The Population Mean Mood Predicts The Prevalence of Depression in an Australian Context

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 461-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron D Sia ◽  
Lana J Williams ◽  
Julie A Pasco ◽  
Felice N Jacka ◽  
Sharon L Brennan-Olsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Clinical Interview ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Population Mean ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The mean population mood has been demonstrated to strongly correlate with the prevalence of depression in European populations. Mean population mood has, therefore, been proposed as both a metric to measure the impact of population-level interventions to prevent depression and a target for public health policy. Aim: To demonstrate the relationship between mean population mood and the prevalence of depression using Australian data in order to broaden the applicability of this finding to the Australian population. Methods: We used data from the Geelong Osteoporosis Study to assess the relationship between population mean mood and depression. Participants reported mood symptoms via questionnaire (the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale or General Health Questionnaire-12). Depression was diagnosed by semi-structured clinical interview ( Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Non-patient Edition). Stratification by age and socio-economic status was used to create subpopulation groups. Socio-economic status was measured using Index of Relative Socio-economic Advantage and Disadvantage quintiles, an area-based measure based on Australian census data and published by the Australian Bureau of Statistics. The mean subpopulation questionnaire scores and subpopulation prevalence of depression were then analysed using regression and predictive models. Results: Mean subpopulation questionnaire scores correlated well with the prevalence of depression across socio-economic status groups in women but not age groups. Questionnaire scores tended to underestimate the prevalence of depression in the young and overestimate it in the elderly. Conclusion: The mean population mood was demonstrated to correlate with the population prevalence of depression in Australia for women, but not for men. Due to the issues of questionnaire validity and sample size in the oldest age groups, the age analysis is unlikely to be a representative of population characteristics. Further work to identify population determinants of mean mood could potentially create policy targets to reduce the prevalence of depression.

ECP02-01 - Globalisation and the impact of economic factors on psychiatric disorders

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 1795-1795
Author(s):  
D. Bhugra
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Psychiatric Morbidity ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Level Of Economic Development ◽  
Migration Experiences ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

IntroductionWith the process of globalisation in full flow, the movement of people and products across the globe has brought a series of difficulties. With migration the socio-economic status of the individuals may change with the likelihood that this status will be lower rather than higher, although depending upon the reasons for migration this may change too.ObjectivesLiterature shows that low socio-economic status is associated with a higher level of psychiatric morbidity.AimsWhether migration acts as a mediator needs to be investigated further.MethodsVarious studies have shown that rates of psychosis are elevated in migrants though these rates are differentially increased in different groups indicating that factors other than migration may be at play.ResultsIn this presentation the literature and link the acculturation and cultural identity with post-migration experiences will be reviewed.ConclusionA link exists between the perceptions within cultures and level of economic development of what constitutes mental health. The state of advancement of mental health services of a country will certainly have a large impact on prevalence rates. Further investigation should be carried out to examine in greater depth the relationship between social inequality and disorder prevalence, as distinct from income inequality.

scholarly journals Survey on Females' Constraints in Physical Recreation Participation

2005 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
Pui Yee CHEUNG
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Time Constraints ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Physical Recreation ◽  
Recreation Participation ◽  
Perceived Constraints ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.Female of all age groups and socio-economic status do face a number of constraints in pursuing physical recreation activity. The present paper aimed to study the constraints of female's physical recreation participation, and the relationship of perceived constraints and the level of participation between different occupation status, education level, and marital status. Two hundred and eight females aged 18 to 60 were invited to fill in the Physical Recreation Participation Questionnaire (PRPQ) to identify their perceived constraints and level of physical recreation participation. Results indicated that there were certain constraints factors, such as psychological constraints, accessibility constraints and time constraints, more related to the constriction in female physical recreation participation. When analyzing the constraint dimensions with different status towards participation frequency, the result was not necessary negatively related. Only housewives and middle education level women with lower perceived constraints demonstrated higher physical recreation participation than their counterparts.在參與康樂性質的體能活動時，無論年紀多大或有何種社會地位，女性均會面對不同的參與阻礙，本研究旨在了解其中的參與阻礙與女性的職業、敎育水平及婚姻狀況的關係。208位女士被邀請填寫「參舆體育康樂活動問卷」(PAPQ)。結果顯示心理因素、場地因素及時間因素為主要的參與阻礙；但是，參與阻礙與參與頻率並沒有呈反相關。另外，經常參與活動的家庭主婦及中等程度學歷的女士均面對較低的參與阻礙。

Stress exposure as a mechanism of the impact of socio-economic status on health quality

