China’s Afghanistan Policy

China Report ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raghav Sharma
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Political Arena ◽  
Current Strategy ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
International Profile ◽  
The Impact

This article analyses the trajectory that Sino-Afghan relations have acquired since 2001. In doing so it undertakes an analysis of China’s key interests in the commercial, security and political arena in Afghanistan and the policies adopted by Beijing to secure these interests. The analysis particularly takes into account four factors which have left a crucial imprint in moulding the contours of Beijing’s engagement with Kabul, namely, the Indo-Pak equation, implications of a large US military presence in the region, consequences of growing drug proliferation and its linkages with pan-Islamist groups which in turn could potentially stir trouble in Xinjiang and adversely impact upon China’s desire to expand and secure its commercial interests in the region. The article analyses the impact that events in Afghanistan are likely to have on China’s own internal challenges in Xinjiang as also its larger interests in South Asia and argues that given Beijing’s growing international profile and the increasingly transnational nature of the events unfolding in Afghanistan, China will need to recalibrate its current strategy.

Searching for Security, 1942–1947

Armed Guests ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 106-168
Author(s):  
Sebastian Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Political ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Open Question ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Second World ◽  
Over Time

In the uncertain security climate after the conclusion of the Second World War but before the intensification of the Cold War, the major factor that shaped US strategic planning was the impact of novel destructive technologies that radically increased the speed and scale of warfare. American planners responded by seeking to enlarge the defensive perimeter of the United States beyond its territory. How to realize this and what it meant in concrete terms, however, was an open question. Over time, the wartime allies worked out a variety of arrangements premised on different rationales in light of the political difficulties associated with a foreign peacetime military presence. Where US military presences were maintained, they were predicated on temporary conditions, and none were fated to become the kind of arrangements we are familiar with today. The discussion develops case studies of American interactions with Canada, Portugal, Britain, France, Iceland, and Saudi Arabia.

scholarly journals China’s Policy in Refusing North Korea Nuclear Proliferation

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 100
Author(s):  
Vera Zerlinda Alamsyah Sulaiman
Keyword(s):  
North Korea ◽  
Korean War ◽  
Nuclear Proliferation ◽  
Security Threat ◽  
Extended Deterrence ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Korean War ◽  
The Impact

This paper explains the main factors underlying China's policy of refusing North Korea's nuclear proliferation, whereas the two countries have established defense alliance relations since the breakup of the Korean War. Geopolitically, North Korea is a strategic country for China in the East Asian region, and both countries view the presence of the US military in the region as a threat. Subsequently, North Korea began to develop its nuclear capability to challenge the continuous US military presence in South Korea. Although China and North Korea see the US influence as a security threat, China maintains its position of refusing North Korea nuclear proliferation. Previous studies regarding the relations between the two countries have explained the factors that underlie China's refusal of North Korea's nuclear proliferation. However, there have been no studies that precisely portray how nuclear weapons can influence China's policy-making towards its allies. By using extended deterrence perspective, this paper explains the variables that influence China's rejection of North Korea's nuclear proliferation. The main argument in this study is that China refuses North Korea's nuclear proliferation as a result of the disadvantage if North Korea continues its nuclear proliferation and the impact towards the regional stability that is unfavorable to China.

Friends from North, Foes from South

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avinash Paliwal
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
Proxy War ◽  
Military Support

The United Front’s relationship with India was anything but that of ‘dependency’. In limited in capacity and separated by geography, India was arguably the least important cog in the Iran-Russia-India triumvirate that gave covert military support to the UF. Even though the India-UF relationship withstood various Taliban and Pakistani military onslaughts, its long-term sustainability was in doubt among Indian policymakers. One incident that gave an impetus to this relationship — but also underlined its limitations — however, was the hijacking of Indian Airlines flight IC-814 in December 1999. The incident further strengthened partisans who wanted to wage an active proxy war against Pakistan and theTaliban. Occurring in the wake of nuclearization of South Asia in 1998, the India-Pakistan conflict in Kargil in 1999, and Pakistani military presence in Afghanistan, Indian diplomacy on Afghanistan in the second half of 1990s is highly indicative both of its strategic resolve and limits of influence.

