Assessing Real-Time Tornado Information Disseminated through NWS Products

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 591-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott F. Blair ◽  
Jared W. Leighton
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
End User ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
The Public ◽  
Warning Message ◽  
Degree Of Certainty ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Real-time confirmation of a tornado specified in National Weather Service (NWS) warnings and statements is believed to increase the credibility and urgency of these critical warning messages for the end user, because it represents the greatest degree of certainty that the hazard exists. This timely tornado information disseminated in official NWS products and relayed through multiple sources by private and public partners may help the public believe, personalize, confirm, and respond to the warning message. This is the first study to explicitly assess the frequency of real-time confirmation of ongoing tornadoes within NWS products and explore what unique conditions may facilitate or hinder this process. Tornado reports and their respective NWS warnings and statements during a 5-yr period from 2007 to 2011 across the central contiguous United States were compiled and examined. Overall, 40% of tornadoes were confirmed in NWS products in real time. Increasing tornado pathlength, duration, and intensity subsequently resulted in an increasing likelihood of real-time confirmation prior to the tornado dissipating. The time of day was a factor; nighttime tornadoes were 20% less likely to receive real-time confirmation than daytime events. Additionally, increasing tornado forecast risk in products issued by the Storm Prediction Center corresponded to an increasing likelihood of real-time confirmation. Analysis of these data reveals specific scenarios when tornadoes are more or less likely to be reported in real time, providing some guidance for when timely ground-truth information may or may not be available.

scholarly journals Neither Denied nor Exposed: Fixing WebRTC Privacy Leaks

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Alexandros Fakis ◽  
Georgios Karopoulos ◽  
Georgios Kambourakis
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Network Architecture ◽  
Local Network ◽  
End User ◽  
Worst Case ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The Public ◽  
Browser Extension ◽  
Address Translation ◽  
Private And Public

To establish peer-to-peer connections and achieve real-time web-based communication, the Web Real-Time Communication (WebRTC) framework requires address information of the communicating peers. This means that users behind, say, Network Address Translation (NAT) or firewalls normally rely on the Interactive Connectivity Establishment (ICE) framework for the sake of negotiating information about the connection and media transferring. This typically involves Session Traversal Utilities for NAT (STUN)/Traversal using Relays around NAT (TURN) servers, which assist the peers with discovering each other’s private and public IP:port, and relay traffic if direct connection fails. Nevertheless, these IP:port pieces of data can be easily captured by anyone who controls the corresponding STUN/TURN server, and even more become readily available to the JavaScript application running on the webpage. While this is acceptable for a user that deliberately initiates a WebRTC connection, it becomes a worrisome privacy issue for those being unaware that such a connection is attempted. Furthermore, the application acquires more information about the local network architecture compared to what is exposed in usual HTTP interactions, where only the public IP is visible. Even though this problem is well-known in the related literature, no practical solution has been proposed so far. To this end, and for the sake of detecting and preventing in real time the execution of STUN/TURN clandestine, privacy-invading requests, we introduce two different kinds of solutions: (a) a browser extension, and (b) an HTTP gateway, implemented in C++ as well as in Golang. Both solutions detect any WebRTC API call before it happens and inform accordingly the end-user about the webpage’s intentions. We meticulously evaluate the proposed schemes in terms of performance and demonstrate that, even in the worst case, the latency introduced is tolerable.

scholarly journals Beyond the Public-Private Nexus

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-46
Author(s):  
Walter Balser ◽  
Hardin Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Education Reform ◽  
Public Funding ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
The Public ◽  
Business Partnership ◽  
School Based ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Contemporary Context ◽  
New Framework ◽  
At Will

Increasingly, school-based partnerships have been tied to education reform and the entrance of private capital into the PK-12 space, most prominently from a philanthropy sector that contributes nearly $60 billion annually to education causes.  As a result, what may have been an at-will school-business partnership in the 1980s may today resemble an embedded multi-partner arrangement around professional development, teacher evaluation, or turnaround support. In this paper, a new framework is introduced to situate school-based collaborations in a contemporary context, notably acknowledging that schools today live in a new “blended capital” reality involving diverse sector influences, multiple sources of private and public funding, and therefore multiple measures of efficacy and accountability.

