Intervention and State-Building

2014 ◽  
Vol 656 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Monten
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Building ◽  
Fragile States ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
State Strength ◽  
International Attention ◽  
External Intervention ◽  
The U.S

Since 2001, international attention has focused on the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, and specifically on the question of whether external intervention can assist weak or fragile states in successfully making the transition to stable democracies. This article analyzes the U.S. occupations of Japan beginning in 1945, Afghanistan beginning in 2001, and Iraq beginning in 2003, and uses these cases to review and critique the literature on why some interventions have been more successful than others in building robust and effective state institutions. The comparative analysis suggests that external interveners face substantial barriers to state-building in circumstances that lack favorable domestic preconditions. The United States has been more successful when preserving existing state capacity than when attempting to build state strength where it did not previously exist.

After the Airlifts

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allison Varzally
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Attention ◽  
National Boundaries ◽  
And Migration ◽  
And Control ◽  
The U.S

This chapter focuses upon the aftermath of Operation Babylift, the mass airlift of Vietnamese children to the United states on the eve of the nation’s formal withdrawal. Arguably the most dramatic episode of the unfolding adoption and migration story, it received overwhelming media coverage, captured international attention, and pushed Vietnamese adoptees to the center of debates about the war’s end and aftermath. Although the architects of the airlift hoped it would improve the America’s reputation and benefit Vietnamese children, it stoked significant controversy among Americans and Vietnamese who accused the U.S. and Vietnamese governments of playing politics. The airlift and its controversy also displayed the creative ways in which Vietnamese families stretched across national boundaries an, demanded reunions, and disputed American efforts to contain and control the legacies of war.

scholarly journals Exploring InTASC Standards and Principals from the Perspectives of Soka (Value-Creating) Education

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Nai-Cheng Kuo ◽  
Loretta Aniezue
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Teacher Education ◽  
Content Knowledge ◽  
Educational Philosophy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education Standards ◽  
Learning Content ◽  
International Attention ◽  
Tsunesaburo Makiguchi ◽  
The U.S

Value-creating education, developed by Tsunesaburo Makiguchi (1871-1944), Josei Toda (1900-1958), and Daisaku Ikeda (1928-present), is a relatively new educational philosophy based on compassion and love for humanity. Originating in Japan, this philosophy has gradually gained international attention through scholarly research, particularly in the United States (Sherman, 2016). In this paper, we discuss how value-creating education can maximize the use of the U.S. national teacher education standards, InTASC, across four categories: the learner and learning, content knowledge, instructional practice, and professional responsibility. By using value-creating education, we hope to cultivate teachers whose role is not merely to deliver knowledge but to nurture the next generation who will uphold the dignity of each individual’s life.

The “Hearts and Minds” Fallacy: Violence, Coercion, and Success in Counterinsurgency Warfare

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline L. Hazelton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
El Salvador ◽  
The United States ◽  
State Building ◽  
Military Strategy ◽  
The Government ◽  
Zero Sum ◽  
Hearts And Minds ◽  
Government Benefits ◽  
The U.S

Debates over how governments can defeat insurgencies ebb and flow with international events, becoming particularly contentious when the United States encounters problems in its efforts to support a counterinsurgent government. Often the United States confronts these problems as a zero-sum game in which the government and the insurgents compete for popular support and cooperation. The U.S. prescription for success has had two main elements: to support liberalizing, democratizing reforms to reduce popular grievances; and to pursue a military strategy that carefully targets insurgents while avoiding harming civilians. An analysis of contemporaneous documents and interviews with participants in three cases held up as models of the governance approach—Malaya, Dhofar, and El Salvador—shows that counterinsurgency success is the result of a violent process of state building in which elites contest for power, popular interests matter little, and the government benefits from uses of force against civilians.

scholarly journals A Comparative Analysis of the Determinants of Executive Compensation between Canadian and U.S. Firms

2005 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel L. Magnan ◽  
Sylvie St-Onge ◽  
Linda Thorne
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Executive Compensation ◽  
Firm Size ◽  
Ownership Structure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Firm Ownership ◽  
Size Firm ◽  
The U.S

This study attempts to identify determinants of executive compensation in Canada while comparing how they differ between Canada and the United States. Results suggest that firm size, firm performance, and firm ownership structure all determine executive compensation in Canada. However, several differences between the determinants of executive compensation in Canada and the U.S. are identified.

The U.S. and Angola: Policy Choice

Worldview ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 19-20
Author(s):  
John A. Marcum
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Carter Administration ◽  
Policy Choice ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Policy Objectives ◽  
Bilateral Cooperation ◽  
External Intervention ◽  
The U.S

Contrary to popular perceptions, the governments of the United States and Angola share a core of compatible foreign policy objectives. Each government, for its own reasons, believes that its national interests may be best served by reducing border conflict and external intervention in highly flammable Southwest Africa. This congruence of interests became increasingly apparent and even led to a measure of bilateral cooperation dur ing the last years of the Carter administration.

