scholarly journals Should I stay or should I go? South Indian artisanal fishers’ precarious livelihoods and their engagement with categorical ocean forecasts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Max Martin ◽  
Abhilash S ◽  
Vijaykumar Pattathil ◽  
Harikumar R ◽  
NT Niyas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Monsoon Season ◽  
Forecast Accuracy ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Fishing Villages ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Artisanal Fishers ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Political Economic

AbstractOcean State Forecasts (OSF) contribute to safe and sustainable fishing, but forecast usage among artisanal fishers is often limited. Our research in Thiruvananthapuram district in the southern Indian state of Kerala tested forecast quality and value, and how fishers engage with forecasts. In two fishing villages, we verified forecast accuracy, skill and reliability by comparing forecasts with observations during the 2018 monsoon season (June – September; n=122). We assessed forecast value by analyzing fishers’ perceptions of weather and risks and the way they used forecasts–based on 8 focus group discussions, 20 interviews, conversations and logs of 10 fishing boats. We find that while forecasts are mostly accurate, inadequate forecasting of unusual events (e.g., wind >45 kmph) and frequent fishing restrictions (n= 32) undermine their value. While fishers seek more localized and detailed forecasts, they do not always use them. Weather forecasts are just one of the tools artisanal fishers deploy; not simply to decide as to whether to go to sea or not, but also to manage potential risks, allowing them to prepare for fishing under hazardous conditions. Instead, their decisions are primarily based on the availability of fish and their economic needs. Based on our findings, we suggest that political, economic and social marginality of south Indian fishers influences the fishers’ perceptions and responses to weather-related risks. Therefore, improving forecast usage requires not only better forecast skill and wide dissemination of tailor-made weather information, but also better appreciation of risk cultures and the livelihood imperatives of artisanal fishing communities.

scholarly journals Monthly Weather Forecasts in a Pest Forecasting Context: Downscaling, Recalibration, and Skill Improvement

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (9) ◽  
pp. 1633-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Hirschi ◽  
Christoph Spirig ◽  
Andreas P. Weigel ◽  
Pierluigi Calanca ◽  
Jörg Samietz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pest ◽  
Cydia Pomonella ◽  
Codling Moth ◽  
Lead Times ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Weather Forecasts ◽  
Weather Information ◽  
Agricultural Applications ◽  
Resampling Procedure ◽  
Skill Improvement

AbstractMonthly weather forecasts (MOFCs) were shown to have skill in extratropical continental regions for lead times up to 3 weeks, in particular for temperature and if weekly averaged. This skill could be exploited in practical applications for implementations exhibiting some degree of memory or inertia toward meteorological drivers, potentially even for longer lead times. Many agricultural applications fall into these categories because of the temperature-dependent development of biological organisms, allowing simulations that are based on temperature sums. Most such agricultural models require local weather information at daily or even hourly temporal resolution, however, preventing direct use of the spatially and temporally aggregated information of MOFCs, which may furthermore be subject to significant biases. By the example of forecasting the timing of life-phase occurrences of the codling moth (Cydia pomonella), which is a major insect pest in apple orchards worldwide, the authors investigate the application of downscaled weekly temperature anomalies of MOFCs for use in an impact model requiring hourly input. The downscaling and postprocessing included the use of a daily weather generator and a resampling procedure for creating hourly weather series and the application of a recalibration technique to correct for the original underconfidence of the forecast occurrences of codling moth life phases. Results show a clear skill improvement of up to 3 days in root-mean-square error over the full forecast range when incorporating MOFCs as compared with deterministic benchmark forecasts using climatological information for predicting the timing of codling moth life phases.

Barriers to Development of Selected Municipalities of Sulu Province

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 444-463
Author(s):  
Abdurahim S. Tahil ◽  
Shernahar K. Tahil
Keyword(s):  
Good Governance ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Quantitative Aspect ◽  
The Political ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Ecological Aspects ◽  
Main Barrier ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Qualitative Part

This study was conducted to determine the barrier to the development of selected municipalities of Sulu province.  It aimed to find out the Suluanos’ concept of development in terms of political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, and ecological aspects, including how these perceived barriers affect the development of Sulu. This research utilized the descriptive method where the Quantitative aspect gathered the data from 400 adults of ten big municipalities using a checklist questionnaire. The respondents were selected through systematic sampling.  For the qualitative part, the collected data were from 90 participants through focus group discussions. The statistical tools used were frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, and group means. The finding revealed that the Suluanos’ concept of development upheld the development policies which are participatory, equitable, appropriateness, concertizing, and environment friendly and the corresponding functions of development such as the political, economic, socio-cultural, technological, and ecological aspects. Of the five development functions, the economic aspect (2.95) was the main barrier to development.  It is followed by the technological aspect (2.91), the political (2.79), and ecological (2.42) as the fourth rank. On the other hand, the socio-cultural part (2.21) was the least encountered barrier. The perceived barriers that affected the development of Sulu were related to lack of high ethical standards, transparency, accountability, effectiveness, and lack of respect for and commitment to social justice, human rights, environmental life protection, and people's empowerment. Based on the data gathered, the findings made the researcher conclude that the political, economic, technological, socio-cultural, and ecological aspects in Sulu were considered barriers to development.  They were not within the bounds of good governance.   Bureaucracy was weak due to the leaders' personalities, who were neither transactional nor transformational. At the same time, they were not within the context of the alternative model of development. To minimize if not eliminate the barriers to development, the government's efforts should be geared towards accountability to improve the quality of governance and dispensation of justice. Further studies are recommended to determine other predictors that can similarly evaluate the development conditions of Sulu Province.     

