Problems in Freud’s Psychology of Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 503-526
Author(s):  
Roy Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Psychology Of Women ◽  
Logical Errors ◽  
Penis Envy ◽  
Value Preferences ◽  
Psychoanalytic Method

Freud’s ideas on the development and psychological characteristics of girls and women, though laden with rich clinical and theoretical discoveries and achievements, appear to have been significantly flawed by the influence of traditional patriarchal and evolutionary values. This influence is evident in certain questionable presuppositions, logical errors and inconsistencies, suspensions of intensive inquiry, underemphasis on certain developmental variables, and confusions between observations, definitions, and value preferences. Under three headings—The Problem of Women’s Morality and Objectivity, The Problem of Neglected Prephallic Development, and The Problem of Naming—I discuss Freud’s generalizations concerning ego and superego development in boys and girls, penis envy, biologically predestined procreativity, the role of the mother, the fateful linkages male-masculine-active-aggressive-dominant and female-feminine-passive-masochistic-submissive, and other topics as well. In general, it is argued that Freud’s generalizations concerning girls and women do injustice to both his psychoanalytic method and his clinical findings.

scholarly journals The Psychology of Women: A Psychoanalytic Review*

1989 ◽  
Vol 34 (9) ◽  
pp. 872-878
Author(s):  
Fern E. Small
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Normal Phase ◽  
Oedipus Complex ◽  
Female Character ◽  
Female Development ◽  
Psychology Of Women ◽  
Penis Envy

Freud's psychoanalytic views of female development emphasized the importance of penis envy and the Oedipus complex. Resolution of the Oedipus complex resulted in a “neurotic” solution, a “masculinity complex ” or a normal feminine attitude involving acceptance of anatomic inferiority, passivity, masochism and narcissism. Modern psychoanalytic views have rejected or reformulated many of these theories. Penis envy is seen as a normal phase of development which is resolved in most women. Women have been found to develop strong, albeit different, super ego structures. The female character triad has been questioned and the role of environmental factors emphasized. Efforts continue to develop a comprehensive well-integrated view of female psychology.

scholarly journals The role of wild ruminants in the epidemiology of bovine petechial fever

1975 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Snodgrass ◽  
L. H. Karstad ◽  
J. E. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Wild Ruminants ◽  
Experimental Inoculation

SUMMARYAfter experimental inoculation of Cytoecetes ondiri, the agent of bovine petechial fever (BPF), multiplication occurred in impala, bushbuck, Thomson's gazelles and wildebeest, as shown by infectivity studies and clinical findings. Similar attempts to infect one eland failed.As a sequel to this, blood and spleen samples were collected from four species of wild ruminants in an area where BPF was endemic. Isolations of C. ondiri were made from three of five bushbuck, but not from any other species.

The role of motivation in talent selection and ­development in competitive sport

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Current State ◽  
Talent Selection ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
Performance Development ◽  
The Right

The early and long-term development of promising young athletes is a decisive factor in being internationally competitive in top-level sports. Among the multitude of talent criteria suggested in the literature, motivation plays a prominent role in the area of psychological characteristics. It is recognised in practice and research as a relevant criterion for performance development across all sports. This article provides an overview of the current state of talent research in the field of motivation. First, the most common theories of motivation in competitive sports are described, then different measurement methods and their advantages and disadvantages as well as the predictive value of motivation for athletic performance are discussed. Finally, implications for practice are suggested. It can be summarised that motivation in sport is conceptualised and operationalised in different ways and that the decision for the right measurement instrument depends on the goal of the assessment. To get a comprehensive picture of an athlete’s motivational status, it is useful to assess several aspects of motivation through different methods.

scholarly journals Paracoccidioidomycosis associated with acquired immunodificiency syndrome: report of seven cases

1995 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvio Alencar Marques ◽  
Luciene de Oliveira Conterno ◽  
Luciana P. Sgarbi ◽  
Aurea Maria P.C. Villagra ◽  
Vania P.G. Sabongi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Paracoccidioides Brasiliensis ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Cell Mediated Immunity ◽  
Intravenous Drug Users ◽  
Focal Infection ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Syndrome Report

