New Applications of Self-Control Theory to Computer-Focused Cyber Deviance and Victimization: A Comparison of Cognitive and Behavioral Measures of Self-Control and Test of Peer Cyber Deviance and Gender as Moderators

2020 ◽  
pp. 001112872090611 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Louderback ◽  
Olena Antonaccio
Keyword(s):  
Self Control ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Cyber Victimization ◽  
Deviant Peers ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Cognitive Predictors ◽  
Peer Associations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
New Applications ◽  
The Relationship

This study tests the effects of behavioral and cognitive measures of self-control on computer-focused cyber deviance and cyber victimization with survey data from 1,036 adult employees. We examine moderating effects of cyber deviant peers and gender in the relationship between self-control, and cyber deviance and victimization. Cognitive and behavioral measures of self-control are negativity associated with cyber deviance, whereas only behavioral self-control predicted reduced cyber victimization. Moderation analyses show that cyber deviant peer associations condition the relationship between self-control, and both cyber deviance and victimization. Gender moderation models reveal no consistent significant effects. The results have implications for the understanding of cognitive predictors of computer-focused cybercrime and victimization, as well as institutional cybercrime prevention policies. Our findings can inform the future integration of self-control and social learning theories in cyberspace.

scholarly journals Relationship of Personality Traits and Gender Role Attitudes: A Comparison of Traditional and non- Traditional Professionals

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (8) ◽  
pp. 271-279
Author(s):  
Khaizran Zahra ◽  
Rubina Hanif .
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Gender Role Attitudes ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study was conducted to examine the relationship of personality traits (i.e., dominance, self-acceptance, self-control, flexibility, sociability, capacity for status and communality) and Gender Role attitudes among professionals of traditional and non-traditional occupations using selected scales from Urdu Version of California Personality Inventory (CPI) and Gender Role Attitudes Scale. A sample of 152 professionals from traditional and non-traditional occupations (criteria of defining traditional and nontraditional professions were based on literature). The findings suggested positive relationship among personality traits and gender role attitudes. The linear Regression analysis showed predicting role of personality traits for gender role attitudes. The significant differences were found on personality traits, gender role attitudes among traditional and non-traditional professionals, and gender as well. In addition, implications and limitations, as well as directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Assessing the Potential Impact of Cigarette Packs Designed for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Adults: A Randomized Experiment to Inform U.S. Regulation, 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 157S-164S
Author(s):  
Joseph G. L. Lee ◽  
Tiffany M. Blanchflower ◽  
Kevin F. O’Brien ◽  
Leslie E. Cofie ◽  
Kyle R. Gregory ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Model Framework ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Bisexual And Transgender ◽  
Marketing Tool ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Priority Populations ◽  
Regulatory Decisions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cigarette Packs

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) can regulate the introduction of new tobacco products and some changes to existing products. Cigarette packs have been used as a marketing tool to target specific groups and priority populations. Research has shown that sexual and gender minority (SGM) adults are substantially more likely to use tobacco products than their straight and cisgender counterparts. However, research to inform the FDA’s regulatory decisions regarding cigarette packs targeting priority populations is nascent. To fill this gap, we conducted an online experiment in 2018, randomizing U.S. adults who reported current smoking ( N = 954, 52% were SGM) to view one of three cigarette packs. A graphic designer developed “Glacier” branded packs with three levels of SGM imagery: (1) no targeting, (2) subtle targeting, and (3) a rainbow “pride edition.” Participants viewed and rated the pack using cognitive, affective, and behavioral measures informed by theory. We used a linear model framework to compare the two SGM-targeted packs with the not targeted version and tested interactions between pack and SGM identity for the dependent variables. We stratified results by SGM status. SGM status was a significant moderator of the relationship between the pack and ratings of appeal, positive affect, feeling shocked, and intent to try with a coupon. Findings from this study revealed that packs designed for SGM populations can disproportionately change cognitive, affective, and behavioral intention responses for SGM smokers. Products entering the market should be assessed by FDA for the appeal of their packs to vulnerable populations.