2017 ◽  
pp. 471-483
Author(s):  
Vladimir Mentus ◽  
Tatjana Mentus
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Methodological Issues ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Health Quality ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The subject of this paper is stress exposure as one of the mechanisms through which the socioeconomic status may affect the health. First of all, the nature of the relationship between the socioeconomic status and the health quality, as well as possible mechanisms of relationship between them in general are presented. Then, an overview of the relationship between socioeconomic status and stress exposure is provided, as well as previous research results in this field. Finally, mechanisms by which stress exposure may affect health quality are presented. The largest number of studies indicates a positive correlation between socioeconomic position and health quality and a negative correlation between status and stress exposure, as well as health quality and stress exposure. The results regarding the relationship between socioeconomic status and stress exposure are in this respect the least consistent, mostly due to differences in the conceptualizations and operationalizations, poor representativeness of samples, and other methodological issues, as well as the characteristics of the examined populations themselves. Further, behaviors relevant to health quality, such as diet or physical activity, are to a great extent related to socioeconomic status and stress exposure. Whatever the mechanisms by which the interaction between these variables is explained may be, the socioeconomic status is probably the key for prevention and overcoming stressful situations, and thus, for health in general.

scholarly journals Assessing the impact on inequalities in use of orthodontic services of the introduction of an objective measure of treatment need in Northern Ireland

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kishan Patel ◽  
Ciaran O'Neill
Keyword(s):  
Northern Ireland ◽  
Service Use ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Publicly Funded ◽  
Statistical Research ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Background with rationalePrevious work has shown the existence of a sharp socio-economic gradient with respect to orthodontic services in Northern Ireland. The work demonstrated that those of lower socio-economic status had an odds ratio of 0.79 (95% CI 0.69 - 0.91) compared to those of higher socio-economic status with respect to the consumption of orthodontic services. In response to this, an objective measure of treatment need for such publicly funded services was introduced in 2014. Main AimThis study will use a record-linkage methodology to examine the relationship between use of publicly funded orthodontic care and the introduction of the index of treatment need (IOTN) in Northern Ireland in 2014. Methods/ApproachFollowing a similar approach to that used previously, data related to use of orthodontic services was linked to socio-economic characteristics from the 2011 Census for members of the Northern Ireland Longitudinal Study. The relationship between socio-economic status and uptake of orthodontic services in the 3 years before and after the introduction of IOTN will be examined using an interrupted time series analysis as well as by the comparison of concentration indices across the study period. ResultsAll results must be cleared by the Northern Ireland Statistical Research Agency before release. We expect cleared results to be available imminently and anticipate these showing a change in the uptake of publicly funded orthodontic services as well as a reduction in the socio-economic gradient over time. ConclusionThe identification of inequalities in the use of publicly funded services requires an appropriate policy response. We anticipate that the introduction of IOTN as a criterion for access to publicly funded care will have successfully reduced the use of such services unrelated to need and the existence of inequalities in service use conditioned on need.

Poverty and Threat Reactivity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lou Safra ◽  
Coralie Chevallier ◽  
Amine Sijilmassi
Keyword(s):  
Economic Status ◽  
Correlational Study ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Relationship

A correlational study to test the relationship between socio-economic status and reactivity to threats.

Heart Rate and Neurological Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Targeted Temperature Management

2020 ◽  
pp. 088506662098250
Author(s):  
Chad M. Conner ◽  
William H. Perucki ◽  
Andre Gabriel ◽  
David M. O’Sullivan ◽  
Antonio B. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Targeted Temperature Management ◽  
Temperature Management ◽  
Neurological Outcomes ◽  
Neurologic Outcomes ◽  
Resuscitation Guidelines ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: There is a paucity of data evaluating the impact of heart rate (HR) during Targeted Temperature Management (TTM) and neurologic outcomes. Current resuscitation guidelines do not specify a HR goal during TTM. We sought to determine the relationship between HR and neurologic outcomes in a single-center registry dataset. Methods: We retrospectively studied 432 consecutive patients who completed TTM (33°C) after cardiac arrest from 2008 to 2017. We evaluated the relationship between neurologic outcomes and HR during TTM. Pittsburgh Cerebral Performance Categories (CPC) at discharge were used to determine neurological recovery. Statistical analysis included chi square, Student’s t-test and Mann-Whitney U. A logistic regression model was created to evaluate the strength of contribution of selected variables on the outcome of interest. Results: Approximately 94,000 HR data points from 432 patients were retrospectively analyzed; the mean HR was 82.17 bpm over the duration of TTM. Favorable neurological outcomes were seen in 160 (37%) patients. The mean HR in the patients with a favorable outcome was lower than the mean HR of those with an unfavorable outcome (79.98 bpm vs 85.67 bpm p < 0.001). Patients with an average HR of 60-91 bpm were 2.4 times more likely to have a favorable neurological outcome compared to than HR’s < 60 or > 91 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.61-3.46, p < 0.001). Specifically, mean HR’s in the 73-82 bpm range had the greatest rate of favorable outcomes (OR 3.56, 95% CI 1.95-6.50), p < 0.001. Administration of epinephrine, a history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension all were associated with worse neurological outcomes independent of HR. Conclusion: During TTM, mean HRs between 60-91 showed a positive association with favorable outcomes. It is unclear whether a specific HR should be targeted during TTM or if heart rates between 60-91 bpm might be a sign of less neurological damage.

