Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteria in Tonsils of Children with Recurrent Tonsillitis

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook ◽  
Paula Yocum ◽  
Ellen M. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Beta Lactamase ◽  
Type B ◽  
Recurrent Tonsillitis ◽  
Patients Âgés ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Tonsils were obtained from 50 children suffering from recurrent tonsillitis. Patients' ages ranged from 2.5 to 17 years (mean 6 years); 29 were males and 21 females. The tonsils were sectioned in half after heat searing of the surface and the core material was cultured for aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Mixed aerobic and anaerobic flora was obtained in all patients, yielding an average of 7.8 isolates (4.1 anaerobes and 3.7 aerobes) per specimen. There were 207 anaerobes isolated. The predominant isolates were 101 Bacteroides sp (including 10 B fragilis group, and 47 B melaninogenicus group), 39 Fusobacterium sp, 34 Gram-positive anaerobic cocci (25 Peptococcus sp and 9 Peptostreptococcus sp) and 16 Veillonella sp. There were 185 aerobic isolates. The predominant isolates were 41 α-hemolytic streptococci, 24 Staphylococcus aureus, 19 β-hemolytic streptococci (11 group A, 4 group B, and 2 each group C and F), 14 Haemophilus sp (including 12 H influenzae type B) and 5 H parainfluenzae. Beta-lactamase production was noted in 56 isolates recovered from 37 tonsils. These were all isolates of S aureus (24) and B fragilis (10), 15 of 47 B melaninogenicus (32%), 5 of 12 B oralis (42%), and 2 of 12 H influenzae type B (17%). Our findings indicate the polymicrobial aerobic and anaerobic nature of deep tonsillar flora in children with recurrent tonsillitis, and demonstrate the presence of many β-lactamase-producing organisms in 74% of the patients.

Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteriology of Cutaneous Abscesses in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 891-895
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook ◽  
Sydney M. Finegold
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Anaerobic Microorganisms ◽  
Pure Cultures ◽  
Group A ◽  
Anatomic Locations ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Head Neck ◽  
Gram Positive Cocci

Specimens from 209 cutaneous abscesses in children were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms. Of these, nine (4%) were sterile and 51 (24%) yielded pure cultures that were predominantly Staphylococcus aureus. The rest of the abscesses yielded growth of two or more aerobic and/or anaerobic organisms. The data were organized according to these anatomic locations: head, neck, trunk, finger, nailbed, hand, leg, buttocks, perirectal, and vulvovaginal areas. Aerobic bacteria only were present in 92 specimens (46%), anaerobes only were isolated in 52 (26%), and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were present in 56 abscesses (28%). A total of 467 isolates (270 anaerobes and 197 aerobes) were recovered, accounting for 2.3 isolates per specimen (1.3 anaerobes and 1.0 aerobes). The presence of more than one anaerobe per abscess was obtained from the vulvovaginal, buttocks, perirectal, finger, nailbed, and head areas. Aerobes were more prevalent in the neck, hand, leg, and trunk areas. The predominant aerobes recovered were: S aureus (89 isolates), α- and nonhemolytic streptococci (29), group A β-hemolytic streptococci (16), Enterobacter (10), and Escherichia coli (8). The predominant anaerobes recovered were anaerobic Gram-positive cocci (79 isolates), Bacteroides sp (116, including 31 B melaninogenicus group and 29 B fragilis group), and Fusobacterium sp (39). Our findings indicate the polymicrobial nature and predominance of anaerobes in cutaneous abscesses in children in perirectal, head, finger, and nailbed areas.

Bacteriology of Adenoids and Tonsils in Children with Recurrent Adenotonsillitis

2001 ◽  
Vol 110 (9) ◽  
pp. 844-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook ◽  
Kiran Shah
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Recurrent Group ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

Adenoids and tonsils electively removed from 25 children with a history of recurrent group A β-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS) adenotonsillitis were cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Two hundred twenty-four organisms (112 aerobes and facultatives, 110 anaerobes, and 2 Candida albicans) were isolated from the tonsils, and 229 (111 aerobes and facultatives and 118 anaerobes) were isolated from the adenoids. Mixed infection was present in all instances, with an average of 9.1 isolates per specimen. The predominant aerobes were Streptococcus sp, Haemophilus influenzae, and GABHS, and the prevalent anaerobes were Peptostreptococcus, Prevotella, and Fusobacterium spp. β-Lactamase-producing bacteria were detected in 72 isolates recovered from 22 tonsils (88%) and in 74 isolates recovered from 21 adenoids (84%). Discrepancies in the organisms recovered were found between the tonsils and adenoids. Of the aerobic isolates, 20% were isolated only in tonsils and 18% only in adenoids. Of the anaerobes, 20% were found only in tonsils and 26% only in adenoids. This study demonstrates a polymicrobial aerobic-anaerobic flora in both adenoids and tonsils, and discrepancies in recovery of pathogens such as GABHS. The adenoids may serve as a potential source of tonsillitis caused by GABHS.

