The Influence of Mandatory Arrest Policies, Police Organizational Characteristics, and Situational Variables on the Probability of Arrest in Domestic Violence Cases

2005 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Eitle
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Hierarchical Modeling ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Organizational Characteristics ◽  
Mandatory Arrest ◽  
Situational Variables ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Predicting Arrest ◽  
Arrest Policies ◽  
Year 2000

Prior research into factors predicting arrest in domestic violence cases is limited in three regards: (a) no examination of whether mandatory arrest policies are associated with increased risk of arrest across multiple jurisdictions; (b) little consideration of whether police organizational characteristics influence arrest in such cases; and (c) little examination of whether mandatory arrest policies moderate the influence of extralegal characteristics on arrest risks. Using year 2000 data from the National Incident-Based Reporting System and the Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics, a nonlinear hierarchical modeling procedure was employed to evaluate the predictive utility of situational and organizational factors associated with arrest probability in domestic violence cases. The results suggest that, in domestic violence cases, mandatory arrest policies predict arrest and modestly reduce the significance of race as a predictor of arrest. The results are interpreted as supporting a constrained rational model of policing.

The Voices of Domestic Violence Victims: Predictors of Victim Preference for Arrest and the Relationship Between Preference for Arrest and Revictimization

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Hirschel ◽  
Ira W. Hutchison
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Mandatory Arrest ◽  
Female Victims ◽  
Domestic Violence Victims ◽  
Offender Characteristics ◽  
Arrest Policies ◽  
The Relationship

This article focuses on what female victims of domestic violence expect the police to do when they call for assistance during an abusive incident and whether there is an association between their desire for formal intervention and subsequent victimization and offender aggression. The 419 victims interviewed in this study had a variety of expectations ranging from simply warning to arresting the offender. A combination of victim characteristics, offender characteristics, and incident characteristics was predictive of victim desire for arrest, and victim desire for arrest was significantly associated with subsequent threat of abuse and actual abuse of the victim. The implications of these findings for preferred and mandatory arrest policies are discussed.

scholarly journals Quality of life and risk of feminicide in women victims of intimate partner violence in Campinas

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Caicedo Roa ◽  
L Gabrielle Dalaqua ◽  
P Filizola ◽  
R Cordeiro
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Women Victims ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Introduction Violence against women is a public health problem with severe consequences. Most women in situations of domestic violence are emotionally involved and/or economically dependent of their intimate partners contributing to the perpetuation and acceptance of violence. Objectives 1) To characterize the women who join the Reference and Support Center for Women (Ceamo) in Campinas, Southeast Brazil. 2) To measure the quality of life in women victims of intimate partner violence 3) To determine the risk of feminicide. Methods The Ceamo is a public specialized service from the mayor of Campinas, it provides psychological, social and legal guidance to women in situations of gender violence. Inclusion criteria: Women attending Ceamo services, speaking Portuguese, age ≥18 years old and having experienced intimate partner violence. Measure instruments: Danger assessment Scale and WHOQOL-BREF. Results During the 11 months of the study, 78 new users were recruited. Average age 38.3 years old, mostly married/stable union, most of them with children (88%). 64% of women do not work and 36% live with the abusive partner. Prevalent types of violence suffered during by the victims in the last year were psychological n = 76, physical n = 62, moral n = 54 and sexual n = 23. The domain most affected in the assessment of quality of life was the environment (average 42% /100%) and psychological domain (42%/100%). 49% of women were classified with increased risk, 22% with severe risk and 1% with extreme risk of femicide. The questions with the most positive answers were those related to believing that the partner can kill her (77%), jealous of the partner (76%) and controlling behavior (73%), being followed/spied by the partner (67%) and threat death (65%). Conclusions The service in general receive very vulnerable women with low perception of their own quality of life, precarious material conditions and high risk of femicide. Key messages The women in domestic violence situation attended by the Ceamo service are at high risk of femicide. Service users have very low perception of their quality of life and poor social conditions.