Exploring the Moderating Role of Gender in Juvenile Hacking Behaviors

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (11) ◽  
pp. 1533-1555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Holt ◽  
Jordana N. Navarro ◽  
Shelly Clevenger
Keyword(s):  
Self Control ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Juvenile Offending ◽  
Computer Hacking ◽  
Peer Associations ◽  
Rural Residency ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role

Criminological research has demonstrated the significant relationship between deviant peer associations, a lack of self-control, and individual delinquency. These relationships also account for involvement in cybercrime, though these results are based largely on adult samples. There is less research considering juvenile offending online, particularly examining involvement in property-based offenses such as computer hacking. This study utilized an international sample of 48,327 juvenile respondents in the Second International Self-Report of Delinquency (ISRD-2) study to examine the role of gender as a moderating factor in the relationship between deviant peer associations, self-control, opportunity, and self-reported computer hacking behavior. The findings demonstrated different correlates associated with hacking for males and females, as well as differences on the basis of urban and rural residency.

scholarly journals An investigation of the relationship between cyberbullying, cybervictimization and depression symptoms: A cross sectional study among university students in Qatar

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0260263
Author(s):  
Sara Mohamed Alrajeh ◽  
Huda Mohammed Hassan ◽  
Aisha Salim Al-Ahmed ◽  
Diana Alsayed Hassan
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cyber Victimization ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Background Cyberbullying is a modern form of bullying that could be practiced electronically or on the internet. It is related to different mental health issues such as depression, which can affect both the cyberbully and the victim. Although a few studies have been conducted regarding the prevalence of cyberbullying and cyber-victimization among the younger generation in Qatar, no studies have been conducted among young adults despite studies showing that they are also prone to cyberbullying. Methods This is a cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence and the relationship between cyberbullying, cyber-victimization, and depression symptoms among Qatar University students. A self-administered close-ended electronic questionnaire was used to assess student’s cyberbullying/cyber-victimization behaviors and depression symptoms. The Revised Cyberbullying Inventory scale (RCBI-II) and Patient Health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were utilized to measure involvement in cyberbullying and depression symptoms, respectively. A total of 836 students participated in the study. Pearson Chi-Square test and binary logistic regression were conducted to analyze the data. Results Results indicated the majority of students have been involved in cyberbullying as follows: 6.8% cyberbullies, 29.2% cybervictims, 35.8% cyberbully-victims, and 28.2% not involved in either. Approximately 50% of the students scored a ten or higher on the PHQ9 test indicating symptoms of depression. Moreover, significant associations were found between cyberbullying experiences and gender (p = 0.03), depression and gender (p = 0.046), and between cyberbullying experiences and depression (p<0.001). Conclusion Our findings indicate that among Qatar University students, cyberbullying and cyber-victimization are prevalent behaviors that could be associated with the high reported rates of depression symptoms.

Does Impulsive Response to Internal and External Food Cues Lead to Higher Calorie Intake?

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-34
Author(s):  
Jebaraj Asirvatham
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Calorie Intake ◽  
Food Cues ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Environmental Pressures ◽  
Impulsive Response ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Measuring the impact of self-control on caloric intake has proved challenging in non-experimental studies. In this article, we study the relationship between self-control and food intake quantified by calories. Using validated behavioral measures, we find that impulsivity increases caloric intake, and that restraint decreases intake. Furthermore, the effect of impulsivity and restraint is more pronounced at the upper end of the calorie distribution. Thus, individuals already consuming more calories display a heightened reaction and likelihood to succumb to food environmental pressures. An individual's decision to diet, when allowed to vary with behavioral measures, bears no unique significance on caloric intake. Our results are robust to different levels of physical activity and generally robust to underreporting.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Cyberbullying, Cyber-victimization and Depression among Qatar University Students

