scholarly journals How Political Careers affect Prime-Ministerial Performance: Evidence from Central and Eastern Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 001041402199717
Author(s):  
Florian Grotz ◽  
Ferdinand Müller-Rommel ◽  
Jan Berz ◽  
Corinna Kroeber ◽  
Marko Kukec
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Research ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
The Political ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Political Careers ◽  
Party Leaders ◽  
Prime Ministers ◽  
Parliamentary Democracies ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Domestic Affairs

Even though Prime Ministers (PMs) are the central actors in parliamentary democracies, little comparative research explores what makes them perform successfully in office. This article investigates how the political careers of PMs affect their performance. For this purpose, we make use of a unique expert survey covering 131 cabinets in 11 Central and Eastern European countries between 1990 and 2018. Performance is defined as a two-dimensional set of tasks PMs ought to fulfill: first, managing the cabinet and directing domestic affairs as tasks delegated to their office, second, ensuring support of parliament and their own party, who constitute the direct principals. The findings indicate that a simple political insider career is not sufficient to enhance prime-ministerial performance. Rather, PMs who served as party leaders have the best preconditions to succeed in office.

Survey of otolaryngology services in Ukraine and neighbouring Central and Eastern European countries

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (11) ◽  
pp. 1002-1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
M M Verkerk ◽  
R Wagner ◽  
R Fishchuk ◽  
J J Fagan
Keyword(s):  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Speech Therapy ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Service Improvement ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Humanitarian Crisis ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Training

AbstractObjective:The present humanitarian crisis in Ukraine is putting strains on its healthcare system. This study aimed to assess services and training in otolaryngology, audiology and speech therapy in Ukraine and its geographical neighbours.Method:Survey study of 327 otolaryngologists from 19 countries.Results:Fifty-six otolaryngologists (17 per cent) from 15 countries responded. Numbers of otolaryngologists varied from 3.6 to 12.3 per 100 000 population (Ukraine = 7.8). Numbers of audiologists varied from 0, in Ukraine, to 2.8 per 100 000, in Slovakia, and numbers of speech therapists varied from 0, in Bulgaria, to 4.0 per 100 000, in Slovenia (Ukraine = 0.1). Ukraine lacks newborn and school hearing screening, good availability of otological drills and microscopes, and a cochlear implant programme.Conclusion:There is wide variation in otolaryngology services in Central and Eastern Europe. All countries surveyed had more otolaryngologists per capita than the UK, but availability of audiology and speech and language therapy is poor. Further research on otolaryngology health outcomes in the region will guide service improvement.

scholarly journals Polish-Russian Economic Relations Under the Conditions of System Transformation

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Paweł Bożyk
Keyword(s):  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Economic Transformation ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Trade Volume ◽  
System Transformation ◽  
Russian Market ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Standards And Regulations ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The rapid economic transformation in Central and Eastern Europe, modelled on Western economies and based, in some aspects, on neoliberal principles, Has found the region’s countries to a bigger (Eastern European countries) or lesser (Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary) degree unprepared. The resulting economic recession, especially in Russia, has had an adverse effect on mutual trade between Poland and Russia. In order to improve economic relations with Russia and increase the trade volume, Poland, remaining within the bounds of EU standards and regulations, needs to adapt the commodity structure of Polish exports to the needs of the Russian market.

scholarly journals The ‘drifting Generation’ without a Helmsman. Main obstacles in shaping the Relations between the Political Parties and the Youth in Poland

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-351
Author(s):  
Radosław Marzęcki
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Social Movement ◽  
The Political ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Democratic Culture ◽  
Efficient Communication ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Discourse Understanding

Abstract In the article the author presents data to identify the most important obstacles hindering efficient communication between political parties and Polish youth. The main assumptions accepted by the author are related to the belief that the Central and Eastern European countries are still trying to figure out ways of dealing with the key challenges related to transformation – the (re)creation of the civil society and a new, democratic culture of political discourse. Understanding that all social change is evolutionary and is a part of some social movement, the author assumes that the post-communist societies now face a chance to meaningfully accelerate this process. The chance is related to the young generation of citizens – often of the same age as the democracies themselves.

Central and Eastern Europe & The Republics of the Former Soviet Union: Guide to Current Sources of Laws and Other Documents in English

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-190
Author(s):  
Marta Kiszely
Keyword(s):  
Soviet Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Electronic Format ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
English Translations ◽  
Foreign Materials ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Due to the rapid changes in the legal systems of Central and Eastern European countries and the republics of the former Soviet Union, the question that researchers and librarians nowadays face is how to get current foreign materials in English in a reliable published form. Only two years ago the problem was that there were no comprehensive, consistent, and current sources in English translations. Today the problem is not so much finding sources as being certain of the reliability and continuity of the available sources. There is a boom in new publications and services (both primary and secondary, both in paper and in electronic format), but one cannot always count on them for timely, regular publication, and consistent scope of coverage.

scholarly journals Domestic Final Demand as a Determinant of R&D Activity in Selected Central and Eastern European Countries

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-128
Author(s):  
Iwona Świeczewska
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Final Demand ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Household Demand ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Leontief Model ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
The Impact

This article presents the results of an empirical study conducted based on selected countries in Central and Eastern Europe. The study focused on the impact of domestic final demand for products manufactured by individual industries on the R&D activity in the country. The main research tools are the Leontief model and R&D multipliers. The application of the input-output methods allows domestic R&D expenditures to be broken down into institutional sectors to establish what part of the expenditures is embodied in products manufactured to meet final household demand, in exports, etc.

