scholarly journals An Interlaboratory Survey of Hydrogen Ion and Blood Gas Determinations

1979 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-6) ◽  
pp. 249-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. M. McSweeney ◽  
D. G. Bullock ◽  
Ann Gregory ◽  
T. P. Whitehead
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Clinical Chemistry ◽  
The State ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Buffer Solutions ◽  
The Mean

A survey of [H+], Pco2, and Po2 analyses in 360 laboratories was conducted using three commercial control materials: two aqueous gas-equilibrated buffer solutions (General Diagnostics and IL) and one whole blood material (DADE). There was little difference in precision or accuracy between instruments, classified according to manufacturer into four groups, and materials for [H+] and Pco2, or in precision for Po2. There were, however, differences in accuracy between instrument groups for Po2 analysis on the aqueous materials, and in some cases the mean values lay outside the range assigned by the material manufacturers. The 35 instruments outside clinical chemistry departments yielded results similar to those of all participants. The relation between inter- and intra-laboratory precision was similar to that for many analytes, suggesting that neither these materials nor the state of these analyses is unsatisfactory. Aqueous materials should, however, be used with caution as accuracy controls for Po2.

Granulokinetics in normal dogs

1964 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Raab ◽  
J. W. Athens ◽  
O. P. Haab ◽  
D. R. Boggs ◽  
H. Ashenbrucker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Whole Blood ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Half Time ◽  
Total Blood ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Hexadimethrine Bromide ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Blood Granulocyte ◽  
Number Of Cells

Dog granulocytes were labeled in vitro with radioactive diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP32) and then returned to the circulation of the donor. Granulocytes were separated from whole blood by utilizing hexadimethrine bromide as the sedimenting agent and saponin as a lysing agent. The labeled granulocytes disappeared from the circulation in an exponential fashion with a mean (±1 sd) half-time disappearance of 5.6 ± 0.95 hr. The size of the total blood granulocyte ( TBGP), circulating granulocyte ( CGP), and marginal granulocyte ( MGP) pools, and the granulocyte turnover rate ( GTR) were measured in 31 normal, unanesthetized dogs. The mean values ± 1 sd, expressed as number of cells x107/kg body wt., were as follows: TBGP, 102 ± 34.8; CGP, 54 ± 20.7; MGP, 48 ± 23.4; and GTR, 305 ± 111.5 cells/kg day. The values observed in anesthetized and in unanesthetized, splenectomized dogs were not significantly different from the above values.

scholarly journals Clinical and blood gasometric parameters during Vaquejada competition

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 889-892
Author(s):  
Silvana S.B. Arruda ◽  
Lucio N. Huaixan ◽  
André R.C. Barreto-Vianna ◽  
Roberta F. Godoy ◽  
Eduardo M.M. Lima
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Physiological Demand ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Blood Gas Parameters ◽  
One Way Anova ◽  
Complementary Analysis

ABSTRACT: Clinical and complementary analysis are good alternatives to evaluate physiological demand in performance horses. The aim of this study was to assess whether the physical effort variation of the three-day Vaquejada competition (a Brazilian form of bullfighting) reflected in clinical and blood gasometric changes. During the competition eight sprints have been performed on the first day (D1), eight on the second (D2) and three on the last one (D3). Ten horses were evaluated by checking heart and respiratory rates and collecting blood samples for use in portable chemistry analyzer. Through that, it was assessed potential of hydrogen ion (pH), carbon dioxide pressure (pCO2), bicarbonate (HCO3-) and titratable base concentration (cBase). Evaluations were carried with resting of at least twenty hours, before physical activity (D0), as control parameter, and up to thirty minutes after each sprint. Clinical parameters have increased on D1, D2 and D3, when compared to D0, which demonstrated the increased demand for substrate and oxygen to the cells.. Blood gasometric trial showed reductions of all variables, most marked between D1 and D2. It was verified less alteration of all clinical and blood gasometric parameters in D3 against D0. We concluded that the change effort between days of competition influenced the clinical and blood gas parameters, demonstrating appropriate physiological response. The data were presented as mean and standard error of the mean (mean ± SEM) obtained in different days. Normality was confirmed by the Kolmogorov-Sminov test and data were compared by one-way ANOVA, followed by post-test Holm-Sidak (GraphPad Prism 2.6 for Windows, GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA). P≤0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

scholarly journals Hypoxia among patients on the liver-transplant waiting list

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Souto NACIF ◽  
Wellington ANDRAUS ◽  
Kathryn SARTORI ◽  
Carlos Marlon BENITES ◽  
Vinicius Rocha SANTOS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Transplant ◽  
Waiting List ◽  
Blood Type ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Liver Transplant Waiting List