scholarly journals Diabetes among tuberculosis patients and its impact on tuberculosis treatment in South Asia: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanju Gautam ◽  
Nipun Shrestha ◽  
Sweta Mahato ◽  
Tuan P. A. Nguyen ◽  
Shiva Raj Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Treatment Failure ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Treatment Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Tb Treatment ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Pooled Prevalence ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe escalating burden of diabetes is increasing the risk of contracting tuberculosis (TB) and has a pervasive impact on TB treatment outcomes. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the burden of diabetes among TB patients and assess its impact on TB treatment in South Asia (Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka). PubMed, Excerpta Medica Database (EMBASE), and CINAHL databases were systematically searched for observational (cross-sectional, case–control and cohort) studies that reported prevalence of diabetes in TB patients and published between 1 January 1980 and 30 July 2020. A random-effect model for computing the pooled prevalence of diabetes and a fixed-effect model for assessing its impact on TB treatment were used. The review was registered with PROSPERO number CRD42020167896. Of the 3463 identified studies, a total of 74 studies (47 studies from India, 10 from Pakistan, four from Nepal and two from both Bangladesh and Sri-Lanka) were included in this systematic review: 65 studies for the prevalence of diabetes among TB patients and nine studies for the impact of diabetes on TB treatment outcomes. The pooled prevalence of diabetes in TB patients was 21% (95% CI 18.0, 23.0; I2 98.3%), varying from 11% in Bangladesh to 24% in Sri-Lanka. The prevalence was higher in studies having a sample size less than 300 (23%, 95% CI 18.0, 27.0), studies conducted in adults (21%, 95% CI 18.0, 23.0) and countries with high TB burden (21%, 95% CI 19.0, 24.0). Publication bias was detected based on the graphic asymmetry of the funnel plot and Egger’s test (p < 0.001). Compared with non-diabetic TB patients, patients with TB and diabetes were associated with higher odds of mortality (Odds Ratio (OR) 1.7; 95% CI 1.2, 2.51; I2 19.4%) and treatment failure (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.1, 2.4; I2 49.6%), but not associated with Multi-drug resistant TB (OR 1.0; 95% CI 0.6, 1.7; I2 40.7%). This study found a high burden of diabetes among TB patients in South Asia. Patients with TB-diabetes were at higher risk of treatment failure and mortality compared to TB alone. Screening for diabetes among TB patients along with planning and implementation of preventive and curative strategies for both TB and diabetes are urgently needed.

An Enhanced Influence of Tropical Indian Ocean on the South Asia High after the Late 1970s

2012 ◽  
Vol 25 (20) ◽  
pp. 6930-6941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xia Qu ◽  
Gang Huang
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
South Asia ◽  
Tropical Indian Ocean ◽  
Tropospheric Temperature ◽  
Decadal Change ◽  
The South ◽  
South Asia High ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Change In Mean ◽  
Sst Anomalies

Abstract The tropical Indian Ocean (TIO)’s influence on the South Asia high (SAH)’s intensity experiences a decadal change in the late 1970s; after (before) the decadal shift, the influence is significant (insignificant). The present study investigates the role of tropospheric temperature in relaying the impact of sea surface temperature (SST) to the SAH and the change in the TIO’s influence. During the two epochs, the local tropospheric temperature responses to the TIO warming are distinct—more significant during the second epoch. It is inferred that this change may be responsible for the strengthening of the TIO’s influence on the SAH. Encouragingly, the ensemble simulations accurately capture the time of the decadal change, indicating that the enhanced influence is attributed to the SST forcing. There are two possible reasons for the change in the TIO–SAH relationship. The first reason is the change in the locations of the SST anomalies in the TIO. During the second epoch, positive SST anomalies lie in the Indian Ocean warm pool. Through the background vigorous convection and moist adjustment, the SST anomalies affect largely the tropospheric temperature and thus the SAH. The second reason is the decadal change in mean SST and the SST variability. During the recent decades, both the background SST and the variability of the TIO SST increase, which enhance the influence of the SST anomalies on the atmosphere. The influence of the remote oceanic forcing on the enhanced TIO–SAH relationship and its comparison with the contribution of the TIO SST are also discussed.