Method for the Annual Accuracy Assessment of Freeway Travel Time Systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 365-383
Author(s):  
Ryan N. Fries ◽  
Md. Toushik Ahmed Niloy ◽  
Mashrur A. Chowdhury ◽  
Antoun Fadoul
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Accuracy Assessment ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Department Of Transportation ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
Traveler Information ◽  
The Public ◽  
Time Systems ◽  
Time Information

Motivated by Title 23 Code of Federal Regulation 511, the U.S. Department of Transportation has recently established real-time systems management information programs to improve the consistency of traveler information provided to the public. Part of these requirements is to review the quality of the information provided to the public. Because limited information is available about current practices for meeting this new regulation, this article presents a method of evaluating real-time travel time information along metropolitan interstate freeways in the context of 23 CFR (Code of Federal Regulations) 511. This article presents a method and a case study of collecting travel time information from multiple sources (such as Google Maps and TravelMidwest.com ) and comparing them to measure accuracy. The findings suggested that the travel time information in the Chicago, Illinois, metropolitan area meets the accuracy requirements of 23 CFR 511, and this study has identified areas for future improvement and system expansion.

STRATEGY OF LIBERALIZATION AND PROBLEMS OF STATE REGULATION OF AZERBAIJAN ECONOMY

2019 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-151
Author(s):  
G. Z. Yuzbashieva ◽  
A. M. Mustafayev ◽  
R. A. Imanov
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
State Regulation ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Sectoral Development ◽  
Market Relations

The indicators that determine the change in the macroeconomic situation in the economy of Azerbaijan in 2010–2017, as well as the conditions for increasing the effectiveness of state intervention in solving economic problems are analyzed. It is noted that it is not the size of the public sector that becomes important, but its qualitative component (management and redistribution of resources and revenues, coordination of government intervention in economic relations). The main reasons limiting economic growth are identified, and the mechanisms for overcoming them are disclosed, since economic growth is of particular importance in the transformational period of state development. It substantiates the assertion that the forms and methods of state regulation should be the result of a reasonable combination of the private and public sectors of the economy to more effectively achieve the goal of economic development of the country and increase the welfare of the population. To this end, it is advisable to limit the actions of market forces and find a rational ratio of market and government measures that stimulate economic growth and development.It is shown that in the near future the development of the economy of Azerbaijan should be focused on the transition to the integration of various models of economic transformation; at the same time, “attraction of investments” should be carried out by methods of stimulating consumption, and the concept of a socially oriented economy, which the state also implements, should prevail, thereby ensuring social protection of the population and at the same time developing market relations. Disproportions in regional and sectoral development are also noted, which are the result of an ineffective distribution of goods produced, inadequate investment in human capital, a low level of coordination and stimulation of economic growth and development.

Design of Portable Electrocardiograph Monitoring System

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia Hua-Ping ◽  
Zhao Jun-Long ◽  
Liu Jun
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
P Wave ◽  
Ecg Monitoring ◽  
The Public ◽  
Ecg Signals ◽  
Early Warning Mechanism ◽  
Timely Treatment ◽  
Ecg Data

Cardiovascular disease is one of the major diseases that threaten the human health. But the existing electrocardiograph (ECG) monitoring system has many limitations in practical application. In order to monitor ECG in real time, a portable ECG monitoring system based on the Android platform is developed to meet the needs of the public. The system uses BMD101 ECG chip to collect and process ECG signals in the Android system, where data storage and waveform display of ECG data can be realized. The Bluetooth HC-07 module is used for ECG data transmission. The abnormal ECG can be judged by P wave, QRS bandwidth, and RR interval. If abnormal ECG is found, an early warning mechanism will be activated to locate the user’s location in real time and send preset short messages, so that the user can get timely treatment, avoiding dangerous occurrence. The monitoring system is convenient and portable, which brings great convenie to the life of ordinary cardiovascular users.

REAL CONDITION AND PROSPECTS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE RADAR STATIONS OF THE COUNTER BATTERY FIGHTINGV

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 30-40
Author(s):  
V. Нolovan ◽  
V. Gerasimov ◽  
А. Нolovan ◽  
N. Maslich
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Current Position ◽  
Real Condition ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Artillery Shell