Background: Hepatopulmonary syndrome is formed by a triad of liver disease, intrapulmonary vascular dilatation and changes in blood gases. This condition is present in 4-32% of patients with cirrhosis. Aim : To analyze the blood gas changes data of patients in liver-transplant waiting list. Method: Clinical data of 279 patients in liver transplantation waiting list in May 2013 were studied. Overall patient was analyzed by the demographic aspects, laboratorial and image findings on exams that determine lung disease (hypoxemia) in these cirrhotic patients. The mean values and standard deviations were used to examine normally distributed variables. Results: There was a high prevalence of male patients (68%); the mean age was 51(±5,89) years, and the predominant reason for listing was hepatitis C cirrhosis. The MELD score mean was 16±5,89, without prioritization or special situation. The most common blood type was O in 129 cases (46%) and the mean of body max index was 25,94±4,58. Regarding arterial blood gas tests was observed 214 patients with PaO2 <90 mmHg, 80 with PaO2 <80 mmHg and 39 with PaO2 <50 mmHg. In relation to O2 saturation, 50 patients had <90%, 33 <80% and 10 <50%. Conclusion: Was observed a high rate of hypoxemia in patients on waiting list liver transplant. Due to the high severity and morbidity, is suggested better monitoring and therapeutic support to hypoxemic patients on liver transplant waiting list.

scholarly journals Hydatidosis, cysticercosis, and tuberculosis rates in bovine slaughtered under state sanitary inspection in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roque Fernando Pinheiro Bica ◽  
Marina Venturini Copetti ◽  
Mário Celso Sperotto Brum
Keyword(s):  
Rio Grande ◽  
The State ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Diagnosis Rate ◽  
Tuberculosis Diagnosis ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Condemnation Data

ABSTRACT This study sought to evaluate the occurrence of lesions suggestive of hydatidosis, cysticercosis, and tuberculosis in animals slaughtered under sanitary inspection of the Divisão de Inspeção de Produtos de Origem Animal (DIPOA), in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Condemnation data between the years 2009 and 2017 were obtained from Secretaria da Agricultura Pecuária e Irrigação (SEAPI) and presented according to the administrative regions established by SEAPI. In that period, 7,509,544 cattle were slaughtered and condemnations occurred in all regions of the state at varying levels. The mean condemnation values showed the presence of hydatidosis in 523,399 (6.97%), cysticercosis in 92,277 (1.23%), and tuberculosis in 10,595 (0.14%) cattle carcasses. The mean values of hydatidosis diagnoses were higher in the regions of Alegrete (14.19%), Bagé (19.62%), and Pelotas (17.71%). The regions of Osório (1.86%), Santa Maria (2.10%), and São Luiz Gonzaga (1.83%) had highest rates of cysticercosis condemnations. All regions maintained an average bovine tuberculosis diagnosis rate of less than 1% and Estrela region had the highest index (0.70%). Results showed that the three diseases occurred in all regions of the state, the average prevalence rates in each region are variable, and distribution seems to be regionalized. This knowledge contributes to the plans for controlling these diseases, which are zoonoses that cause economic losses to the productive sector.

Aberrant PO2 values in proficiency testing

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-471
Author(s):  
C E Fonzi ◽  
J L Clausen ◽  
J Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Proficiency Testing ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Repeated Measurements ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Arterial Blood Gas ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Fluorocarbon Emulsion ◽  
The Mean

Abstract We prospectively determined the frequency of aberrant vials of fluorocarbon/buffer used for proficiency testing of measurements of pH, PCO2, and PO2, using 20 duplicate vials from 12 lots of fluorocarbon/buffer and two arterial blood gas analyzers in eight reference laboratories. We defined aberrant vials as vials for which both duplicate measurements differed from the mean value of repeated measurements for the specific instrument (for each lot of testing materials) by &gt; 0.04 for pH, &gt; 10% of the mean or 3.0 mm Hg, whichever was greater, for PCO2; or &gt; 10% of the mean or 6 mm Hg, whichever was greater, for PO2. Four of 1620 vials (0.25%) were aberrant, all based on PO2 measurements (&lt; 70 mm Hg); all would have failed in both American/California Thoracic Societies and College of American Pathologists proficiency programs. The average intra-instrument SDs of repeated measures (range of mean values: pH, 7.181-7.631; PCO2, 12.7-65.9; PO2, 32.5-150.1) were 0.0055 for pH, 0.67 mm Hg for PCO2, and 1.65 mm Hg for PO2. Deliberate contamination of the fluorocarbon emulsion with room air, as might occur during sampling from the vial, indicated that only minor increases in PO2 (e.g., 1.0 mm Hg at PO2 of 56 mm Hg) occur when samples are aspirated. Larger increases in PO2 (mean 7.1 mm Hg at a PO2 of 66 mm Hg) occurred when the syringe samples were contaminated with room air. We conclude that isolated aberrant measurements of PO2 in blood gas proficiency testing attributable to vial contents can occur, but the frequency is very low.