Damaged by the Disaster: The Impact of COVID-19 on Firms in South Asia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlan Brucal ◽  
Arti Grover ◽  
Santiago Reyes Ortega
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals (Non)Places of Bangalore: Where the East Meets the West in Bharati Mukherjee’s Miss New India

2019 ◽  
pp. 83-90
Author(s):  
Izabella Kimak
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Asian American ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The West ◽  
South Asian American ◽  
Primary Location ◽  
Spatial Locations ◽  
The Impact

This essay constitutes an attempt at reading Bharati Mukherjee’s 2011 novel, Miss New India, through the prism of spatial locations depicted in it. Unlike many of the texts in the late South Asian American author’s oeuvre, which depict migration from the East to the West, Miss New India is located exclusively within South Asia. This notwithstanding, the novel focuses on the impact the West used to and continues to exert on the East. I would like to argue that through her depictions of places and non-places of Bangalore-the novel’s primary location-Mukherjee points to the spatial interconnectedness of the East and the West as well as to the temporal interconnectedness of the colonial past and postcolonial, late-capitalist present.

scholarly journals Militarization, slow violence, and the emerging threat of condemnation in Hawai‘i

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 3.1-3.12
Author(s):  
N. Mahina Tuteur
Keyword(s):  
Active Role ◽  
Kanaka Maoli ◽  
Public Purpose ◽  
Us Military ◽  
Military Presence ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Military ◽  
Fair Market Value

This article examines the environmental impacts of the US military presence in Hawaii, looking specifically at the federal government’s power to condemn land for a ‘public purpose’ under the US Constitution. In 2018, the Hawaii Supreme Court ruled that the State of Hawaii failed its duty to properly manage 23,000 acres of lands leased to the military at Pōhakuloa and must take an active role in preserving trust property. With the expiration of this lease (and several others) approaching in 2029, controversy is stirring as to whether the military will simply condemn these lands if the cost of clean-up is greater than the land’s fair-market value at the expiration of the lease. In other words, as long as it remains cheaper for the military to pollute and condemn than it is for it to restore, what options do we have for legal and political recourse? Considering grassroots movements’ strategic use of media and legal action through an environmental justice lens, this article provides a starting point to consider avenues for ensuring proper clean-up of these lands, and ultimately, negotiating for their return to Kānaka Maoli.

scholarly journals COVID-19: Impact on linguistic and genetic isolates of India

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prajjval Pratap Singh ◽  
Prashanth Suravajhala ◽  
Chandana Basu Mallick ◽  
Rakesh Tamang ◽  
Ashutosh Kumar Rai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Indigenous Populations ◽  
Runs Of Homozygosity ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Asian Populations ◽  
Genetic Isolates ◽  
General Populations ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe rapid expansion of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has impacted various ethnic groups all over the world. The burden of infectious diseases including COVID-19 are generally reported to be higher for the Indigenous people. The historical knowledge have also suggested that the indigenous populations suffer more than the general populations in the pandemic. Recently, it has been reported that the indigenous groups of Brazil have been massively affected by COVID-19. Series of studies have shown that many of the indigenous communities reached at the verge of extinction due to this pandemic. Importantly, South Asia also has several indigenous and smaller communities, that are living in isolation. Till date, despite the two consecutive waves in India, there is no report on the impact of COVID-19 for indigenous tribes. Since smaller populations experiencing drift may have greater risk of such pandemic, we have analysed Runs of Homozygosity (ROH) among South Asian populations and identified several populations with longer homozygous segments. The longer runs of homozygosity at certain genomic regions may increases the susceptibility for COVID-19. Thus, we suggest extreme careful management of this pandemic among isolated populations of South Asia.

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