Cross-cultural Design and Healthcare Waiting Rooms for Indigenous People in Regional Australia

2020 ◽  
pp. 001391652095244
Author(s):  
Timothy O’Rourke ◽  
Daphne Nash ◽  
Michele Haynes ◽  
Meredith Burgess ◽  
Paul Memmott
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare Facility ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Social Constructs ◽  
Design Attributes ◽  
Supportive Design ◽  
Regional Australia ◽  
People’S Perceptions

The theory of supportive design influences healthcare facility design but is under-researched for different cultural groups. This mixed-methods study compared two Indigenous sample populations in Australia to examine the effect of the physical environment in public hospitals and clinics on Indigenous people’s perceptions and experiences of waiting for care. Quantitative survey data ( n = 602) measured perceptions of relevant design attributes using paired images in a screen-based survey. Semi-structured interviews ( n = 55) identified concerns about the physical healthcare environment including waiting rooms. Ceiling heights, seating arrangements and views to the outside were significant showing commonalities between perceptions of the two populations. The interviews revealed that cultural and social constructs, including privacy, fear, shame, and racism, were significant and that people’s perceptions were influenced by colonization and independent of location. Our study highlights the importance of a cross-cultural approach to supportive design interventions for spatial and symbolic treatments of waiting areas.

Cross-Cultural Measurement in Social Work Research and Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Chan
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
Social Constructs ◽  
Social Work Research ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Physical Abilities ◽  
The Impact

Cross-cultural measurement is an important topic in social work research and evaluation. Measuring health related concepts accurately is necessary for researchers and practitioners who work with culturally diverse populations. Social workers use measurements or instruments to assess health-related outcomes in order to identify risk and protective factors for vulnerable, disadvantaged populations. Culturally validated instruments are necessary, first, to identify the evidence of health disparities for vulnerable populations. Second, measurements are required to accurately capture health outcomes in order to evaluate the effectiveness of interventions for cross-cultural populations. Meaningful, appropriate, and practical research instruments, however, are not always readily available. They may have bias when used for populations from different racial and ethnic groups, tribal groups, immigration and refugee status, gender identities, religious affiliations, social class, and mental or physical abilities. Social work researchers must have culturally reliable and valid research instruments to accurately measure social constructs and ensure the validity of outcomes with cultural populations of interest. . In addition, culturally reliable and valid instruments are necessary for research which involves comparisons with different cultural groups. Instruments must capture the same conceptual understanding in outcomes across different cultural groups to create a basis for comparison. Cross-cultural instruments must also detect and ascertain the same magnitude in the changes in health outcomes, in order to accurately determine the impact of factors in the social environment as well as the influence of micro, mezzo, and macro-level interventions. This reference provides an overview of issues and techniques of cross-cultural measurement in social work research and evaluation. Applying systematic, methodological approaches to develop, collect, and assess cross-cultural measurements will lead to more reliable and valid data for cross-cultural groups.

International pharmacy students’ transition to Nottingham: Semi-structured interviews (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yicong Liu
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Teaching Style ◽  
Cultural Adjustment ◽  
Independent Study ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
International Pharmacy ◽  
The Uk

BACKGROUND The transition from China to the UK can be challenging, and there is increasing concern among academics since cross-cultural learning and living may be a challenge for these students. OBJECTIVE To find out international pharmacy students’ worries and challenges as well as benefits on the transition experience from China to the UK. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were used to explore this group of students’ transition experiences. Selective transcription was done because of time limitations in the project. RESULTS The natural and cultural environment was the most pleasant experience for Tianjin students during this transition process. Cross-cultural adjustment and self-adaptability, as well as their autonomous learning ability were the main barriers for international students. CONCLUSIONS The difference between Asian and Western culture caused barriers for international students to fit into a new environment. In terms of integrating into local students, insufficient English language skills, culture shock and personality could be the influence factors. Moreover, the different teaching style and learning style could be the possible reasons for students having difficulty in an independent study. CLINICALTRIAL N/A

scholarly journals Improving the experience of facility-based delivery for vulnerable women through obstetric care navigation: a qualitative evaluation