scholarly journals Influence of Physical Activity and Socio-Economic Status on Depression and Anxiety Symptoms in Patients after Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (15) ◽  
pp. 8058
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Paprocka-Borowicz ◽  
Mona Wiatr ◽  
Maria Ciałowicz ◽  
Wojciech Borowicz ◽  
Agnieszka Kaczmarek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Post Stroke ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Post Stroke Depression ◽  
The Impact

Stroke is a high-risk factor for depression. Neurological rehabilitation is greatly difficult and often does not include treatment of depression. The post-stroke depression plays an important role in the progress of treatment, health, and the life of the patient. The appropriate treatment of depression could improve the quality of life of the patient and their family. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of physical activity and socio-economic status of the patient on the effectiveness of recovery from depression and the severity of the symptoms of depression. The study was conducted with 40 patients after stroke aged 42–82 years, and included 10 women and 30 men who were hospitalized for two weeks. The severity of depression/anxiety (D/A) symptoms were evaluated two times; at admission and after two weeks of physical therapy. The hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS) questionnaire was used for this purpose. Socio-economic status was evaluated by several simple questions. It was revealed that physical therapy has a positive influence on mental state. The severity of D/A symptoms after stroke is related to the financial status of the patients (2 = 11.198, p = 0.024). The state of health (2 = 20.57, p = 0.022) and physical fitness (2 = 12.95, p = 0.044) changed the severity of symptoms of anxiety and depressive disorders. The kinesiotherapy in the group of patients with post-stroke depression had positive effects; however, economic and health conditions may influence the prognosis of the disease.

scholarly journals Is socio-economic status a determinant of HIV-related stigma attitudes in Zimbabwe? Findings from Project Accept

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kudzanai Mateveke ◽  
Basant Singh ◽  
Alfred Chingono ◽  
E. Sibanda ◽  
Ian Machingura
Keyword(s):  
Social Isolation ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Target Population ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Voluntary Counseling And Testing ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Stigma And Discrimination ◽  
Related Stigma ◽  
The Impact

HIV related stigma and discrimination is a known barrier for HIV prevention and care. We aimed to assess the relationship between socio-economic status (SES) and HIV related stigma in Zimbabwe. This paper uses data from Project Accept, which examined the impact of community-based voluntary counseling and testing intervention on HIV incidence and stigma. Total of 2522 eligible participants responded to a psychometric assessment tool, which assessed HIV related stigma and discrimination attitudes on 4 point Likert scale. The tool measured three components of HIVrelated stigma: shame, blame and social isolation, perceived discrimination, and equity. Participants’ ownership of basic assets was used to assess the socio-economic status. Shame, blame and social isolation component of HIV related stigma was found to be significantly associated with medium [odds ratio (OR)=1.73, P<0.01] and low SES (OR=1.97, P<0.01), indicating more stigmatizing attitudes by participants belonging to medium and low SES in comparison to high SES. For HIV related stigma and discrimination programs to be effective, they should take into account the socio-economic context of target population.

scholarly journals Analyzing the Effect of the Senior Management’s Support on the Relationship between Factors Affecting and Employees’ Performance in the Al-Zawiya University of Libya

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Nasreddin Ramadhan Dukhan ◽  
Norhisham Mohamad ◽  
Asbi B Ali
Keyword(s):  
Likert Scale ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Multiple Groups ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Variable Performance

This study aims to test the influence of the senior management’s support as a moderating variable on the relationship between the independent factors (Training, Empowerment, Motivation and Communication) and the dependent variable (Performance of Employees). (SEM-AMOS) is used to test the impact of the moderating variable. Where it is depended on the method of sampling or analysis of what is known as multiple-groups analysis. The paragraphs of the senior management’s support variable are collected and divided into two groups according to the mean of the total paragraphs. In addition, according to the relative weights given to the paragraphs of the questionnaire, using a five- point’s Likert scale: 1= strongly disagree to 5 = strongly agree. The first group consisted of the grades less than the mean and it is considered as the group which is non-supporters of the existence of support. While the second group consisted of the grades higher than the mean and considered as the group which is a supporter of the existence of support. The study found that the model of study in the presence of the support of the senior management’s is appropriate for the second group and inappropriate in light of the lack of support by the senior management’s support for the first group.

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