scholarly journals Class, Caste, and Gender among Cashew Workers in the South Indian State of Kerala 1930–2000

2001 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Lindberg
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Class Identity ◽  
Factory Workers ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Union Leaders ◽  
Indian State ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Depth Interviews

The main concern of this paper is the issue of women workers' identity and class consciousness. This investigation is principally based on in-depth interviews with three generations of female factory workers. Extremely unequal power relations between capital and labour is insufficient to explain the more pronounced exploitation of female workers over males. In spite of these women having the potential for collective power, their factory lives have been characterized by treatment in constant violation of labour laws. Low-caste female workers have gone through a process of effeminization which has acted to curb their class identity and limit their scope of action. In the process of caste and class emancipation, the question of gender has been neglected by trade union leaders and politicians. The radicalism of males is built upon women's maintaining of the families – a reality which strongly contradicts hegemonic gender discourses and confuses gender identities.

scholarly journals Crisis and retirement

Focaal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (86) ◽  
pp. 84-96
Author(s):  
Jayaseelan Raj
Keyword(s):  
The South ◽  
Tea Industry ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Retired Workers

AbstractThe recent crisis in the tea industry has devastated the livelihood of the Dalit workforce in the South Indian state of Kerala. Retired workers were worst affected, since the plantation companies—under the disguise of the crisis—deferred their service payout. This article seeks to understand the severe alienation of the retirees as they struggle to regain lost respect, kinship network, and everyday sociality in the plantations and beyond. I argue that the alienation produced through their dispossession as wage laborers and the discrimination as Tamil-speaking Dalit must be understood as an interrelated process, whereas the source of alienation cannot be reduced to production or categorical relations alone.

scholarly journals Delineation of Genotype × Environment Interaction for Identification of Stable Genotypes to Grain Yield in Mungbean

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santhi Madhavan Samyuktha ◽  
Devarajan Malarvizhi ◽  
Adhimoolam Karthikeyan ◽  
Manickam Dhasarathan ◽  
Arumugam Thanga Hemavathy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gge Biplot ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Wide Adaptation ◽  
High Yields

In the present study, fifty-two mungbean (Vigna radiata) genotypes were evaluated for seven morphological traits at three different environments in South Indian state Tamil Nadu, namely Virinjipuram (E1), Eachangkottai (E2), and Bhavanisagar (E3) during Kharif 2017, 2018, and 2019, respectively. The data collected were subjected to variability and correlation analyses, followed by stability analysis using additive main effects and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) model, genotype and genotype × environment interaction effects (GGE) biplot. Variablility was observed among the genotypes for the following traits viz., plant height, days to fifty per cent flowering, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, hundred seed weight and grain yield. Correlation analysis showed that the trait number of pods per plant was significantly associated with grain yield. The G × E was smaller than the genetic variation of grain yield as it portrayed the maximum contribution of genotypic effects (61.07%). GGE biplot showed E3 as a highly discriminating and representative environment. It also identified environment-specific genotypes viz., EC 396111 for E1, EC 396125 for E2 and EC 396101 for E3 environments. The genotypes with minimum genotype stability index (GSI) viz., V2802BG (7), HG 22 (13), and EC 396098 (13) were observed with wide adaptation and high yields across all the three environments. In summary, we identified stable genotypes adapted across environments for grain yield. These genotypes can be used as parent/pre-breeding materials in future mungbean breeding programs.

scholarly journals To Study the Serum Iron and Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Children in Different Communities in the South Indian State of Telangana: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 31-36
Author(s):  
Jonnala Umesh ◽  
Jillela Mahesh Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Vitamin B12 Deficiency ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
The South ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Indian State

