, yet so much closer together. And we have invited Professor Good to put our findings in the general field of Melanesian and Malaysian plant-geography. Our sixth outside contribution is from Dr Brookfield on the new field of climatology in the Solomons. Regrettably, neither Dr Brookfield nor Dr Thorne is able to be with us.

Mycosphaerella cruenta. [Distribution map].

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
French Polynesia ◽  
American Samoa ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Brunei Darussalam

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Mycosphaerella cruenta Latham. Ascomycota: Capnodiales. Hosts: beans (Phaseolus sp.) and cowpea (Vigna sp.). Information is given on the geographical distribution in Asia (Bangladesh; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei, Henan, Hong Kong, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu,, Jiangxi, Jilin, Nei Menggu, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan and Zhejiang, China; Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Madhya Pradesh, Manipur, Orissa, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal, India; Java and Sumatra, Indonesia; Iran; Iraq; Japan; Korea Republic; Peninsular Malaysia, Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia; Myanmar; Oman; Pakistan; Philippines; Saudi Arabia; Singapore; Sri Lanka; Taiwan; Thailand; and Vietnam), Africa (Angola, Egypt, Ethiopia, Ghana, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda and Zambia), North America (Mexico, and Alabama, Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia and Wisconsin, USA), Central America and Caribbean (Barbados, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, and United States Virgin Islands), South America (Argentina; Bolivia; Bahia, Ceara, Minas Gerais and Para, Brazil; Colombia; Guyana; Suriname; and Venezuela) and Oceania (American Samoa; Queensland, Australia; Fiji; French Polynesia; Nauru; New Caledonia; Papua new Guinea; Samoa; Solomon Islands; and Tonga).

Elsinoe batatas. [Distribution map].

1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Ipomoea Batatas ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Caroline Islands ◽  
New Hebrides ◽  
New Britain ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Elsinoe batatas (Saw.) Viegas & Jenkins. Hosts: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas). Information is given on the geographical distribution in ASIA, Brunei, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Taiwan, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Caroline Islands, Fiji, Guadalcanal, Guam, New Britain, New Caledonia, New Hebrides, Papua New Guinea, Solomon Islands, Tonga, NORTH AMERICA, Mexico, SOUTH AMERICA, Brazil (Sao Paulo, Bahia, Campinas, Algoinhas, Rio Grande).

Mycosphaerella berkeleyi. [Distribution map].

1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Leone ◽  
West Indies ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
New South ◽  
Solomon Islands ◽  
Peninsular Malaysia ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
South Wales ◽  
New Distribution

Abstract A new distribution map is provided for Mycosphaerella berkeleyi Jenkins. Hosts: Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea). Information is given on the geographical distribution in AFRICA, Angola, Cameroon, Chad, Congo, Dahomey, Egypt, Ethiopia, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Ivory Coast, Kenya, Libya, Malagasy Republic, Malawi, Mauritius, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Rhodesia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Africa, Sudan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Zaire, Zambia, ASIA, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Brunei, Burma, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, India (general), Indonesia (Java), Iran, Iraq, Israel, Japan, Korea, Laos, Peninsular Malaysia (Sabah, Sarawak), Nepal, Pakistan, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Timor, Turkey, USSR (Republic of Georgia), Vietnam, AUSTRALASIA & OCEANIA, Australia (New South Wales, Qd), British Solomon Islands, Fiji, Guam, Hawaii, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea, Tahiti, Tonga, West Irian, EUROPE, Greece, Spain, NORTH AMERICA, Bermuda, Mexico, USA, CENTRAL AMERICA & WEST INDIES, Antilles, Barbados, Cuba, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Nicaragua, Panama, Puerto Rico, Salvador, St. Vincent, Trinidad & Tobago, SOUTH AMERICA, Argentina (Cordoba), Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul), Colombia, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Uruguay, Venezuela.

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