Indirect and Invisible Regulations Set in Stone: A Driving Force behind the Rise of Private Health Insurance in Sweden

2020 ◽  
Vol 691 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-257
Author(s):  
John Lapidus
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Private Health Insurance ◽  
Elderly Care ◽  
The Political ◽  
Health Care Education ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Welfare Model ◽  
Do So

The Swedish welfare model is gradually losing its former characteristics. Notable is the extensive privatization of provision and the emerging privatization of funding, primarily through new and half-private services in health care, education, and elderly care. The clearest example of this trend is the rise of private health insurance, which is now signed by every tenth person of working age. This article points out different types of regulations that have provoked the rise of private health insurance, and discusses types of regulations that could potentially slow privatization. Further, this article analyzes three official welfare investigation reports. These reports avoid the decisive regulations they are supposed to discuss, and sometimes go against directives to do so. I argue that regulations for private health insurance have occurred without much debate, while every potential regulation against private health insurance is very much disputed by industry interests and many of the political parties.

scholarly journals Health service utilisation by people living with chronic non-cancer pain: findings from the Pain and Opioids IN Treatment (POINT) study

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne Nielsen ◽  
Gabrielle Campbell ◽  
Amy Peacock ◽  
Kimberly Smith ◽  
Raimondo Bruno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Insurance ◽  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Private Health Insurance ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Opioid Therapy ◽  
Limited Evidence ◽  
Financial Barriers ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Before And After

Objective The aims of the present study were to describe the use, and barriers to the use, of non-medication pain therapies and to identify the demographic and clinical correlates of different non-opioid pain treatments. Methods The study was performed on a cohort (n = 1514) of people prescribed pharmaceutical opioids for chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP). Participants reported lifetime and past month use of healthcare services, mental and physical health, pain characteristics, current oral morphine equivalent daily doses and financial and access barriers to healthcare services. Results Participants reported the use of non-opioid pain treatments, both before and after commencing opioid therapy. Services accessed most in the past month were complementary and alternative medicines (CAMs; 41%), physiotherapy (16%) and medical and/or pain specialists (15%). Higher opioid dose was associated with increased financial and access barriers to non-opioid treatment. Multivariate analyses indicated being younger, female and having private health insurance were the factors most commonly associated with accessing non-opioid treatments. Conclusions Patients on long-term opioid therapy report using multiple types of pain treatments. High rates of CAM use are concerning given limited evidence of efficacy for some therapies and the low-income status of most people with CNCP. Financial and insurance barriers highlight the importance of considering how different types of treatments are paid for and subsidised. What is known about the topic? Given concerns regarding long-term efficacy, adverse side-effects and risk of misuse and dependence, prescribing guidelines recommend caution in prescribing pharmaceutical opioids in cases of CNCP, typically advising a multidisciplinary approach to treatment. There is a range of evidence supporting different (non-drug) treatment approaches for CNCP to reduce pain severity and increase functioning. However, little is known about the non-opioid treatments used among those with CNCP and the demographic and clinical characteristics that may be associated with the use of different types of treatments. Understanding the use of non-drug therapy among people with CNCP is crucial given the potential to improve pain control for these patients. What does this paper add? The present study found that a wide range of non-opioid treatments was accessed by the study sample, both before and after commencing opioids, indicating that in this sample opioids were not the sole strategy used for pain management. The most common treatment (other than opioids) was CAM, reported by two-fifths of the sample. Having private health insurance was associated with increased use of non-opioid treatments for pain, highlighting the importance of considering how treatments are paid for and potential financial barriers to effective treatments. What are the implications for practitioners? Patients’ beliefs and financial barriers may affect the uptake of different treatments. Many patients may be using complementary and alternative approaches with limited evidence to support their use, highlighting the need for clinicians to discuss with patients the range of prescribed and non-prescribed treatments they are accessing and to help them understand the benefits and risks of treatments that have not been tested sufficiently, or have inconsistent evidence, as to their efficacy in improving pain outcomes.

scholarly journals Problematics of forming the political space of Ukraine and the EU

2016 ◽  
pp. 32-43
Author(s):  
Bogdan Ferens
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Political System ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Space ◽  
Policy Space ◽  
New Classification ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Eu

The article is devoted to the issue of political space forming of contemporary Ukraine and European Union. The paper proposes a new classification of the political parties which are represented in Ukraine. It was determined by using different types of analysis the concept of “policy space” and its application in contemporary political science, main trends and relationships that directly affect the integration of Ukraine’s political system into the EU political space, importance of inter-party cooperation in the process of European integration.

Post as Much and as Diversely as Possible

2019 ◽  
pp. 983-1004
Author(s):  
Alem Maksuti ◽  
Tomaž Deželan
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
The Political ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Message Delivery ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Political Messages ◽  
Different Types

The daily interaction between political parties and voters is a driving force in election campaigns and can influence their outcomes. The theory of campaign intensity holds that the timing of message delivery in an election campaign is a key component of the strategies used by political actors. However, this theory also warns political actors to be cautious about the timing of different types of messages sent during the election campaign. Our objective is to examine the intensity and types of messages Slovenian political actors communicated through Twitter during different stages in the 2014 national election campaign. Our study conducts a content analysis of 7,113 tweets posted during the last four weeks of the official election campaign. It includes 17 official accounts of Slovenian parties, party leaders, and influential party twitterians. The results indicated that the stage of the campaign and the differences between established and fringe political parties significantly influenced the intensity of Twitter communications during the study period. The results also revealed that the political actors tweeted different types of political messages (e.g., to inform and to persuade voters) during different stages of the campaign.