Background: National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4 2015-2016) documented the prevalence of anaemia as overall more than three-quarters (76 percent) of children. Anaemia is the most common Haematological disease of the paediatric age group. Anaemia is the highest prevalence in developing countries. The population differences in the prevalence of anaemia are explained by environmental factors affecting nutrition, chief among these are economic status, ethnic customs & geographic considerations. Furthermore, there is very limited information on prevalence of Iron and B12 deficiencies among children belonging to different communities with culturally defined eating habits. In the present study carried out to compare the Serum Iron & Vitamin B12 in children of different communities in the South Indian state of Telangana. Material & Methods: In this population based cross sectional observational study was conducted on the department of paediatrics in the Chalmeda Anandrao Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, Telangana, during the period from 1st January 2020 to till reached the sample size. The study was conducted with the approval from the institutional review and ethical committees. In this study includes children were of the age between 5 to 18 years with the 3 different communities like, Hindu, Muslim & others community. Results: In the above table we shows that the Others community of age is 12.85 ± 2.65 years, Hindu community of age is 12.76 ± 3.46 years & Muslim community of age is 14.96 ± 2.00 years. In our study, the prevalence of Serum Iron was found to be 21.7% (26 out of 120) & prevalence of Vitamin B12 was found to be 50.0% (60 out of 120). Conclusion: The overall prevalence of anaemia (low Haemoglobin) was found to be 43.33%. There was no significant difference between the prevalence of anaemia in 3 different communities. Keywords: Serum Iron, Vitamin B12, Anaemia, Deficiency.

scholarly journals Visual Impairment in the South Indian State of Andhra Pradesh: Andhra Pradesh - Rapid Assessment of Visual Impairment (AP-RAVI) Project

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. e70120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivas Marmamula ◽  
Saggam Narsaiah ◽  
Konegari Shekhar ◽  
Rohit C. Khanna ◽  
Gullapalli N. Rao
Keyword(s):  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Rapid Assessment ◽  
The South ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Indian State

scholarly journals Stakeholder consultations on small-scale irrigation schemes’ constraints in Zimbabwe

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Muhoyi ◽  
Josue Mbonigaba
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Theory Of Constraints ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Focus Group Discussions ◽  
Group Discussions ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Technical Issues ◽  
Social Environmental ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Small Scale Irrigation

AbstractSmall-scale irrigation schemes (SSIS) have been considered a solution to viability challenges in drought-stricken farming areas in developing countries. However, the schemes face severe constraints. In this paper, relevant constraints are identified and ranked in terms of how serious the limitations are from the perspective of stakeholders in drought-prone areas of the Chipinge District in Zimbabwe. Information for the study was gained through a questionnaire and focus group discussions with small-scale irrigation farmers as well as key informant interviews with government irrigation officials, irrigation managers and members of the local community leadership. The information was garnered between August and December in 2017 with the analysis conducted using descriptive statistics and thematic analysis, guided by the Theory of Constraints and classified in the political, economic, social, technological, environmental and legal (PESTEL) framework. Results indicated that SSIS are important in the drought-prone areas of the Chipinge District regarding food security and income generation. However, technical issues bedevilling the schemes are considered to be the most challenging limitations. The most important constraints—ranked in descending order of gravity—are technical, economic, social, environmental, legal and political challenges. Based on these findings, the research strongly recommends modernising small-scale irrigation schemes’ infrastructure, among other issues, as a priority in Zimbabwe's drought-prone areas.

Gendered Social Roles and Female Labor Migration

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-96
Author(s):  
Liz Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Labor Migration ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Social Roles ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Female Labor ◽  
South Indian ◽  
International Labor ◽  
Indian State ◽  
Religious Actors

International labor migration plays a key role in the South Indian state of Kerala, with repercussions for family formation, childcare, dating, and many other aspects of culture. This chapter focuses on how female labor migration affects male and female gender roles in Kerala with respect to religious activity. Female labor migration often results in enhanced personal power for women, giving them a greater say in how things are done in their families. But what about religion? How do women who have experienced expanded social possibilities through international work think about who they are as religious actors? Do expanded female roles in the home and the workplace translate into more expansive roles for women in religious spheres? And what about men? How have men dealt with the repercussions of female labor migration? With women taking on new social roles, what happens to traditional ideas about men and masculinity? Field work on a popular South India pilgrimage offers data to show how women and men in Kerala are adapting to changes wrought by female labor migration.

scholarly journals Anthropological Perspective Study on the Muslims in Mysore City-India (Case study Shia Muslims)

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 137
Author(s):  
Jalal Jafarpour
Keyword(s):  
Religious Identity ◽  
Anthropological Perspective ◽  
Remarkable Case ◽  
South Indian ◽  
Anthropological Research ◽  
National Leaders ◽  
Indian State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Era

<p>India, because of including a collection of religions and religious minorities altogether in itself, especially in this modern era, is a remarkable case of study and consideration. This study also, as an anthropological research and in order to get familiar with the religious identity of Muslims and Shias of Mysore in particular, has played its role. This project is a case study about the Shia Muslims in Mysore; it has also a historical look upon formation of cultural identity of Shias in India. During the reign of the Arab traders, they brought Islam into the South Indian state of Karnataka almost as soon as the faith was initiated in Arabia. Along with their faith, Muslims brought many products to the region. The Islamic presence and power in the state reached its greatest heights during the reigns of Hyder Ali and his son Tippu Sultan. Though killed by the British in 1799, Tippu Sultan was one of the only national leaders to defeat the British in battle and is still considered a hero for many Indians. The internal structure of Indian Muslims as a religio-ethnic group was quite complex. Shias Islam has deep-rooted influence in present and history of India from North to South with various Shia Muslim dynasties ruling Indian provinces from time to time.</p>

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