Effect of protein rich diet on experimental pathology of necrotic enteritis in broilers

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Ferdoush ◽  
MM Rashid ◽  
M Dipti ◽  
P Roy ◽  
PM Das ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fish Meal ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Intestinal Content ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Experimental Pathology ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Protein Rich

This study was designed to know the effect of protein rich diet (50% fish meal) on the experimental pathology of necrotic enteritis in broilers. The Clostridium (Cl.) perfringens was obtained from the Department of Pathology, Bangladesh Agricultural University. Reconfirmation and recharacterization of Cl. perfringens were performed by culture, microscopic examination, staining and biochemical tests. The experimental pathologic studies were performed with supplementation of protein rich diet and challenged with Cl. perfringens in broilers. The dose of the inoculum for experimental infection with Cl. perfringens was 1x108 CFU/2.5ml. Fifteen birds of 21 days old were divided into 3 (A, B and C) groups each containing 5 birds. Birds of group A were fed with 50% fish meal at a rate of 500gm /kg of feed from day 21 to day 34 and challenged from day 28 to day 32 with 1x108 CFU/2.5ml. Birds of group B were fed with normal feed and challenged on day 28 for consecutive five days. Group C was kept as control with commercial normal pellet without Cl. perfringens. Birds of all groups were observed up to 34 days of age for clinical signs. Eighty percent (4/5) of the birds of group A developed moderate clinical signs like diarrhoea, ruffled feather and less feed intake whereas 40% (2/5) birds of group B developed same clinical signs like group A but in mild form. There was no mortality in any groups. All the birds were sacrificed at Day 35. Severe necrosis and hemorrhage in intestine, enlarged liver and hemorrhage in the base of heart were noted in the birds of group A. On an average 2-5 bacteria were found in impression smear of intestines in higher magnification (100x), and anaerobic bacteria counted from intestinal content was 1.51x107CFU/ml. In histopathology, necrosis and reactive cells were found in liver, heart, lung and sloughing off intestinal epithelium was also found in intestines. On the other hand similar lesions like group A were observed in the birds of group B but in moderate form and no bacteria was found in impression smears of intestines. Anaerobic bacteria counted from intestinal content of this group was 1.1x107CFU/ml. In histopathology necrosis, reactive cells were found but less than group A. The birds of group C were normal in all parameters. However, anaerobic bacteria count from the intestinal content was 0.8x107CFU/ml. From this study, it may be concluded that protein rich diet is a predisposing factor for necrotic enteritis in broilers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v11i1.17729 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2013). 11 (1): 21-29

scholarly journals Recovery of interfering and β-lactamase-producing bacteria from group A β-haemolytic streptococci carriers and non-carriers

2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1741-1744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook ◽  
Alan E. Gober
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Group A ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

The purpose of this study was to compare the frequency of recovery of aerobic and anaerobic organisms with interfering capability against group A β-haemolytic streptococci (GABHS) and β-lactamase-producing bacteria (BLPB) from the tonsils of GABHS carriers and non-carriers. The presence of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria capable of such interference in vitro was evaluated in cultures obtained from the tonsils of 20 healthy children who were non-GABHS carriers and 20 who were GABHS carriers, and also from 20 children who were asymptomatic after completing a course of penicillin for acute GABHS pharyngo-tonsillitis (PT) and were non-GABHS carriers and 20 who were GABHS carriers. In healthy children, 32 interfering isolates were recovered from 16 non-GABHS carriers (1.6 per child) and 13 were isolated from 7 GABHS carriers (0.65 per child) (P<0.001). In children who had suffered acute GABHS PT, 26 interfering organisms were recovered from 15 non-GABHS carriers (1.3 per child) and 8 were isolated from 5 GABHS carriers (0.4 per child) (P<0.005). In healthy children, 13 BLPB were recovered from 5 non-GABHS carriers and 13 were isolated from 6 GABHS carriers. In children who had suffered acute GABHS PT, 14 BLPB were recovered from 5 (25 %) non-GABHS carriers and 32 were isolated from 17 (85 %) GABHS carriers (P<0.05). It was demonstrated in this study that there was a higher rate of recovery of aerobic and anaerobic organisms capable of interfering with GABHS in non-GABHS carriers than in GABHS carriers. This was observed in all GABHS non-carriers and included healthy children as well as those recently treated for symptomatic GABHS PT with penicillin that failed to eradicate GABHS. A higher rate of recovery of BLPB was observed only in GABHS carriers who were treated with penicillin for GABHS PT.

Comparison of aortic remodelling after conservative treatment or thoracic endovascular repair in type B dissections

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 458-464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Migdat Mustafi ◽  
Mateja Andic ◽  
Oana Bartos ◽  
Gerd Grözinger ◽  
Christian Schlensak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Acute Type ◽  
Type B ◽  
Descending Aorta ◽  
Group A ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B