Fighting in the Donbas, which has been going on for more than five years, shows that a skillful counter-battery fight is an important factor in achieving success in wars of this kind. Especially in conditions where for the known reasons the use of combat aviation is minimized. With the development of technical warfare, the task of servicing the counter-battery fight began to rely on radar stations (radar) to reconnaissance the positions of artillery, which in modern terms are called counter-battery radar. The principle of counter-battery radar is based on the detection of a target (artillery shell, mortar mine or rocket) in flight at an earlier stage and making several measurements of the coordinates of the current position of the ammunition. According to these data, the trajectory of the projectile's flight is calculated and, on the basis of its prolongation and extrapolation of measurements, the probable coordinates of the artillery, as well as the places of ammunition falling, are determined. In addition, the technical capabilities of radars of this class allow you to recognize the types and caliber of artillery systems, as well as to adjust the fire of your artillery. The main advantages of these radars are:  mobility (transportability);  inspection of large tracts of terrain over long distances;  the ability to obtain target's data in near real-time;  independence from time of day and weather conditions;  relatively high fighting efficiency. The purpose of the article is to determine the leading role and place of the counter-battery radar among other artillery instrumental reconnaissance tools, to compare the combat capabilities of modern counter-battery radars, armed with Ukrainian troops and some leading countries (USA, China, Russia), and are being developed and tested in Ukraine. The method of achieving this goal is a comparative analysis of the features of construction and combat capabilities of modern models of counter-battery radar in Ukraine and in other countries. As a result of the conducted analysis, the directions of further improvement of the radar armament, increasing the capabilities of existing and promising counter-battery radar samples were determined.

A Web without a Center

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Knaack
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Network ◽  
Financial Stability ◽  
Public Governance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Otc Derivatives ◽  
Unilateral Action ◽  
Regulatory Cooperation ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Legal Barriers ◽  
Global Data

G20 leaders vowed to collect and share OTC derivatives trade data so that regulators can obtain a global picture of market and risk evolution. This chapter employs a network perspective to explain why they have failed to meet this commitment to date. It examines three networks: the OTC derivatives market itself, and those of its private and public governance. The analysis shows that the Financial Stability Board (FSB), the public supervisory entity, struggles to establish itself at the center of the global regulatory network. It failed to act as a first mover in setting global trade identification standards (legal entity identifiers), and it has not been able to establish a core of global data warehouses. This is largely the result of unilateral action by FSB members. In particular, legislators in member countries have undermined FSB-led efforts by refusing to remove legal barriers to transnational regulatory cooperation and, in some instances, by erecting new ones.

Social versus Private Insurance

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pierre Pestieau ◽  
Mathieu Lefebvre
Keyword(s):  
Social Insurance ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Population Ageing ◽  
Fiscal Competition ◽  
Public Insurance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Social Risks ◽  
The Family ◽  
Private And Public

This chapter looks at the role of the public versus the private sector in the provision of insurance against social risks. After having discussed the evolution of the role of the family as support in the first place, the specificity of social insurance is emphasized in opposition to private insurance. Figures show the extent of spending on both private and public insurance and the chapter presents economic reasons to why the latter is more developed than the former. Issues related to moral hazard and adverse selection are addressed. The chapter also discusses somewhat more general arguments supporting social insurance such as population ageing, unemployment, fiscal competition and social dumping.

The Public

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Holt
Keyword(s):  
Jürgen Habermas ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
The Public ◽  
Jurgen Habermas ◽  
Public Nature ◽  
Private And Public

The chapter continues to discuss the association of judgment and sovereignty using Franz Kafka’s story Das Urteil (The Judgment). It does so in order to then introduce the public nature of spectating and how this has been played out in the thinking of Jurgen Habermas concerning speech situations, and in Hannah Arendt’s writings on the polis. Rather than pitch the public in contrast to the private, the chapter suggests spectating plays on the binary in ways that enrich both. This coming together of the private and public is then woven into the understanding of strategic inquiry as an organizational forming of self-presentation.

Private and Public Law

2020 ◽  
pp. 574-592
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Merrill
Keyword(s):  
Law And Economics ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Private Law ◽  
General Criterion ◽  
The Public ◽  
Private Ordering ◽  
Public Rights ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Derivatives Of

This chapter explores the relationship between private and public law. In civil law countries, the public-private distinction serves as an organizing principle of the entire legal system. In common law jurisdictions, the distinction is at best an implicit design principle and is used primarily as an informal device for categorizing different fields of law. Even if not explicitly recognized as an organizing principle, however, it is plausible that private and public law perform distinct functions. Private law supplies the tools that make private ordering possible—the discretionary decisions that individuals make in structuring their lives. Public law is concerned with providing public goods—broadly defined—that cannot be adequately supplied by private ordering. In the twentieth and twenty-first centuries, various schools of thought derived from utilitarianism have assimilated both private and public rights to the same general criterion of aggregate welfare analysis. This has left judges with no clear conception of the distinction between private and public law. Another problematic feature of modern legal thought is a curious inversion in which scholars who focus on fields of private law have turned increasingly to law and economics, one of the derivatives of utilitarianism, whereas scholars who concern themselves with public law are increasingly drawn to new versions of natural rights thinking, in the form of universal human rights.

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