Translation channels

Target ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana Popa
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Literary Texts ◽  
The Political ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
International Circulation ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Focusing on a comparative analysis of the translations in French of literary works from four Eastern European countries (Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary and Romania) during the communist period, this article examines the political stakes of the international circulation of literary texts. More precisely, it proposes a model for describing the different modalities of international circulation—referred to here as translation channels—based on the statistical analysis of a relevant set of variables. These channels allow us to present a gradation of the degree of politicization and institutionalization of the literary transfer, and to go well beyond an analysis in terms of the undifferentiated flow of imported books or the simple opposition of authorized vs. unauthorized translations or submissive vs. dissenting writers.

scholarly journals Comparative Analysis of Private Equity Market in Poland and Other Central and Eastern European Countries

2011 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 87-107
Author(s):  
Tomasz Sosnowski
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Private Equity ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Equity Market ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Main Emphasis ◽  
Equity Funds ◽  
Private Equity Funds ◽  
Eastern European Countries

The main goal of this article is an analysis of the development stage attained by the private equity market in Poland and its comparison with similar markets in other countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The main emphasis has been laid on the very essence of this source of capital and its importance for development of small and medium-sized enterprises. The performed analysis has allowed to verity the hypothesis saying that private equity funds in Poland display a greater involvement in comparison with such funds in the remaining countries of this region, which is confirmed by the value of capital invested in Polish enterprises and the value of divestments in Poland. The empirical data used in this article come from statistical reports of the European Private Equity and Venture Capital Association.

scholarly journals Regional Cooperation in Central and Eastern Europe and its Implications for the EU

European View ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktória Jančošekovà
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Visegrád Countries ◽  
The Eu

Regional cooperation is mutually beneficial collaboration between neighbouring countries. This holds regardless of whether it is a matter of cooperation between the Benelux countries, the Nordic–Baltic states, France and Germany, or the Visegrad countries. The last-mentioned countries' dismissive attitude to tackling the migration crisis has thrust them into the limelight. The most recent cooperative forums in the Central Eastern Europe region, such as the Slavkov Triangle and the Three Seas Initiative, evidence a new dynamic and a regrouping of forces on the basis of national interests and EU themes. Western and Eastern Europe have different approaches to the most pressing challenges, such as migration. These differences have caused deep divisions between their respective leaders. However, the disagreements on the migration issue and the future of the EU notwithstanding, regional cooperation among the Central and Eastern European countries remains valuable in areas that include the integration process, security and defence.

The changing nature of the transatlantic link: U.S. approaches and implications for Central and Eastern Europe

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
The United States ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Transatlantic Trade ◽  
Transatlantic Relationship ◽  
Eastern European Countries ◽  
Economic Ties ◽  
The Military ◽  
The U.S

This article examines the changing security, economic and diplomatic components of the transatlantic link, with a particular focus on Washington’s approach and implications for Central and Eastern Europe. The United States continues to play an essential role as security underwriter in the region, but the military dimension of the transatlantic relationship is transforming and will result in greater burdens on Europeans. Economic links between the U.S. and Central Europe are developing more strongly than generally understood, and the Transatlantic Trade and Investment Partnership is likely to drive both political and economic ties. Unconventional gas developments are enhancing U.S. engagement in European energy markets. Finally, the U.S. remains keen to engage its European partners on a broad agenda of global and regional issues and retains its own interests in working particularly with Central and Eastern European countries to lend stability to ‘wider Europe’.

scholarly journals Management of Gastrointestinal Disorders in Central and Eastern Europe: Self-Reported Practice of Primary Care Physicians / Zdravljenje Bolezni Prebavil V Srednji In Vzhodni Evropi: Podatki, Ki Jih Zdravniki V Primarni Zdravstveni Oskrbi Sami Sporočajo

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 294-303
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Palka ◽  
Anna Krztoń-Królewiecka ◽  
Tomasz Tomasik ◽  
Bohumil Seifert ◽  
Ewa Wójtowicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Primary Care Physicians ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Family Physicians ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorders ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Digestive Disorders ◽  
Eastern European Countries

Abstract Background. Gastrointestinal disorders account for 7-10% of all consultations in primary care. General practitioners’ management of digestive disorders in Central and Eastern European countries is largely unknown. Aims. To identify and compare variations in the self-perceived responsibilities of general practitioners in the management of digestive disorders in Central and Eastern Europe. Methods. A cross-sectional survey of a randomized sample of primary care physicians from 9 countries was conducted. An anonymous questionnaire was sent via post to primary care doctors. Results. We received 867 responses; the response rate was 28.9%. Over 70% of respondents reported familiarity with available guidelines for gastrointestinal diseases. For uninvestigated dyspepsia in patients under 45 years, the “test and treat” strategy was twice as popular as “test and scope”. The majority (59.8%) of family physicians would refer patients with rectal bleeding without alarm symptoms to a specialist (from 7.6% of doctors in Slovenia to 85.1% of doctors in Bulgaria; p<0.001). 93.4% of respondents declared their involvement in colorectal cancer screening. In the majority of countries, responding doctors most often reported that they order fecal occult blood tests. The exceptions were Estonia and Hungary, where the majority of family physicians referred patients to a specialist (p<0.001). Conclusions. Physicians from Central and Eastern European countries understood the need for the use of guidelines for the care of patients with gastrointestinal problems, but there is broad variation between countries in their management. Numerous efforts should be undertaken to establish and implement international standards for digestive disorders’ management in general practice.

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