Post as Much and as Diversely as Possible

2016 ◽  
pp. 168-189
Author(s):  
Alem Maksuti ◽  
Tomaž Deželan
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
The Political ◽  
Election Campaign ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Message Delivery ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Political Actors ◽  
Political Messages ◽  
Different Types

The daily interaction between political parties and voters is a driving force in election campaigns and can influence their outcomes. The theory of campaign intensity holds that the timing of message delivery in an election campaign is a key component of the strategies used by political actors. However, this theory also warns political actors to be cautious about the timing of different types of messages sent during the election campaign. Our objective is to examine the intensity and types of messages Slovenian political actors communicated through Twitter during different stages in the 2014 national election campaign. Our study conducts a content analysis of 7,113 tweets posted during the last four weeks of the official election campaign. It includes 17 official accounts of Slovenian parties, party leaders, and influential party twitterians. The results indicated that the stage of the campaign and the differences between established and fringe political parties significantly influenced the intensity of Twitter communications during the study period. The results also revealed that the political actors tweeted different types of political messages (e.g., to inform and to persuade voters) during different stages of the campaign.

10. Political Parties

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Ferdinand
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Political Party ◽  
Political System ◽  
Party Systems ◽  
The Other ◽  
Historical Background ◽  
The Political ◽  
Popular Vote ◽  
Different Types

This chapter deals with political parties: why they emerged, how they can be classified, what functions they perform, how they interact, and what challenges they are facing today. One of the paradoxes about democracies is that there is almost a unanimous consensus about the indispensability of political parties. On the other hand, the benefits of being a member of a political party are bound to be minuscule compared to the costs of membership. Thus it is irrational for people to join parties. They should only form (small) interest groups. The chapter first provides a historical background on the development of political parties before discussing their functions, such as legitimation of the political system, structuring the popular vote, and formulation of public policy. It then considers different types of political parties as well as the characteristics of party systems and concludes with an analysis of the problems facing political parties today.

Religion and the Churches

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J.D. Green
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Political Life ◽  
The Political ◽  
British Politics ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
British State ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Do So

This chapter explores the role of religion and the churches in British political life since 1800. It argues that during this period the British state gradually attempted to remove religious dispute from public life, and yet frequently failed to do so. The chapter examines a series of political problems posed by questions of religion and the churches, including nineteenth-century Ireland, the proliferation of diverse varieties of Christianity throughout the United Kingdom, the connections between religion and the political parties, and the challenges of secularization. It concludes that, even in a mostly secular country, British politics continues to be haunted by religion.

scholarly journals STATE INTERVENTION IN WINE MARKETS IN THE EARLY 20THCENTURY: WHY WAS IT SO DIFFERENT IN FRANCE AND SPAIN?

2016 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jordi Planas
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Collective Action ◽  
Trade Policy ◽  
State Intervention ◽  
The State ◽  
The Political ◽  
Agricultural Markets ◽  
Productive Systems ◽  
Do So ◽  
Wine Markets

ABSTRACTIn the early 20thcentury, governments not only used trade policy to protect domestic agricultural markets, but they also introduced regulations affecting quality, quantity and prices. In this article I assess the differences in the state intervention in wine markets in two major wine-producing countries, France and Spain, and try to explain the reasons for them. To do so, I examine the specific features of their markets and productive systems, the winegrowers’ collective action, and the political framework in each country. I argue that the differences are related to (a) the strength and cohesion of the winegrowers’ lobby, (b) the winegrowers’ relationship with political parties and (c) the state’s ability to respond to their demands.

Real, but Limited: A Meta-Analytic Assessment of Framing Effects in the Political Domain

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Eran Amsalem ◽  
Alon Zoizner
Keyword(s):  
Political Attitudes ◽  
Framing Effects ◽  
The Political ◽  
Combined Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Elite Influence ◽  
Cumulative Evidence ◽  
Do So

Abstract In the past three decades, scholars have frequently used the concept of framing effects to assess the competence of citizens' political judgments and how susceptible they are to elite influence. Yet prior framing studies have reached mixed conclusions, and few have provided systematic cumulative evidence. This study evaluates the overall efficacy of different types of framing effects in the political domain by systematically meta-analyzing this large and diverse literature. A combined analysis of 138 experiments reveals that when examined across contexts, framing exerts medium-sized effects on citizens' political attitudes and emotions. However, framing effects on behavior are negligible, and small effects are also found in more realistic studies employing frame competition. These findings suggest that although elites can influence citizens by framing issues, their capacity to do so is constrained. Overall, citizens appear to be more competent than some scholars envision them to be.

Political Memoirs

Politics ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Gamble
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Policy Making ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Scientist ◽  
Different Types

Political memoirs form an accessible primary source for the political scientist, but there is considerable disagreement about their usefulness and reliability. Memoirs can be classified firstly according to whether their chief focus is the ethos, the doctrines, or the policy making of political parties, and secondly according to the principal means employed in their compilation - such as diaries, private and official papers, or personal reminiscences. Examples of these different types of memoir written by members of the Thatcher Government are analysed to demonstrate their uses and limitations.

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