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Austad ◽  
Michel Juarez ◽  
Hannah Shryer ◽  
Patricia L. Hibberd ◽  
Mari-Lynn Drainoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Workers ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Obstetric Care ◽  
Hospital Staff ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Care Seeking ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Global disparities in maternal mortality could be reduced by universal facility delivery. Yet, deficiencies in the quality of care prevent some mothers from seeking facility-based obstetric care. Obstetric care navigators (OCNs) are a new form of lay health workers that combine elements of continuous labor support and care navigation to promote obstetric referrals. Here we report qualitative results from the pilot OCN project implemented in Indigenous villages in the Guatemalan central highlands. Methods We conducted semi-structured interviews with 17 mothers who received OCN accompaniment and 13 staff—namely physicians, nurses, and social workers—of the main public hospital in the pilot’s catchment area (Chimaltenango). Interviews queried OCN’s impact on patient and hospital staff experience and understanding of intended OCN roles. Audiorecorded interviews were transcribed, coded, and underwent content analysis. Results Maternal fear of surgical intervention, disrespectful and abusive treatment, and linguistic barriers were principal deterrents of care seeking. Physicians and nurses reported cultural barriers, opposition from family, and inadequate hospital resources as challenges to providing care to Indigenous mothers. Patient and hospital staff identified four valuable services offered by OCNs: emotional support, patient advocacy, facilitation of patient-provider communication, and care coordination. While patients and most physicians felt that OCNs had an overwhelmingly positive impact, nurses felt their effort would be better directed toward traditional nursing tasks. Conclusions Many barriers to maternity care exist for Indigenous mothers in Guatemala. OCNs can improve mothers’ experiences in public hospitals and reduce limitations faced by providers. However, broader buy-in from hospital staff—especially nurses—appears critical to program success. Future research should focus on measuring the impact of obstetric care navigation on key clinical outcomes (cesarean delivery) and mothers’ future care seeking behavior.

scholarly journals Differences in Hedonic Responses, Facial Expressions and Self-Reported Emotions of Consumers Using Commercial Yogurts: A Cross-Cultural Study

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1237
Author(s):  
Mitali Gupta ◽  
Damir D. Torrico ◽  
Graham Hepworth ◽  
Sally L. Gras ◽  
Lydia Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Expression Recognition ◽  
Sensory Testing ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Cultural Preferences ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Hedonic Scale

Hedonic scale testing is a well-accepted methodology for assessing consumer perceptions but is compromised by variation in voluntary responses between cultures. Check-all-that-apply (CATA) methods using emotion terms or emojis and facial expression recognition (FER) are emerging as more powerful tools for consumer sensory testing as they may offer improved assessment of voluntary and involuntary responses, respectively. Therefore, this experiment compared traditional hedonic scale responses for overall liking to (1) CATA emotions, (2) CATA emojis and (3) FER. The experiment measured voluntary and involuntary responses from 62 participants of Asian (53%) versus Western (47%) origin, who consumed six divergent yogurt formulations (Greek, drinkable, soy, coconut, berry, cookies). The hedonic scales could discriminate between yogurt formulations but could not distinguish between responses across the cultural groups. Aversive responses to formulations were the easiest to characterize for all methods; the hedonic scale was the only method that could not characterize differences in cultural preferences, with CATA emojis displaying the highest level of discrimination. In conclusion, CATA methods, particularly the use of emojis, showed improved characterization of cross-cultural preferences of yogurt formulations compared to hedonic scales and FER.

Adolescents’ Attribution and Outcome Expectancies Regarding Relational Aggression: A Cross-Cultural Comparison and Cultural Value Associations

2020 ◽  
pp. 027243162097767
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Michelle F. Wright ◽  
Danae Rollet
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Relational Aggression ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Outcome Expectancies ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Chinese Adolescents ◽  
Outcome Expectancy ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Cross Cultural Comparison

This study compares 477 Chinese and 342 American adolescents’ responses to open-ended questions regarding attribution and outcome expectancies of relational aggression, and investigates how cultural values were related to these social cognitive processes. Results revealed cross-cultural similarities and differences. In particular, American adolescents attributed romantic relationship competition, which was absent in Chinese adolescents’ responses. Furthermore, American adolescents demonstrated a stronger instrumental orientation in their social cognition (e.g., gain status), whereas Chinese adolescents tended to hold the blaming the victim attribution, and the socially harm the victim outcome expectancy. Finally, this study revealed that in both cultural groups, higher collectivism was linked to the blaming the aggressor attribution, as well as escalated peer conflict and aggression as outcome expectancies, whereas individualism was linked to the blaming the victim attribution. Findings of this study enriched our knowledge about the cultural construal of adolescents’ attribution and outcome expectancy regarding relational aggression.