scholarly journals The Psychosocial Work Environment and Perceived Stress among Seniors with Physically Demanding Jobs: The SeniorWorkingLife Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7437
Author(s):  
Jonas Vinstrup ◽  
Annette Meng ◽  
Emil Sundstrup ◽  
Lars L. Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Work Conditions ◽  
Psychosocial Work Environment ◽  
Psychosocial Work ◽  
Decision Latitude ◽  
Collegial Support ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Poor psychosocial work conditions are known to foster negative health consequences. While the existing literature on this topic focus mainly on white-collar workers, the influence of different aspects of the psychosocial work environment in physically demanding jobs remain understudied. Likewise, senior workers represent a population of the workforce at increased risk of adverse health outcomes and premature exit from the labour market. This study investigates the association between psychosocial work factors and perceived stress among the senior work force. Methods: Utilizing cross-sectional findings, this study reports associations between psychosocial factors (organizational justice, cooperation and collegial support, decision latitude, clarity of tasks, and quality of leadership) and the outcome of perceived stress quantified by Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale (CPSS). Currently employed senior workers with physically demanding jobs were included in the analyses (n = 3386). Associations were modeled using general linear models with weights to make the estimates representative. Results: For all individually adjusted psychosocial variables, the category of “good” was consistently associated with lower stress scores compared to the categories of both “moderate” and “poor” (all p < 0.0001). Likewise, in the mutually adjusted analysis, the category of “good” was statistically different from “poor” for all included variables, while the category of “moderate” remained different from “poor” for “clarity of tasks”, “cooperation and collegial support”, and “decision latitude”. Conclusions: Among senior workers with physically demanding jobs, poor ratings of organizational factors related to the psychosocial work environment are consistently associated with high stress scores. Blue-collar occupations focusing primarily on physical risk factors are recommended to increase awareness on psychosocial aspects that may be relevant to the local work environment.

63 Characterizing Organizational Risk Factors and Clinical Impacts of Unplanned Extubations among Infants in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. e44-e45
Author(s):  
Gabriella Le Blanc ◽  
Elias Jabbour ◽  
Sharina Patel ◽  
Marco Zeid ◽  
Wissam Shalish ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Perinatal Medicine ◽  
Unplanned Extubations ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Primary Subject area Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Background Organizational factors in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) can increase the risk of adverse events, such as unplanned extubations (UPEs). UPE is the premature and unanticipated removal of an endotracheal tube. UPE and subsequent reintubation may increase the risk for lung injury and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) among preterm infants. Objectives First, we aimed to assess the association between daily nursing overtime and UPEs in the NICU. Second, we aimed to evaluate the association between UPE, re-intubation after UPE, and BPD in the sub-group of infants born &lt; 29 weeks’ gestational age (GA). Design/Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort study including infants admitted to a tertiary care NICU between 2016-2019. Daily nursing hours were obtained from local administrative databases. Patient data was collected from the local Canadian Neonatal Network database. Association between ratio of daily nursing overtime hours/total nursing hours (OTR) was compared between days with and without UPEs, using logistic regression analyses. Associations between UPE and BPD among infants born &lt;29 weeks requiring mechanical ventilation was evaluated in a 1:1 propensity-score matched (PSM) cohort. Infants were matched based on GA ± 2 weeks, mechanical ventilation days at time of UPE ± 5 days and SNAPII&gt;20. Results There were 108/1370 (7.8%) days with ≥ 1 UPE, for a total of 116 UPE events from 87 patients (23-42 weeks GA). Higher median OTR was observed on days with UPE compared to days without (3.3% vs. 2.5%, p=0.01). OTR was associated with higher adjusted odds of UPE (aOR 1.09, 95% CI 1.01-1.18), while other organizational variables were not (Table 1). Among ventilated infants &lt;29 weeks’ GA (n=XX), UPE rate was 31% (59), BPD rate was 42% (81) and re-intubation rate after UPE was 59% (35). In the PSM cohort of infants &lt;29 weeks, re-intubation after UPE, was associated with increased length of mechanical ventilation (aOR 16.45; CI 6.18, 26.72) as well as increased odds of BPD, when compared to infants not requiring re-intubation (aOR 4.97, 95% CI 1.54-18.27) (Table 2). Conclusion Higher nursing overtime was associated with increased UPEs in the NICU. Re-intubation was frequently required after a UPE. Among the infants born &lt; 29 weeks’ GA, UPE requiring reintubation was associated with increased total length of mechanical ventilation and increased risk of BPD. Our findings highlight the role of workforce management in improving outcomes in the NICU, through reducing the incidence of UPEs.