scholarly journals Clinical, Hematological, Blood Gasometric and Electrolytic Changes in Dogs Receiving Whole Blood Transfusions

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Elisa Pereira ◽  
Darlan Henrique Canei ◽  
Yolanda Paim Arruda Trevisan ◽  
Carolina Zorzo ◽  
Adriane Jorge Mendonça ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Electrolyte Balance ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

Background: Blood transfusion is a tool capable of saving lives. Patients undergoing blood transfusion usually present several alterations in the acid-base and electrolyte balance, aggravating the condition of critically ill patients. Some studies have demonstrated haematological alterations in certain species that received whole blood transfusions, however, few studies have evaluated acid base and electrolyte changes in dogs undergoing whole blood haemotherapy. The aim of this study was to analyze clinical, hematological, blood gas and electrolyte changes in anemic dogs after whole blood transfusion.Materials, Methods & Results:Twenty nine dogs transfused due to anemia were enrolled in the study. Donors blood was collected in a transfusion bag containing citrate phosphate adenine dextrose and stored up to 24 h. Blood collections and evaluations were made before and 24 h after the transfusion. Data distribution normality was tested by the Shapiro Wilk Test. The means of the variables were compared by paired t-test. It was observed an increase in diastolic blood pressure and a reduction in heart rate (P < 0.05). There was a not significant increase in systolic blood pressure, temperature, and a reduction in respiratory rate per minute. Erythrocyte, haemoglobin and haematocrit averages were significantly increased after blood transfusion (P < 0.05). It was observed a reduction in the mean values of pH (P < 0.05), potassium (P > 0.05) and ionized calcium (P > 0.05) and an increase in the mean partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) (P < 0.001), bicarbonate (P > 0.05) and sodium (P < 0.05). The probable cause of anemia was monocytic ehrlichiosis (14/29), visceral leishmaniasis (1/29), babesiosis (1/29), co-infection of Ehrlichia canis and Leishmaniainfantum (2/19), co-infection of E. canis and Babesia vogeli (1/19). It was not possible to determine the etiology of the anemia in ten dogs. Discussion:Heart rate significantly reduced after transfusion, probably because of the increase in hematocrit, hemoglobin and erythrocyte values. It may be justified by the displacement of extravascular fluid to the intravascular space. Mean values of systolic blood pressure were slightly elevated before transfusion and remained elevated afterwards, while diastolic and mean arterial pressure increased significantly after transfusion. These changes may be due to the morbid condition and may be influenced by many other factors. Haematocrit, haemoglobin and erythrocyte values increased significantly after transfusion, according to what was observed in other studies. The significant reduction in pH and increase in pCO2 reflects the compensatory mechanism for metabolic acidosis to increase ventilation, leading to pCO2 reduction and changes in pH. The reduction in pH due to the contact of the collected blood with conservative solutions is one of the main changes thar occurs during blood storage. It was described significantly lower pH in dogs’ whole blood samples stored for more than 24h in vacutainer plastic containing CPDA-1. We may assume there was no intense pH reduction in the present study because the bags were stored for up to 24 h. Although not statistically significant, the increase of pO2 mean reflects the improvement of tissue oxygen perfusion. It was observed a significant increase in sodium ions. The mean sodium ionconcentration before transfusion was very close to the maximum reference value. Hyperkalaemia was not observed, nor was there significant reduction of potassium ions after transfusion. Several studies report hyperkalaemia and transfusion-associated cardiac arrests in humans, associated with infusion of large volumes of blood. Whole blood transfusion increased erythrogram values and did not negatively affect the electrolyte or acid-base status, representing a safe and useful tool in the intensive care of small animals. 