We report the clinical findings and evolution of seven patients (five men and two women), the majority of them intravenous drug users, with paracoccidioidomycosis associated to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). In four of the patients the paracoccidioidomycosis was restricted to the lung and in the three others was generalized with cutaneous involvement. Only two of them had lived recently in rural area, an indication of the possible reactivation of latent focal infection in the other five patients. The recognition of the role of cell-mediated immunity in host defense against Paracoccidioides brasiliensis leds to the prediction of a growing occurrence of the paracoccidioidomycosis-AIDS association in areas that are endemic for these diseases.

scholarly journals Psychological Aspects of Translation

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 160-163
Author(s):  
Tetiana Leleka
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Human Factor ◽  
Psychological Aspects ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Psychological Phenomenon ◽  
And Linguistics

The theses reveal the problem of the connection between psychology and linguistics on the basis of translation activities. The role of the human factor of a translator is revealed, and the bonds between the type of translation and the characteristics of the person who does it is established For this purpose, a psycholinguistic experiment was carried out with the participation of 50 people to demonstrate the dependence of the psychological characteristics of the translator and the quality of the translated text using comparative analysis of translation. The data has confirmed the hypothesis about psychological phenomenon of translation.

scholarly journals Microdynamics of person perception: the role of time’s exposure and ethnos

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-150
Author(s):  
A.A. Demidov ◽  
D.A. Diveev
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Ethnic Group ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Exposure Time ◽  
Person Perception ◽  
Psychological Characteristics ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Republic

The article presents the results of an empirical study of the microdynamics of person perception. Stimulus images of persons from four ethnic groups — Tuvans, Russians, Kabardians and Komi, were presented to three independent groups of subjects to assess specific individual psychological characteristics, with different exposure times — 200, 1000 and 3000 ms. The subjects were Tuvans living in Kyzyl, the Republic of Tuva. For each of the evaluated qualities, the adequacy of the interpersonal assessment was calculated and its relations with such variable studies as the ethnicity and exposure time of the stimulus image were determined. The results obtained indicate a complex, non-linear relationship between the adequacy of interpersonal assessment and exposure time of the stimulus image, as well as the important role of the ethnic group of communicants in the structure of person perception.

The Role of Clinical “Experience” in Diagnostic Performance

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelo Fasoli ◽  
Silvia Lucchelli ◽  
Renato Fasoli
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Embolism ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Clinical Experience ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Roc Curves ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Recorded Data

Twenty-one physicians examined records of 43 patients who had attended the hospital because of chest pain. Of these patients, 20 had had coronary heart disease (CHD), 15 had had nonspecific pain, and eight had had pulmonary embolism. The physicians indicated the probability of CHD in each case on the basis of 18 clinical findings, not including ECG, x-ray, or biochemical studies. The trial was repeated five years later, using the same records, by 16 of the same physicians. Diagnostic accuracy was evaluated by ROC curves, and the weight ascribed to each cue was inferred by multiple regression with estimated probability of CHD as the dependent variable. No significant change of areas under the ROC curves with increasing length of clinical experience was observed. Multiple regression was significant in 30 of 37 analyses. The distributions of most physicians' estimates of probabilities had similar shapes five years apart. It is concluded that “experience” does not have a clear role in diagnostic performance based on recorded data and that personal calibration and preferences in estimating probabilities often persist for years.

Venous Thromboembolic Diseases

2014 ◽  
pp. 346-355
Author(s):  
Gregory Piazza ◽  
Samuel Z. Goldhaber
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Stratification ◽  
Laboratory Testing ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Venous Thromboembolic ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Practical Recommendations

This chapter reviews the pathophysiology of VTE, including its risk factors and long-term consequences. Diagnostic algorithms that integrate clinical findings, laboratory testing, and imaging are described. The role of risk stratification for identification of high-risk PE patients is highlighted. Options for the management of VTE are reviewed. Finally, practical recommendations for the prevention of VTE are provided.

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