Individual and Organizational Factors Associated With Hospital Readmission Rates: Evidence From a U.S. National Sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1153-1158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyaien O. Conner ◽  
Hongdao Meng ◽  
Victoria Marino ◽  
Timothy L. Boaz
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Readmission ◽  
Chronic Conditions ◽  
Transitional Care ◽  
Hospital Readmissions ◽  
Severity Of Illness ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
Multiple Chronic Conditions ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Increased Risk

Objective: Hospital readmission rate is an important indicator for assessing quality of care in the acute and postacute settings. Identifying factors that increase risk for hospital readmissions can aid in the recognition of potential targets for quality improvement efforts. The main objective of this brief report was to examine the factors that predict increased risk of 30-day readmissions. Method: We analyzed data from the 2013 National Readmission Database (NRD). Results: The main factors that predicted increased risk of 30-day readmission were number of chronic conditions, severity of illness, mortality risk, and hospital ownership. Unexpectedly, discharge from a for-profit hospital was associated with greater risk for hospital readmission in the United States. Discussion and Conclusion: These findings suggest that patients with severe physical illness and multiple chronic conditions should be the primary targets for hospital transitional care interventions to help reduce the rate of unnecessary hospital readmissions.

Policing Domestic Violence: The Significance of Charging in the Post-Arrest Decision Making of Police Officers

Partner Abuse ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott W. Phillips ◽  
James Gillham
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
State Legislatures ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Design Data ◽  
Mandatory Arrest ◽  
Criminal Charge ◽  
Criminal Charges ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Arrest Decision

During the 1980s many state legislatures enacted laws to address domestic violence cases, including mandatory arrest and warrantless arrest in a misdemeanor domestic violence incident. The domestic violence arrest decision has been extensively examined, but this is not the final decision point for officers. This research examined police officers’ decisions when listing criminal charges in domestic violence incidents. Using a vignette research design, data come from 267 police officers in a large department. Most police officers listed the criminal charge that would be expected based on the conditions described in the vignette. Specific factors increased the likelihood of misdemeanor and felony level criminal charges being listed.

Sentencing, Domestic Violence, and the Overrepresentation of Indigenous Australians: Does Court Location Matter?

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051988591
Author(s):  
Robin Fitzgerald ◽  
Heather Douglas ◽  
Lachlan Heybroek
Keyword(s):  
Domestic Violence ◽  
Indigenous People ◽  
Hierarchical Modeling ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Indigenous Australians ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Modeling Strategy ◽  
Geographic Remoteness ◽  
Protection Order ◽  
Sentencing Outcomes

The significant overrepresentation of Indigenous people in Australian prisons has been the subject of numerous studies. In this article, we build on recent research suggesting that sentencing in domestic violence cases might be an important contributor to this overrepresentation of Indigenous people. We broaden the existing research by examining differences for Indigenous and non-Indigenous defendants in domestic violence cases across a range of sentencing outcomes including imprisonment, probation, fines, and good behavior orders. We also consider whether the degree of geographic remoteness of the court influences these sentencing outcomes. To accomplish this, we use administrative court data from Queensland, Australia, and employ a multinomial hierarchical modeling strategy appropriate for nested court-level multilevel data. The findings further support recent Australian research suggesting that there are sentencing disparities for Indigenous and non-Indigenous people in relation to domestic violence, and in particular, that harsher sentences such as imprisonment are disproportionately reserved for Indigenous defendants. Our research demonstrates that these disparities in the likelihood of imprisonment occur irrespective of defendants’ domestic violence protection order (DVO) breach histories and the location of the sentencing court. Based on the findings, we conclude with a discussion of possible ways forward. Although there is no question that Indigenous women should be safe and free from violence, supporting a harsher sentencing regime for those who breach DVOs is not effective. Instead, we argue that flexible strategies that work within and for Indigenous communities in Australia are required.

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