scholarly journals Rainfall distribution over Delhi State during monsoon

MAUSAM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
D. A. MOOLEY
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Extreme Values ◽  
Monsoon Season ◽  
The State ◽  
Rainfall Distribution ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rainy Days

Based on the data for the period 1939-1954, the mean values of rainfall and number of rainy days during the, monsoon season at the various raingauge stations as well as the extreme values of these have been given; spatial distribution of heavy, rainfall over the State and the incidence of heavy rainfall at the various location have been studied. From a study of the synoptic charts on days prior to the days on which local heavy rainfall over was reported, an attempt has been made to indicate the topical synoptic situations which usually lead to local heavy rainfall over Delhi State during the next 24hours.Typical situation ‘have been illustrated by charts.  

scholarly journals BIOMETRY OF CALCIUM, INORGANIC PHOSPHORUS, CHOLESTEROL, AND LIPOID PHOSPHORUS IN THE BLOOD OF RABBITS

1929 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin R. Harnes
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Marked Decrease ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Inorganic Phosphorus ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mathematical Significance ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean

A series of determinations of inorganic phosphorus, calcium, cholesterol, and lecithin were made on a group of 10 animals living in the laboratory from Oct. 27, 1927, to May 17, 1928. A marked difference in both the trend and absolute values was noted in animals living in the laboratory when compared with the values obtained for animals living out-of-doors. With animals living in the open, the trend of variation for calcium was found to be the same. However, animals living in the laboratory maintained a higher level over the same period of time. The inorganic phosphorus and lecithin both showed a marked decrease and both maintained a lower level than was found in animals just received from the dealer. The cholesterol content of whole blood exhibited a similar trend in both groups of animals. However, it was found that animals living in the laboratory maintained a lower level than animals living out-of-doors. The mean value for calcium was found to be 15.7 ±0.05, for inorganic phosphorus 4.65 ±0.05 mg. per 100 cc. of blood serum, and for cholesterol 58.2 ±0.39 and lecithin 118.4 ±1.13 mg. per 100 cc. of whole blood. The coefficients of correlation having the highest degree of mathematical significance were obtained from the mean values for individual animals.

Trace elements in human clinical specimens: evaluation of literature data to identify reference values.

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Iyengar ◽  
J Woittiez
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Reference Intervals ◽  
Central Tendency ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Wide Scatter ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Reference values are proposed for the concentrations of As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Se, and Zn in whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair from adult human subjects. For F, I, and Ni, it was not possible to evaluate reference intervals for all the specimens mentioned above. For several elements, including Al, B, Br, Cs, Li, Rb, U, and V, the present status of the literature does not provide an adequate basis for formulating baseline concentrations; therefore, results from selected investigations are listed for information only. For elements such as Cu, Fe, and Zn, which are known to be homeostatically controlled, the concentrations in whole blood and blood serum follow a gaussian-like frequency distribution, and we could consider both median and mean values for evaluation. On the other hand, elements whose concentrations in tissues and body fluids are influenced by dietary availability (e.g., As and Se) or environmental factors (e.g., Cd, Hg, and Pb) show wide scatter. In these cases, the median appeared to be a better indicator of the central tendency than the mean, when different populations are involved. These points are illustrated.

Ionized calcium analyzer with a built-in pH correction.

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (7) ◽  
pp. 1264-1267 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Fogh-Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Ion ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
Hydrogen Ion ◽  
Free Calcium ◽  
Ion Selective Electrodes ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Hospital Employees ◽  
Serum Pool ◽  
The Mean

Abstract We describe a new semi-automated apparatus for simultaneously measuring the concentration of free calcium ion and of hydrogen ion (pH) at 37 degrees C. The sample volume is 110 microL. In addition to the actual values for these concentrations in the sample, the apparatus calculates the concentration of free calcium ion at pH 7.40. Mean values for serum from 51 fasting bedridden patients without calcium metabolic disorders and 64 fasting hospital employees were 1.192 and 1.232 mmol/L, respectively, with SD of 0.042 and 0.040 mmol/L, respectively. The within-series analytical SD was 12 mumol/L and the day-to-day SD of the pH-corrected concentration of free calcium ion was 21 mumol/L, as calculated from measurements made on a serum pool after equilibration with a CO2--air mixture. The mean dependency on pH as determined in 120 consecutive patients' sera equalled the built-in pH correction. The accuracy was evaluated by comparison with other calcium ion-selective electrodes.

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