scholarly journals Mask Up: Exploring Cross-Cultural Influences on Mask-Making Behavior During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 0887302X2110127
Author(s):  
Kim H. Y. Hahn ◽  
Gargi Bhaduri
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Unique Contribution ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
The Public ◽  
Cross Cultural Study ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
The World ◽  
India And China

At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, people from around the world made numerous homemade masks for themselves and their community due to shortage of medical masks as well as to stop the spread of COVID-19. The purpose of the current study was to conduct cross cultural exploration of the reasons for making masks, self-construal and wellbeing associated with masks making by collecting data from residents across US, India, and China. The finding of this study presented different reasons for making masks as well as self-construal, and wellbeing in people who made masks versus those who did not. Differences were also observed among three different cultural groups. This study offers a unique contribution to the public health research engaging in craft making related activities to gain a better perspective of the state of health of a population and the understanding of cross-cultural study of craft making behavior during the pandemic.

Clinician and healthcare managers’ perspectives on the delivery of secondary and tertiary pediatric weight management services

2021 ◽  
pp. 136749352110521
Author(s):  
Jennifer Cohen ◽  
Shirley Alexander ◽  
Christina Signorelli ◽  
Kathryn Williams ◽  
Kyra A Sim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Management ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Models Of Care ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Management Service ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Optimal Care ◽  
Pediatric Weight Management ◽  
Management Services

Clinician and healthcare managers' (HCMs) views on weight management service delivery are imperative for informing the nature of future services to treat children with obesity. This qualitative study used semi-structured focus groups and one-on-one semi-structured interviews. Participants were 27 clinicians (medical, nursing, or allied health) and nine HCMs (senior executives in the hospital) who worked in six secondary or tertiary pediatric weight management clinics across five public hospitals in New South Wales, Australia. Clinicians reported that using a combination of group and individual sessions improved engagement with families and reduced attrition rates. Clinicians and HCMs recommended integrating clinics into community centers and providing specific programs for sub-groups, such as children from culturally and linguistically diverse communities or children with developmental delay. Many clinicians and HCMs stressed the importance of pediatric weight clinics using a holistic approach to treatment. To improve the likelihood of future funding for pediatric weight management clinics and to optimize models of care, centers must embed research into their practice. Addressing common barriers to current pediatric weight management services and designing future models of care based on key stakeholders’ preferences is critical to achieving optimal care provision for this high-risk population.

Lebanese conversational style and cultural values

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-604
Author(s):  
Sasha G. Louis ◽  
Rana N. Khoudary
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Linguistic Features ◽  
Audio Recordings ◽  
Conversational Style ◽  
Topic Shift ◽  
Fast Pace ◽  
Expressive Phonology

Abstract This paper investigates the Lebanese conversational style in relation to Lebanese cultural values. The study adopts a discourse analysis approach based on interactional sociolinguistic methodology for the analysis of audio-recordings and semi-structured interviews involving Lebanese nationals (multi-active culture) and members of linear-active cultures, in addition to participant observation. Four distinctive linguistic features characterizing the Lebanese conversational style are identified: topic (focus on personal topics and abrupt topic shift), pacing (overlap and fast pace), expressive phonology and intonation, and formulaic language. The findings of this study reveal that the Lebanese have a high-involvement conversational style as a result of their cultural values which reflect those of high-context, multi-active and collectivist cultures. Furthermore, a connection is made between cultural and communicative differences which can account for instances of stereotyping and misunderstandings between members of the two cultural groups.

scholarly journals Revealed Traits: A Novel Method for Estimating Cross-Cultural Similarities and Differences in Personality

2018 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 554-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cory K. Costello ◽  
Dustin Wood ◽  
William Tov
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Revealed Preferences ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Cross Cultural Differences ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Cultural Research ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Novel Method