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aisha Al-Ahmed ◽  
Huda Makki ◽  
Sara Al-Rajeh ◽  
Diana Alsayed Hassan
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cyber Victimization ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Cyberbullying is a modern form of bullying that could be practiced electronically or on the internet. It is related to different mental health issues such as depression, which can affect both the cyberbully and the victim. Although a few studies have been conducted regarding the prevalence of cyberbullying and cyber-victimization among the younger generation in Qatar, no studies have been conducted among the young adult age group despite studies showing that they are also prone to cyberbullying. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study to investigate the prevalence and the relationship between cyberbullying, cyber-victimization, and depression among Qatar University students. A self-administered close-ended electronic questionnaire was used to assess student’s cyberbullying/cyber-victimization behaviors and depression symptoms. The Revised Cyberbullying Inventory scale (RCBI-II) and Patient Health questionnaire-9(PHQ-9) were used. A total of 836 students participated in the study. Pearson Chi-Square test and binary logistic regression were utilized to analyze the data. Results: Overall results indicated that the majority of students have been involved in at least one of the cyberbullying experiences as follows: (6.8% cyberbullies, 29.2% cyber-victims, 35.8% both cyberbullies and cyber-victims, 28.2% not involved in either). Approximately 50% of the students scored a ten or higher on the PHQ9 test indicating symptoms of depression. Moreover, significant associations were found between cyberbullying experiences and gender (p=0.03), depression and gender (p= 0.046), and between cyberbullying experiences and depression (p<0.001). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that among Qatar University students, cyberbullying and cyber-victimization are prevalent behaviors that could be associated with the high reported rates of depression symptoms.

Physical Fitness and Resting EEG in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching-Wen Huang ◽  
Chung-Ju Huang ◽  
Chiao-Ling Hung ◽  
Chia-Hao Shih ◽  
Tsung-Min Hung
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Resting State ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Higher Power ◽  
Eyes Open ◽  
The Relationship

Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterized by a deviant pattern of brain oscillations during resting state, particularly elevated theta power and increased theta/alpha and theta/beta ratios that are related to cognitive functioning. Physical fitness has been found beneficial to cognitive performance in a wide age population. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the relationship between physical fitness and resting-state electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillations in children with ADHD. EEG was recorded during eyes-open resting for 28 children (23 boys and 5 girls, 8.66 ± 1.10 years) with ADHD, and a battery of physical fitness assessments including flexibility, muscular endurance, power, and agility tests were administered. The results indicated that ADHD children with higher power fitness exhibited a smaller theta/alpha ratio than those with lower power fitness. These findings suggest that power fitness may be associated with improved attentional self-control in children with ADHD.

The Relationship of Digit Ratio (2D:4D) and Gender-Role Orientation in Four National Samples

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 78-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan J. Troche ◽  
Nina Weber ◽  
Karina Hennigs ◽  
Carl-René Andresen ◽  
Thomas H. Rammsayer
Keyword(s):  
Gender Role ◽  
Sex Role ◽  
Role Orientation ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Gender Role Orientation ◽  
Left Hand ◽  
Fourth Finger ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. The ratio of second to fourth finger length (2D:4D ratio) is sexually dimorphic with women having higher 2D:4D ratio than men. Recent studies on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation yielded rather inconsistent results. The present study examines the moderating influence of nationality on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation, as assessed with the Bem Sex-Role Inventory, as a possible explanation for these inconsistencies. Participants were 176 female and 171 male university students from Germany, Italy, Spain, and Sweden ranging in age from 19 to 32 years. Left-hand 2D:4D ratio was significantly lower in men than in women across all nationalities. Right-hand 2D:4D ratio differed only between Swedish males and females indicating that nationality might effectively moderate the sexual dimorphism of 2D:4D ratio. In none of the examined nationalities was a reliable relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation obtained. Thus, the assumption of nationality-related between-population differences does not seem to account for the inconsistent results on the relationship between 2D:4D ratio and gender-role orientation.

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