The Samsung–Apple patent war: Socio-cultural comparative study of news frames in a business conflict issue

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-65
Author(s):  
Wan-Soo Lee ◽  
Min-Kyu Lee ◽  
Seok Kang ◽  
Jae-Woong Yoo
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
South Korea ◽  
Wall Street Journal ◽  
The United States ◽  
The South ◽  
Wall Street ◽  
News Frames ◽  
South Korean ◽  
The U.S

This study explored a comparative analysis of how the South Korean and United States media framed the Samsung–Apple patent lawsuit. The South Korean and U.S. media have a tendency to report Samsung–Apple patent disputes in a completely different angle. While framing in favor of Samsung was frequent in South Korea, neutral frames were dominant in the United States. The South Korean newspapers showed a stronger nationalism in favor of Samsung, whereas the U.S. newspapers portrayed the business conflict in the market logic. The South Korean and U.S. newspapers also showed differences in framing according to the ideological characteristics of the newspaper. In South Korea, the main conservative newspaper ( Chosun Ilbo) framed the issue in favor of Samsung and the largest liberal newspaper ( Hankyoreh) revealed a tendency to frame it in favor of Apple. However, in the United States, only the main business newspaper ( Wall Street Journal) favored Apple. This study contributes to news framing research in that socio-cultural divergences, framing pool (e.g., generic frames vs. issue-specific frames), and journalistic contexts considered systematically.

scholarly journals How Large Is the “Public Domain”? A Comparative Analysis of Ringer’s 1961 Copyright Renewal Study and HathiTrust CRMS Data

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Wilkin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
The United States ◽  
Public Domain ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
The Public ◽  
Determination Process ◽  
Review Management ◽  
The U.S

The 1961 Copyright Office study on renewals, authored by Barbara Ringer, has cast an outsized influence on discussions of the U.S. 1923–1963 public domain. As more concrete data emerge from initiatives such as the large-scale determination process in the Copyright Review Management System (CRMS) project, questions are raised about the reliability or meaning of the Ringer data. A closer examination of both the Ringer study and CRMS data demonstrates fundamental misunderstandings and misrepresentations of the Ringer data, as well as possible methodological issues. Estimates of the size of the corpus of public domain books published in the United States from 1923 through 1963 have been inflated by problematic assumptions, and we should be able to correct mistaken conclusions with reasonable effort.

scholarly journals Shut-Off: The Digital Television Transition in the United States and Canada

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory Taylor
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Digital Television ◽  
Television Broadcasting ◽  
Primary Documents ◽  
Analyse Comparative ◽  
A Site ◽  
The U.S

Abstract: This article offers a comparative analysis exploring early developments in digital television broadcasting in the United States and Canada. The U.S. transition is now complete (2009) but the Canadian analogue shut-off remains a site of controversy. Through the examination of primary documents-official reports, policy announcements, statistics, and speeches from key political and industrial figures-this article challenges traditional conceptions of broadcasting governance in the two countries.Résumé : Cet article présente une analyse comparative explorant les premiers développements de la télévision numérique aux États-Unis et au Canada. La transition est désormais terminée aux États-Unis (2009) mais l'arrêt de la télévision analogique au Canada fait encore l'objet de controverses. Par le biais de l'examen de documents primaires-rapports officiels, annonces politiques, statistiques et discours de figures de l'industrie et de politiciens clés-cet article remet en question les conceptions traditionnelles de gouvernance dans ces deux pays.

Religious Beliefs and Perceptions of Repression in the U.S. and Swedish Plowshares Movements

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Erickson Nepstad
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Plowshares Movement ◽  
The U.S

Sharon Erickson Nepstad’s chapter hones our understanding of how religion can shape activists’ interpretations of repression. Through a comparative analysis of the Plowshares movements in the United States and Sweden, this chapter argues that long prison sentences did not harm the U.S. Plowshares movement in part because activists’ Catholic beliefs and identity led them to view repression in religious terms that deepened their commitment, motivation, and unity. The chapter contrasts the U.S. case to the experience of the secular Swedish Plowshares activists, who interpreted their repression in ways that made them susceptible to internal disputes, waning commitment, and co-optation.

Populism’s Threat to Democracy: Comparative Lessons for the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-406
Author(s):  
Kurt Weyland
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Civil Society ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Institutional Constraints ◽  
Federal System ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Institutional Settings ◽  
The U.S

How grave is the threat that populist leaders pose to democracy? To elucidate the prospects of the United States under president Donald Trump, I conduct a wide-ranging comparative analysis of populism’s regime impact in Europe and Latin America. The investigation finds that the risks have been overestimated. Populist leaders manage to suffocate democracy only when two crucial conditions coincide. First, institutional weakness, which comes in various types, creates vulnerabilities to populist power grabs. Second, even in weaker institutional settings populist leaders can only succeed with their illiberal machinations if acute yet resolvable crises or extraordinary bonanzas give them overwhelming support which enables them to override and dismantle institutional constraints to power concentration. Because none of these conditions prevail in the United States, an undemocratic involution is very unlikely. First, the federal system of checks and balances, rooted in an unusually rigid constitution, remains firm and stable. Second, President Trump encountered neither acute crises nor a huge windfall; consequently, his mass support has remained limited. Facing strong resistance from an energized opposition party and a vibrant civil society, the U.S. populist cannot destroy democracy. Instead, Trump’s transgressions of norms of civility have sparked an intense counter-mobilization that may inadvertently revitalize U.S. democracy.

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