Cross-cultural research on personality has often led to surprising and countertheoretical findings, which have led to concerns over the validity of country-level estimates of personality (e.g., Heine, Buchtel, & Norenzayan, 2008). The present study explores how cross-cultural differences can be indexed via revealed trait estimates, which index the personality traits of individuals or groups indirectly through their likelihood of responding in particular ways to particular situations. In two studies, we measure self-reports of personality, revealed traits, and revealed preferences for different expected effects (e.g., experiencing excitement) of two cultural groups (U.S. and Singaporean participants). We found typical East–West differences in personality using self-report scales, such as lower levels of Conscientiousness- and Extraversion-related characteristics among Singaporean participants relative to U.S. participants. We found evidence of scale use extremity differences in self-report personality scales but not in revealed trait estimates. Using revealed traits, we found evidence of strikingly high levels of similarity in terms of overall action endorsement, revealed trait estimates, and revealed preferences. However, this was qualified by consistent differences in revealed trait estimates of Extraversion-related characteristics and less consistent differences in revealed trait estimates of Conscientiousness-related characteristics. We also found consistent differences in preferences for different expected effects; for example, Singaporean participants reported lower likelihood of performing actions expected to result in experiencing stimulation or excitement than U.S. participants. Results suggest that similarities in action endorsements and revealed traits may be driven by common preferences for social inclusion and benevolence, and differences may be driven by differing preferences for expending effort, experiencing stimulation, and social attention.

scholarly journals The Correlation between Students’ Ethnic Identity and Self-Presentation in Interpersonal Communication in Different Cultural Groups

2020 ◽  
pp. 133-143
Author(s):  
В.И. Казаренков ◽  
М.М. Карнелович
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Intercultural Communication ◽  
Interpersonal Communication ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Communication ◽  
Cultural Groups ◽  
Self Presentation ◽  
Cross Cultural Communication ◽  
Different Cultures ◽  
Higher Education Internationalization

Проблема межкультурного взаимодействия приобретает особую актуальность в связи с процессом интернационализации высшего образования. В ситуации межличностного взаимодействия студенты — представители разных культур являются субъектами самопрезентации их этнической идентичности. В связи с высокой прикладной значимостью проблемы эффективного и толерантного взаимодействия студентов в условиях поликультурной образовательной среды была выдвинута и подвергнута эмпирической проверке гипотеза о связи этнической идентичности и самопрезентации студентов, являющихся представителями разных культурных групп — русской, белорусской, туркменской и индийской. Цель работы — эмпирически выявить специфические особенности взаимосвязи типа этнической идентичности и тактик самопрезентации у студентов разных культурных групп в межличностном взаимодействии. В исследовании определены содержание и направленность связи между типами этнической идентичности — позитивной, нигилистичной, индифферентной, фанатичной, эгоистичной — с защитными и ассертивными стратегиями самопредъявления студентов. Предлагается обзор программы тренинга самопрезентации, направленного на коррекцию неадаптивных способов самопредъявления и формирование эффективных стратегий самопрезентации студентов в межличностном взаимодействии с представителями иных культурных групп. Результаты исследования представляют интерес для специалистов в области кросс-культурной коммуникации, этнической психологии и психологии личности. The issue of intercultural communication is gaining relevance because of the process of higher education internationalization. In situations of interpersonal communication, students, representatives of different cultures, define themselves and their ethnic identity. The investigation of students’ efficient and tolerant interaction in the conditions of multicultural learning environments enables the authors of the research to put forward a hypothesis that students’ ethnic identity is closely related to their self-presentation in multicultural groups (Russian, Belorussian, Turkmen, and Indian). The aim of the research is to empirically single out some specific peculiarities of students’ ethnic identity and self-presentation strategies in interpersonal communication. The research defines the content and the interconnection between ethnic identity — positive, nihilist, indifferent, fanatical, selfish — and protective and assertive strategies of students’ self-presentation. The article presents an overview of a self-presentation training course aimed at the correction of nonadaptive means of self-presentation and the formation of efficient strategies of self-presentation in interpersonal communication with representatives of other cultural groups. The results of the research may be useful for specialists in the sphere of cross-cultural communication, ethnic psychology and personal psychology.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document