Abstract OBJECTIVES Our aim was to compare aortic remodelling in type B dissections after thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) or conservative treatment. METHODS We conducted a retrospective analysis of computed tomography (CT) data sets at dissection onset and at the last follow-up in a group with conservative (group A) and TEVAR treatment (group B). An additional analysis of the preoperative CT images was performed in patients from group A, who were converted to TEVAR during follow-up. Diameters and lengths of all aortic segments were measured and growth rates were calculated. RESULTS We included 74 patients: 50 patients in group A (follow-up time: 1625 ± 209 days) and 24 patients in group B (follow-up time: 554 ± 129 days). The mean aortic diameter growth rate was significantly higher in group A than in group B in the mid-descending aorta (A: +7 mm/year; B: −4 mm/year; P = 0.003). Length growth difference was only present in the abdominal aortic segment and was more pronounced in group A (+2 vs ±0 mm/year; P = 0.009). The conversion rate from conservative treatment to TEVAR was 36% (n = 18). A false lumen diameter of &gt;22 mm at baseline was associated with a higher rate of conversion (P = 0.036). After conversion, the mean growth rate in the proximal descending and mid-descending aorta decreased from preoperative +11 and +18 mm/year to postoperative −9 and −14 mm/year, respectively (P &lt; 0.001). CONCLUSIONS In acute type B dissections, TEVAR stops aortic enlargement in the thoracic aorta, but promotes distal dilatation compared to the conservative treatment group. After conversion to TEVAR in conservatively pretreated chronic type B dissections, a more pronounced diameter decrease in the descending aorta was observed than in patients treated in the acute phase.

scholarly journals Effect of Carbohydrate Rich Diet on Experimental Pathology of Necrotic Enteritis in Broilers

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-26
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
ME Kabir ◽  
S Sultana ◽  
J Ferdoush ◽  
T Ruba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Mucosal Epithelium ◽  
Experimental Pathology ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

The present research work was designed to know the effect of carbohydrate rich diet on the experimental pathology of necrotic enteritis in broilers. For experimental purpose, 15 birds of 14 days of age were grouped into 3 (A, B and C). Birds of group A were fed with 400gm maize/kg (40% increase) and group B were fed with 200gm maize/kg (20% increase) of normal feed from day 14 to day 27 and challenged from day 21 to 25 days with 1x108 CFU/3ml of inoculums of Cl. perfringens consecutive 5 days. Group C was kept in control without additional maize. Birds of all groups were observed up to 27 days of age. The clinical signs diarrhea, ruffled feather were common in both group A and B, and less feed intake in group A than group B. There was no mortality in any groups. Birds of all groups were sacrificed at the day 28. Necrosis and hemorrhage in intestine, enlarged liver, and hemorrhage in the base of heart were found in group A (+++). In impression smear of intestines, the average 10-12 bacteria were found in group A and 8-10 bacteria were found in group B in higher magnification (100X). In histopathology, severe infiltration of inflammatory cells including heterophils and lymphocytes and sloughing off mucosal epithelium that changed by pink color cytoplasm with pyknotic nuclei were observed in group A (+++) while group B showed infiltration of inflammatory cells and sloughing off mucosal epithelium (++). The birds of group C were normal in all respects. Anaerobic bacteria counted from intestinal content of group A was 2.8x107 CFU/ml, group B was 2.2x107 CFU/ml and group C was 1.0x107 CFU/ml. From the findings, it may be said that carbohydrate rich diet is a predisposing factor for necrotic enteritis in broilers.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjvm.v12i1.20459 Bangl. J. Vet. Med. (2014). 12 (1): 17-26 

Aerobic and Anaerobic Bacteriology of Perirectal Abscess in Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 282-284
Author(s):  
Itzhak Brook ◽  
William J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Oral Antibiotic ◽  
Incision And Drainage ◽  
Group A ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
And Staphylococcus Aureus

Aspirates of pus from perirectal abscesses in 28 children were studied for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. A total of 87 isolates (64 anaerobic and 23 aerobic) were recovered from the patients, an average of 2.3 anaerobes and 0.8 aerobes per specimen. Anaerobic organisms alone were recovered from 15 specimens (54%), and in nine specimens (32%) they were mixed with aerobic organisms. Aerobic organisms were recovered in pure culture in only four patients (14%). The predominant anaerobic organisms were Bacteroides sp (32 isolates, including 14 B fragilis group and seven B melaninogenicus group), Gram-positive anaerobic cocci(15), Fusobacterium sp (six), and Clostridium sp (three). The predominant aerobic organisms were Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus (six of each), group A β-hemolytic streptococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Proteus morganii (two of each). Five children had a serious underlying chronic disease; three of these had an accompanying bacteremia and two died. Incision and drainage were performed on all patients: some children also received parenteral, or oral antibiotic treatment, or both.

Paronychia: a Mixed Infection

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 358-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. BROOK
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumoniae ◽  
Mixed Infection ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Eikenella Corrodens ◽  
Bacteroides Species ◽  
Group A ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic ◽  
Fusobacterium Species

Cultures of paronychia of the fingers have grown aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Each was recovered individually in only about a quarter of the patients and a mixed aerobic/anaerobic flora was isolated in half of the patients. The predominant anaerobic organisms were Gram-positive anaerobic cocci, Bacteroides species and Fusobacterium species. The predominant aerobic organisms were Staphylococcus aureus, gamma-haemolytic streptococci, Eikenella corrodens, group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, alpha-hemolytic streptococci, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Candida albicans was recovered in about 15% of the cases. The management of this infection is discussed.

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